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| | Echinodermata |
 | | Some early Paleozoic echinoderms are not radially symmetrical (e.g., carpoids and helicoplacoids), while a possible echinoderm from the Vendian (Arkarua) has five-fold radial body organization. | | | Molecular analysis of distant phylogenetic relationships in echinoderms. | | | Fossil evidence for the relationship of extant echinoderm classes and their times of divergence. |
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http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Echinodermata&contgroup=Metazoa
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| | [No title] |
| | There are also a fair number of echinoderm neurophysiology papers, as I feel these have a great deal of relevance to behavioral questions. | | | Suggestions for additional starfish behavior papers are welcome, as are corrections if you discover any errors (but my apologies to those whose names can't be spelled properly with this character set; I don't have any way to insert the necessary characters). | | | A few non-echinoderm references are included where I found papers interesting for behavior in general or specific to chemosensory orientation problems, although this is by no means complete for either of those two subjects, as well as a few miscellaneous echinoderm papers I found generally interesting. |
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http://www.vsf.cape.com/~jdale/science/starbibl.htm
(3555 words)
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| | Echinoderms |
| | Echinoderms have a few important aspects in common. |
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http://www.cyhaus.com/marine/Echinoderm.htm
(222 words)
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| | Wonders of the Seas: Echinoderms |
| | During the process of maturing, the echinoderm will change its body shape from bilaterally symmetrical to radially symmetrical, and in the process, settle down on the sea floor. | | | This means that the creatures have appendages (or body construction) which point outward from the center of the body like the spokes on a bicycle wheel. | | | The phylum Echinodermata, which contains about 6000 species, gets its name from the Greek, literally meaning "spiny skin." Many echinoderms actually do have "spiny" skin, but others do not. |
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http://www.oceanicresearch.org/echinoderm.html
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| | Sumrall - Echinoderm Symmetry |
| | This pattern, called the 2-1-2 symmetry, is primitive for echinoderms and is the common condition found in most groups. | | | Where early growth stages have been documented, most echinoderms pass through a bilateral, triradial, and pentaradial stage. | | | Echinoderms have always been noted for having a five-part symmetry to their bodies, which is most evident in the rays. |
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http://web.eps.utk.edu/Faculty/sumrall/research2.htm
(583 words)
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| | Echinoderms |
| | A Echinoderm uses some of the bumps or spines on its surface to take in oxygen. | | | Some have a mouth on the bottom and an anus on the top.Starfish can actually turn their stomachs outside of their body and insert it into its prey's such as a clam. | | | A Echinoderm has five arms and spines or bumps all over its body. |
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http://www.mcwdn.org/Animals/Starfish.html
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| | Classification of an Echinoderm |
| | Students will be given an opportunity to observe the various parts of an echinoderm. | | | Exercise 2: The students will dissect the dorsal side of the starfish to expose the internal structures. | | | Students will show in which ways the echinoderms are similar to the chordates. |
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http://www.iit.edu/~smile/bi8906.html
(360 words)
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| | eMedicine - Echinoderm Envenomations : Article by Scott A Gallagher, MD, FACEP |
| | Emergency Department Care: Emergency department (ED) management of echinoderm envenomation involves addressing the venom exposure and the accompanying trauma inflicted by the specific application structures used to deliver the venom (spines, pedicellaria, tentacles). | | | Delayed sequelae include chronic pain, granuloma formation, wound tattooing, and secondary infection. | | | General rules of therapy include prompt analgesia, wound management, and observation for and supportive treatment of significant systemic symptoms. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic158.htm
(6051 words)
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| | Echinoderm References |
| | Ophiuroids flagrante delicto and notes on the spawning behavior of other echinoderms in their natural habitat. | | | A study of the gastropod Cassis tuberosa (L.) preying upon sea urchins. | | | A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy 5, no. 3: 139-58. |
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http://www.nhm.org/guana/bvi-invt/bvi-surv/ref-echi.htm
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| | The Metazoa |
| | And it further ignores the unquestionable fact, admirably brought out by the same excellent observe's recent investigations into the development of Balanoglossus, that the Echinopoedium is almost identical in structure with young of animals, such as the Gephyrea and Enteropneusta, which are in no sense radiate, but are, eminently, bilaterally symmetrical. | | | Alex Agassiz, who also regarded it as an unquestionable Echinoderm larva; and it is only recently that it has been proved, partly by Metschnikoff and partly by Aggasiz himself, to be the larval form of Balanoglossus. | | | Moreover, his observations on other Echinodermata show that essentially the same process development of the peritoneal cavity occurs in Ophiuridoe, Echinidoe, and Holothuridoe. |
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http://www.1902-encyclopedia.com/A/ANI/animal-kingdom-3.html
(3268 words)
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| | Echinoderm |
| | Predators, detritus feeders, filter feeders, herbivores • Some are keystone species (exerting a disproportiante effect on their ecostystem's structure through their predation) • Humans use echinoderms as food, as a source of medicines, and as research subjects in developemental biology. | | | "Echinoderms are truly strange animals because none of them has a head, or eyes, or other kinds of things we associate with animals. | | | All are built on a five-sided body plan, probably most obvious in the gorgeous starfish that you see in front of you. |
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http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/hall_tour/spectrum/16.html
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| | Gallery of Echinoderm Larvae |
| | This means that echinoderms are more related to us humans than you might think. | | | In fact the kingdom of animals can be separated by this stage in the larval development into two groups, the deuterostomes and the protostomes (mouth first). | | | Since all these gastrulas look alike it is not yet possible to determine whether this is becoming a starfish, sea-urchin of other echinoderm. |
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http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul00/echino3.html
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| | Sumrall - Stereom |
| | Typically, these plates articulate to each other with soft connective tissue that rapidly decomposes upon the death of the animal. | | | To this end, I am currently examining stereom in several extinct echinoderm lineages to reconstruct the soft tissue structure and reconstruct the organism's functional morphology. | | | The skeleton of an echinoderm is made from tens to tens of thousands of individual ossicles (typically called plates), each a single crystal of high magnesium calcite. |
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http://geoweb.gg.utk.edu/Faculty/sumrall/research4.htm
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| | Developmental Biology Online: alt.evodevo: Reticulate Evolution and Sequential Chimeras |
| | 73) concludes, "I hold that all the evidence is consistent with regarding the [echinoderm] phylum as having evolved from radially symmetrical, schizocoelous protostomes, with, in most cases, the later insertion of a bilaterally symmetrical, enterocoelous, deuterostomatous, larval phase." | | | Similarly, most echinoderms are deuterostomes that form their coelom in an enterocoelous fashion. | | | He postulates, for example, that the echinoderms were direct developers who had established their radial symmetry prior to their obtaining larva. |
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http://7e.devbio.com/article.php?ch=23&id=228
(1545 words)
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| | echinoderm study guide b1 |
| | Clams are the basic food for what echinoderm? | | | Tube feet are part of what echinoderm system? | | | The blastopore becomes the anus in what type of organism? |
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http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/echinoderm_study_guide_b1.htm
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| | Oceanlink marine sciences education and fun |
| | This system is important for many body functions, such as respiration, digestion, circulation and locomotion. | | | The feet do not have any muscles, and instead are controlled by hydraulics. | | | The skeleton is composed of spiny, calcareous ossicles, and is found under the skin - so echinoderms have an "endoskeleton" just like us! |
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http://oceanlink.island.net/oinfo/intertidal/echino.html
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| | Introduction to the Echinodermata |
| | These and many other organisms, living and extinct, make up the Echinodermata, the largest phylum to lack any freshwater or land representatives. | | | Echinoderms have a system of internal water-filled canals, which in many echinoderms form suckered "tube feet", with which the animal may move or grip objects. | | | Images and information about various living California echinoderms are available through the DELTA Project of the California State University system. |
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinodermata.html
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| | ECHINODERM-L archives -- August 2000 (#8) |
| | Unfortunately, I do not have direct information on expeditions to Thailand, but I would be able to recognize Dr. Mortensen from a photo. | | | I have been reveiwing the > history of Eechinoderm studies in Thailand. | | | The First PMBC/DANIDA Training Course and Workshop on Echinoderms, 1987. |
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http://listserv.nic.museum/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0008&L=echinoderm-l&F=&S=&P=757
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| | LATE DEVONIAN CONTROLS ON POST-EXTINCTION REBOUND AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC RADIATION: EVIDENCE FROM ECHINODERMS |
| | From a biogeographic perspective, Laurasian faunas from China and Western Europe have many genera in common, but Gondwanan faunas do not. | | | We interpret the paucity of Late Devonian echinoderm faunas in North American and western Europe as the result of a tectonic megabias because Famennian echinoderm faunas are diverse and widely distributed in an array of tropical shallow-marine environments not affected by tectonically-driven siliciclastic sedimentation. | | | Climatic instability and/or meteorite impacts are commonly cited triggers for the events, but we believe that tropical mountain building and resulting sedimentation played a major role in defining biogeographic patterns of extinction and rebound of turbidity-sensitive tropical communities. |
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http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_21227.htm
(374 words)
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| | BM Gallery-Beauty is skin deep; echinoderm surface detail |
| | Please feel free to link to this site - see our link-to buttons. | | | BM Gallery-Beauty is skin deep; echinoderm surface detail | | | All echinoderms posess a water-vascular system - a water-filled cirdulatory system in delicate balance with the surroundinng sea water. |
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http://ebiomedia.com/gall/skin/skinmain.html
(355 words)
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| | Echinodermata.HTM |
| | The student will observe and described the behaviors of the organisms | | | The student will develop skills in drawing organisms. | | | The student will enter into the process of extending and refining knowledge about echinoderms |
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http://king.prps.k12.ca.us/prhs/pasohigh/classes/fairbank/public.www/homepage/biology/marine/echinode.htm
(453 words)
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| | links |
| | Also has a self test (for the really interested!) | | | The inner workings and research in the Department of Invertebrate Zoology at the USNM. | | | From the Oceanic Research Group, a good page on general echinoderm information. |
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http://home.att.net/~ophiuroid/html/links.html
(595 words)
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| | Oceanlink marine sciences education and fun |
| | BACK TO Starfish Reproduction - Received Nov.6/99 from Kelly in Wisconsin | | | This group of animals is grouped together based on their spiny skin (they are called echinoderms; echino=spiny; derm=skinned) and a symmetry based on five. | | | These animals are collectively called "Echinoderms", which literally means "spiny skin". |
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http://www.oceanlink.island.net/ask/echino.html
(8902 words)
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| | Fossil Gallery - Fossil Pictures |
| | Pseudoarctolepis sharpi Phyllocarid in unusual dorsal view showing stabilizing arms. | | | Echinoderm, unusual dorsal view, Spence Shale, Cambrian, High Creek Canyon, Bear River Range, Cache Co., Utah | | | Echinoderm, Spence Shale, Cambrian, High Creek Canyon, Bear River Range, Cache Co., Utah |
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http://www.geo-tools.com/fossils.htm
(465 words)
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| | Echinoderm |
| | The hard, spiny skin of an echinoderm is called an exoskeleton. | | | Embryological evidence suggests that the echinoderms are closely related to the | | | In some echinoderms, respiration and waste removal are performed by skin gills. |
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http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/echinoderm.htm
(346 words)
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| | Search Results for echinoderm - Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The echinoderms are characterized by a calcareous exoskeleton, which may be a rigid armour, as in echinoids (sea urchins), or of a leathery consistency, as in holothurians (sea cucumbers). | | | Relationships among the living classes of echinoderms have been the subject of debate for many decades. | | | Includes a visitors guide and information on research and education programs. |
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http://www.britannica.com/search?query=echinoderm&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT
(433 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The negative spectrum of collagen is not presented here; instead the echinoderm spectrum is compared to the negative spectrum of the heparin sample (Figure 5). | | | The negative spectrum of the echinoderm extract is shown in Figure 4. | | | Samples were prepared for analysis in the Chemical Microscope by placing a dilute solution of the proteoglycan extract on to a silver foil pre-etched in nitric acid. |
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http://www.microphotonics.com/AppL.html
(699 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Echinoderms also have muscles attached to the podia, which they can use to retract the podia. | | | Echinoderms are characterized by a water vascular system with tube feet and radial symmetry. | | | This system of expansion by forcing water into the podia and then contraction by muscle allows echinoderms to move. |
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http://www.science-teachers.com/life/Echinoderms.doc
(1386 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | But the wisdom of our ancestors is in the simile; echinoderm xenon caltrop. | | | I don't mean to say that I know, of my own knowledge, what there is particularly echinoderm xenon caltrop. | | | I might have been inclined, myself, to regard a echinoderm xenon caltrop. |
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http://www.holiday-central.net/xc8.html
(296 words)
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| | Echinoderm Online Coloring - EnchantedLearning.com |
| | The word echinoderm means "spiny skin." No echinoderms are found in fresh water. | | | These slow-moving creatures have a water-vascular system (a rudimentary circulatory system), water-filled channels that go through the body. | | | Echinoderms are armored animals that have a hard exoskeleton made of interlocking calcium carbonate plates and spines. |
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http://www.enchantedlearning.com/painting/echinoderms.shtml
(342 words)
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| | Morphology of Echinodermata |
| | Pedicellaria are small, snapper-like skeletal elements that are used by the echinoderm to keep small organisms from settling on its body. | | | Nervous and sensory systems are generally poorly developed in echinoderms. | | | Between the skeletal plates, a number of special structures protrude, with which the echinoderm breathes, moves, and defends itself. |
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinomm.html
(297 words)
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| | echinoderm |
| | Echinoderms have a water-vascular system which transports substances around the body. | | | Echinoderms generally move by using tube-feet, small water-filled sacs that can be protruded or pulled back to the body. | | | The skeleton is external, made of a series of limy plates. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0007914.html
(279 words)
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| | Echinoderm Teaching Resources, Worksheets, and Activities |
| | This echinoderm wordsearch covers the basic concepts of echinoderms without listing the scientific names. | | | Same echinoderm wordsearch as above but it also includes the main classes such as stelleroid, echinoid, holothuroid, and crinoid. | | | This echinoderm crossword is a great review for the echinoderm unit above. |
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http://www.science-teachers.com/echinoderms.htm
(94 words)
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| | Echinoderm showcase |
| | The echinoderms and the chordates probably share a common ancestor, and that the carpoids, which are now extinct, were the link. | | | Attached forms have both the mouth and the anus on the upper surface, close to each other. | | | Most of these are carnivorous and swallow their pry whole. |
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http://www.toyen.uio.no/palmus/galleri/montre/english/m_pigghud1_e.htm
(230 words)
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| | A Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate From Echinoderm Modulates in Vitro Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-Dependent Angiogenesis ... |
| | the possible beneficial effect of this echinoderm glycosaminoglycan | | | feature of the echinoderm chondroitin sulfate, are the structural | | | Tapon-Bretaudière, J., Drouet, B., Matou, S., Mourão, P. S., Bros, A., and Fischer, A. Modulation of vascular human endothelial and rat smooth muscle cell growth by a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from echinoderm. |
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http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/1/2/96
(3911 words)
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| | Nearctica - Natural History - Echinodermata |
| | This site has links to other echinoderm resources on the web. | | | Information about both living and fossil echinoderms including material about their life histories, ecology, systematics, morphology and fossil record. | | | Photographs and information are given for many of the species. |
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http://www.nearctica.com/nathist/echino/echino.htm
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| | PALEONTOLOGICAL TOPIARY: THE NORTH AMERICAN EARLY CAMBRIAN ECHINODERM TREE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION ... |
| | Class Edrioasteroidea, represented in the Early Cambrian by Camptostroma roddyi and Stromatocystites walcotti, is a polyphyletic group. | | | Competition from non-echinoderm taxa that occupied echinoderm morphospace may explain why some Early and Middle Cambrian faunas lack echinoderms. | | | New research relevant to the generation of an Early Cambrian echinoderm tree justifies a reduction in number of helicoplacoid species from nine to two. |
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http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_92898.htm
(491 words)
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| | Gallery of Echinoderm larvae |
| | This portrait gallery will introduce you to some of the most common types of larvae of echinoderms. | | | But not many people know that their larvae don't resemble their parents at all. | | | This gallery will also give you links to several Micscape articles about related subjects. |
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http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul00/echino.html
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| | Echinodermata Lecture 2 |
| | Fig 13 Body wall of a typical echinoderm. | | | Fig 18.5 Echinoderm epidermis showing its basiepithelial nerve plaxus (Ruppert/Barnes, 1994). | | | Regardless of any language implying the contrary, nothing within this home page constitutes, nor is intended to constitute, an offer, inducement, promise, or contract of any kind. |
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http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310echin-2Lec.html
(865 words)
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| | Natural Selection: subject gateway to the natural world |
| | This is a listserv for the discussion of echinoderms. | | | Separate sections examine different aspects of the taxonomy, feeding, physiology, anatomy and distribution of the group, with illustrations and references. | | | This site may appeal to a general audience and is also available in Chinese. |
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http://nature.ac.uk/browse/591.77.html
(10393 words)
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| | VLIZ library acquisitions 164/25 July 2003 |
| | Dewael, Y.; Mallefet, J. Effect of cholinergic drugs on the luminescence control of the ophiuroid Amphiura filiformis. | | | Pérez-Ruzafa, A.; Entrambasaguas, L.; García Chartón, J.-A. Spatial relationships of the echinoderm fauna of Cabo Verde islands: a multi-scale approach. | | | Chenuil, A.; Féral, J.P. Sequences of mitochondrial DNA suggest that Echinocardium cordatum is a complex of several sympatric or hybridizing species: a pilot study. |
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http://www.vliz.be/docs/libac/ac164.htm
(3180 words)
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| | VEN: Echinoderm world records! |
| | These "walk" on spines on level sediment rather than move using tubefeet. | | | Thanks to Ben Wigham, Yannick Dewael, Alexander Kerr, Jean-Pierre Feral and others who contributed to the thread! | | | Additional posts on the Echinoderm-L Listserv has led to a few more 'general' Echinoderm World Records. |
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http://www.nmnh.si.edu/iz/echinoderm/body_records.htm
(1168 words)
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| | 12th international echinoderm conference |
| | Durham, NH The 12th International Echinoderm meeting is a bi-annual scientific conference that provides a forum for hundreds of scientists and students to update colleagues on the latest echinoderm research developments. | | | This year the meeting will be held in the beautiful town of Durham, New Hampshire, USA and will bring together researchers from around the world for social and scientific interactions. |
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http://www.iec2006.unh.edu
(190 words)
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| | Sea urchin, Echinoderm (Paracentrotus lividus) Chemical Toxicity Studies |
| | Sea urchin, Echinoderm (Paracentrotus lividus) Toxicity Studies - Toxicology studies from the primary scientific literature on aquatic organisms | | | Home > Ecotoxicity Search > Echinoderms Organism Group Information | | | Note: Only partial study information is reported on these pages. |
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http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAll.jsp?Species=862
(196 words)
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