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| | All-Net ventricular septal defects |
 | | In this situation, the primary determinant of VSD shunt flow is the pulmonary vascular resistance. | | | These defects might not need surgical closure, as long as pulmonary resistance is normal and the amount of flow into the lungs is no greater than twice the systemic blood flow. | | | at certain times a "large" defect (anatomically one equal or greater than the diameter of the aorta) may not have much flow across it if the pulmonary vascular resistance (and right ventricular pressure) is high, as it is just after birth. |
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http://pedsccm.wustl.edu/All-Net/english/cardpage/operate/vsd/VSD-KUMC.html
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| | U-M CVC - Ventricular Septal Defect |
| | The natural history of isolated VSD was studied in 106 patients from infancy through puberty. | | | The term restrictive describes small defects that allow little or no blood to flow from the left side of the heart to the right side of the heart. | | | Care and services for patients with this problem are provided in the Congenital Heart and Cardiovascular Surgery clinics at the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor. |
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http://www.med.umich.edu/cvc/mchc/parven.htm
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| | Ventricular Septal Defect, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center |
| | This process is slow and usually takes about 2-4 weeks for the pressure in the lungs to stabilize at the normal level of about 1/3 of the blood pressure in the aorta. | | | A chest X-ray can also help follow the progression of congestive heart failure by looking at the size of the heart and the amount of blood flow to the lungs. | | | Before birth, the pressure on the right side of the heart is equal to pressure on the left side of the heart. |
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http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/heart-encyclopedia/anomalies/vsd.htm
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| | Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital |
| | Your child's VSD may be repaired surgically in the operating room or by a cardiac catheterization procedure. | | | During the first several hours after surgery, your child will most likely be drowsy from the anesthesia that was used during the operation, and from medications given to relax him/her and to help with pain. | | | Most ventricular septal defects occur sporadically (by chance), with no clear reason for their development. |
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http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/cardiac/vsd.html
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| | Atrial Septal Defects |
| | For ostium primum septal defects, surgery may be performed to repair or replace the atrioventricular valves. | | | More research is needed to determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of this surgical technology for the treatment of atrial septal defects. | | | Genetic counseling may be of benefit for some affected patients and their families. |
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http://hw.healthdialog.com/kbase/nord/nord138.htm
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| | Untitled |
| | The surgical correction of VSDs and ASDs usually involves an open-heart procedure, although certain types of ASDs may be closed non-invasively in the catherization laboratory. | | | This, of course, does not serve to minimize their severity: open-heart surgery is no walk through the park, and a defect significant enough to warrant invasive intervention will obviously cause problems for the affected individual if it is left untreated. | | | Hence, the fact that cardiothoracic surgeons consider the surgical repair of isolated septal defects as "run-of-the-mill" should come as no surprise. |
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http://www.suite101.com/print_article.cfm/6006/36740
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| | McCarthy KP, Ho SY, Anderson RH. Ventricular Septal Defects: Morphology of the |
| | Influence of surgery on aortic valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation in doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect. | | | Therefore, clarification of the morphology is the key to establishing the related risks for each particular defect. | | | Although we differ with regard to the definition of the “infundibulum”, the points of clinical significance made with relation to these defects are of considerable importance. |
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http://www.health.gov.mt/impaedcard/issue/issue4/0523/0523.htm
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| | Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) |
| | Repairing a ventricular septal defect with surgery usually restores the blood circulation to normal. | | | After a ventricular septal defect has been successfully repaired with surgery, your child may no longer need these antibiotics. | | | After surgery a child must be examined regularly by a pediatric cardiologist. |
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http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1306
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| | Atrial and ventricular septal defects (from cardiovascular disease) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | If atrial and ventricular septal defects require surgical closure, the patient's circulation must be supported by the heart-lung machine. | | | The term applies to abnormalities that arise during the development of the fetus, often within the first eight weeks after conception, when the embryo acquires its essential form (see Embryology). | | | Brief information on this medical condition, including short notes on its causes, symptoms, treatments, and prognosis. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-33637?tocId=33637
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| | Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD's) and Pregnancy |
| | Most are repaired in childhood if they don't close on their own, or if pulmonary hypertension (high pressure in the lungs that prevent blood flow into the lungs for reoxygenation) develops. | | | Also, your baby will be monitored via ultrasound to evaluate growth, including an assessment of the heart structures. | | | VSDs can occur as isolated problems or along with other congenital heart disorders such as tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, or coarctation of the aorta. |
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http://www.webmd.com/content/article/4/1680_51815.htm
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Ventricular septal defect |
| | These babies are often have symptoms related to the problem and may need medicine or surgery to close the hole. | | | With congestive heart failure, medications, such as digitalis (digoxin) and diuretics, may be prescribed to control symptoms. | | | Treating a VSD that does not have symptoms is controversial, and should be carefully discussed with your health care provider. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001099.htm
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| | Ventricular Septal Defect |
| | Home : Programs and Clinics : Programs and Clinics : List of Programs and Clinics : Herma Heart Center : For Professionals : Resource materials : Surgical Reference Book : Ventricular Septal Defect | | | When surgical intervention is delayed in patients with non-restrictive VSD, long-standing pulmonary artery hypertension can result in a more complex postoperative course. | | | The amount of left to right shunting of blood in patients with ventricular septal defect depends upon the size of the defect, the ventricular pressure differential and the relative resistances of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. |
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http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/DocID/1373/router.asp
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| | HeartPoint: Ventricular Septal Defect |
| | Many, but not all that remain will require surgery. | | | If a substantial size defect is not corrected, then the pressures in the pulmonary arteries may become very high and induce changes in the arteries themselves such that even closure of the defect will no longer improve the patient. | | | Like ASD’s, the size and therefore the clinical course of these defects is quite variable. |
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http://www.heartpoint.com/congvsd.html
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| | Merck Vet. Edition - Ventricular Septal Defects |
| | Ventricular septal defects may occur with other congenital cardiac anomalies. | | | Defects of the muscular septum may also occur. | | | Ventricular septal defects are most commonly located in the membranous portion (subaortal) of the septum, near the level of the atrioventricular valves. |
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http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/htm/bc/11108.htm
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| | Virtual Children's Hospital: Paediapaedia: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) |
| | The incidence of congenital heart disease is 0.7-1% of all live births, with VSD being the most common congenital heart disease, accounting for 20-25% of all CHD. | | | The amount of hemodynamic disturbance associated with a VSD depends on the size of the VSD and the pulmonary vascular resistance. | | | Eisenmenger's physiology is when the pulmonary vascular resistance exceeds the systemic resistance and there is a reversal of a left to right shunt to a right to left shunt. |
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http://www.vh.org/pediatric/provider/radiology/PAP/CVDiseases/VSD.html
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| | Congenital Heart Disease: Septal Defects |
| | If the VSD does not close on its own and begins to cause symptoms, surgery is needed to patch the hole. | | | About 10 percent of people with VSD develop Eisenmenger’s Syndrome | | | Small VSDs cause few symptoms, even into adulthood. |
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http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/congenital/septal.htm
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| | Ventricular septal defects |
| | Isolated VSD (not associated with other defects, as in the tetralogy of Fallot, for example) have been categorized as follows: | | | A genetic component has been implicated, as an increased incidence of VSD has been observed in both Asian populations and progeny of patients having a VSD themselves. | | | These are also referred to as supracristal, conal or infundibular VSD. |
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http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/embryology/cvs/anom_vsd.html
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