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| | XI. Splanchnology. 3. The Urogenital Apparatus. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. |
 | | The urogenital apparatus consists of (a) the urinary organs for the secretion and discharge of the urine, and (b) the genital organs, which are concerned with the process of reproduction. | | | The genital swellings extend around between the pelvic portion and the anus, and form a scrotal area; during the changes associated with the descent of the testes this area is drawn out to form the scrotal sacs. | | | These buds become tubular, and form the glandular substance of the two lobes, which ultimately meet and fuse behind the urethra and also extend on to its ventral aspect. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/107/252.html
(3757 words)
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| | Endotext.com - Pediatric Endocrinology, Sexual Differentiation |
| | This isoenzyme is expressed in fetal genital skin and in the urogenital sinus from early fetal development (257). | | | The urogenital sinus is individualized in 7-9 mm (~5 week) human embryos, when a transverse urorectal septum divides the cloaca into the rectum dorsally and the primitive urogenital sinus ventrally, closed by the genital membrane which disappears in 20-22 mm (~8 week) embryos (167). |
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http://www.endotext.org/pediatrics/pediatrics7/pediatrics7_2.htm
(5050 words)
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| | eMedicine - Genital Anomalies : Article by Luigi Avolio, MD |
| | After the cloacal septum separates the hindgut from the urogenital sinus, the fused caudal ends of the müllerian ducts form the müllerian tubercle as they come in contact with the posterior aspect of the sinus. | | | A genitogram, with retrograde injection of contrast material, is useful to delineate the anatomical aspects of the sinus and to clarify the relationship between the vagina and urethra. | | | Simple urogenital sinus is defined as a common channel into which genital and urinary tracts both open. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2798.htm
(5662 words)
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Hemiazygous vein/coronary sinus structure -- One of the most notable differences of pigs from humans is in the veins that drain the posterior chest wall. | | | In the pig, one could say that the animal has a very large coronary sinus because it drains the hemiazygous vein as well as the chest wall. | | | Consequently, in humans the urethra and vagina have separate external openings. |
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http://www.goshen.edu/bio/PigBook/humanpigcomparison.html
(1053 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The sinus tubercle arises from the projection of the uterovaginal primordium (the fused portion of the paramesonephric ducts) into the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus. | | | The urogenital folds fuse and form the ventral surface of the penis in the male and form the labia minora in the female. | | | The labialscrotal folds fuse posteriorly to form the posterior labial commissure and anteriorly to form the anterior labial commissure and the mons pubis. |
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http://www.kumc.edu/research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/em16.wbc
(3605 words)
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| | Urogenital System |
| | *the urogenital sinus is formed by the confluence of the urinary and genital ducts | | | The urinary ducts (U) and genital funnels open at the urogenital papilla. | | | *the genital ducts (oviduct and archinephric duct) enter the urogenital sinus |
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http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/30urogenitalLec.html
(1849 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The early development of the urinary (excretory) and genital (reproductive) systems are closely associated. | | | the mesonephric duct originally represents a common pathway of the urinary and reproductive systems into the urogenital sinus of the male | | | Internal and external urachal sinuses may also occur in a similar fashion to internal and external branchial sinuses. |
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http://www.kumc.edu/research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/em15.wbc
(2756 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Finally, the urogenital sinus contributes to this system as mentioned before—part of the penile urethra or the vestibule of the vagina. | | | As mentioned earlier the two paramesonephric ducts come together and fuse into the structure called the uterovaginal primordium. | | | The labioscrotal swellings lateral to the folds will become the scrotum (if fused) or the labia majora (if unfused). |
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http://www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/som/students/2003/Lectures/emb09.doc
(2645 words)
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| | Sinus Medication -- Recommendations and Resources |
| | Sinus Meridiani consequently became also known as ''Terra Meridiani'', or "Meridian Land", or as ''Meridiani Planum'', the "Meridian Plateau". | | | The term is applied to a large number and variety of structures in the human body, such as:- | | | The urogenital sinus (also known as the persistent cloaca) is a part of the human body while it is an embryo. |
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http://www.becomingapediatrician.com/health/133/sinus-medication.html
(641 words)
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| | Dahiya Grant Abstracts |
| | Alpha actin is widely expressed throughout urogenital sinus mesenchyme of the developing rat fetus. | | | The urogenital sinus and prostates from rats from 14 days of gestation through birth, and then at 5, 10, 15 and 90 days postnatal have been examined for smooth muscle markers. | | | We have examined smooth muscle differentiation in recombination of rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme with a variety of prostatic epithelial cell lines have been examined. |
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http://www.sf.med.va.gov/research/PIs/dahiyaga.htm
(2667 words)
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| | Text for Urogential Development |
| | The fused portion, the uterovaginal canal bedomes the uterus and the upper 1/3 of the vagina. | | | The labi-scrotal swellings enlarge and fuse to form the scrotum. | | | The pronephric duct does not function, but plays an important role in the development of the urogenital system in that it will induce the development of the next kidney to form - the mesonephric kidney. |
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http://isc.temple.edu/marino/embryology/Kidney98/kidney_text.htm
(1989 words)
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| | Development of the Urogenital System |
| | The urinary and genital systems have a common developmental route beginning from the urogenital ridge which comes from intermediate mesoderm. | | | On both sides the urogenital ridge becomes the nephrogenic cord/ridge and the gonadal/genital ridge which will develop into the urinary and genital systems respectively. | | | The paramesonephric duct and the urogenital sinus are separated by the hymen which ruptures during development. |
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http://rossmed.drbuschman.com/notes/semesterone/urodev.htm
(1755 words)
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| | Urogenetial_Nervous |
| | The final region of the brain, the myelencephalon, consists of the auricles and brain stem, or medulla oblongata, which is continuous with the spinal cord. | | | Depending on the availability and maturity of the specimens, some anatomic features may be omitted from this exercise. | | | The urogenital and nervous systems are the last systems to be examined in the shark. |
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http://core.ecu.edu/biol/singhasc/Urogenetial_Nervous.htm
(500 words)
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| | UNSW Embryology- Development of the Reproductive System |
| | Study the late stage 22 male embryo urogenital region and identify mesonephric duct, paramesonephric duct, genital tubercle, scrotal swellings. | | | Study the early stage 13/14 embryo urogenital region and identify mesonephric duct, genital ridge. | | | Study the early female fetal (week 10) urogenital region and identify paramesonephric duct, mesonephric duct,, ovary, developing uterus/vagina, genital tubercle. |
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http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/notes/genital.htm
(296 words)
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| | eMedicine - Pediatric Urologic Gynecology : Article by Andrew J Kirsch, MD, FAAP, FACS |
| | This may not be readily apparent unless the urethra is not observed during attempts at catheterization. | | | Conservative measures to improve sphincteric function are limited, and a surgical approach is needed. | | | Incompetence of the bladder neck may result in primary urinary incontinence and is observed in conditions such as female epispadias, urogenital sinus, bilateral ureteral ectopia, and ectopic ureteroceles. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2918.htm
(4116 words)
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| | lab10.html |
| | Describe the development of the partitions of the heart responsible for fetal blood circulation within the heart. | | | How does the urogenital sinus form and what does it become? | | | Trace the path of blood by naming the vessels of the venous system from the gut at the level of the liver through the liver and to the sinus venosus. |
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http://www.msu.edu/~kopachik/zol320/website/notes/stdgds/lab/lab10.html
(125 words)
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| | Dogfish Sharks and Humans 1 |
| | The hypothesis was proven with most of the differences being in the respiratory system and most of the similarities being in the digestive, circulatory, and urogenital systems. | | | The researcher believed that there would be similarities in the digestive, circulatory, and urogenital systems. | | | The purpose of this lab was to study the differences and similarities of the circulatory systems, digestive systems, urogenital and/or reproductive systems, and the respiratory systems of the dogfish sharks and humans. |
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http://www.parlorcity.com/preceptor/rm118/ethrch/2001-2/lab302.htm
(2507 words)
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| | PHSL 570Q: Fetal Differentiation of Reproduction |
| | Müllerian duct eventually fuses caudally with urogenital sinus E. Degeneration of Progenitor organs 1. | | | Cells of Wolffian duct fuse with Müllerian duct cells a. | | | The mechanism of action is Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) Steps: a. |
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http://www.siu.edu/departments/coagr/animal/tw3a/public_html/570qfet.htm
(832 words)
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| | Pediatric Urology - Genitoplasty |
| | The Mullerian ducts continue to grow inferiorly, until they juxtapose the caudal portion of the Wolffian ducts at which point they fuse. | | | The primitive hindgut or cloaca is the precursor of the urogenital sinus and the dorsal hindgut. | | | Treatment of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia presents a complex clinical situation that requires a multi-disciplinary approach. |
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http://www.cornellurology.com/uro/cornell/pediatrics/genitoplasty.shtml
(2838 words)
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| | 322reprooutln |
| | The cloacal opening, or vent, receives intestine and urogenital structures in all vertebrates except placental mammals. | | | Urogenital sinus and Rectum in placental mammals except primates and rodents | | | Vagina, a cloacal derivative, empties into the urogenital sinus in most placental mammals |
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http://clem.mscd.edu/~haysc/public_html/bio322/322reprooutln.htm
(131 words)
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| | Indian Pediatrics - Editorial |
| | In the 6th week of intrauterine development the urorectal septum fuses with the cloacal membrane, dividing the cloacal cavity into a urogenital sinus anteriorly and a rectum posteriorly. | | | The urorectal septum malformation sequence occurs when the urogenital septum fails to unite with the cloacal membrane; the absence of a proper urogenital sinus thus blocks subsequent development of normal external genitalia. | | | There is striking ambiguity of the external genitalia; the vaginal, urethral and anal openings are absent; vaginal, bladder and rectal fistulae are common. |
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http://www.indianpediatrics.net/nov2001/nov-1317.htm
(265 words)
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| | Pelvic Embryology Questions |
| | urorectal septum (perineal body) anterior- urogenital sinus posterior- anorectal sinus imperforate anus | | | During the growth of the ug sinus what two ductile structures are reabsorbed into the posterior-lateral wall? | | | Which one will be where the external genitalia develop? |
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http://condor.bcm.tmc.edu/~dd037020/grunk.html
(1322 words)
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| | GYNEL: Embryology and Normal Anatomy |
| | At their caudal portion these paired ducts fuse medially and meet the urogenital sinus located caudally. | | | The mesoderm of the urogenital ridge becomes the stroma and surface epithelium of the ovary. | | | The lectures, outline, and laboratories will highlight, illustrate and reinforce the information in this chapter. |
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http://www.uvm.edu/~jkessler/GYN/GYNEL/normanat.htm
(146 words)
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| | UNSW Embryo-Kidney and Reproduction WWW Links |
| | Figure 10-9 Development of the Primitive Urogenital Sinus | | | these are clinical studies related to urogenital abnormalities. | | | Note that all internet links change with time if link does not work use text shown to search WWW. |
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http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/urogenlink.htm
(337 words)
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| | TheFetus.net - Persistent urogenital sinus-Adrian Clavelli, MD, Horacio Ahielo, MD, L. Otaño, MD and E. Watman, MD |
| | TheFetus.net - Persistent urogenital sinus-Adrian Clavelli, MD, Horacio Ahielo, MD, L. Otaño, MD and E. Watman, MD Articles | | | Hydrometrocolpos following prenatal dexamethasone treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia has also been described (2,3). | | | The case is an urogenital sinus with the uretra going into the anterior aspect of the vagina. |
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http://www.thefetus.net/page.php?id=1275
(507 words)
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| | Case Based Pediatrics Chapter |
| | All patients have a urogenital sinus, and in most cases, a uterus is present. | | | Areolar and labioscrotal hyperpigmentation associated with high levels of ACTH suggest congenital adrenal hyperplasia. | | | The position of the urethral meatus helps to determine the extent to which the urogenital sinus has closed (a separate urethral meatus and vaginal opening shows complete closure of the urogenital sinus while a single orifice suggests the persistence of a common urogenital sinus with the vagina and urethra connected distally). |
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http://www.hawaii.edu/medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s13c11.html
(3853 words)
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| | Gynecology - Vaginal Discharge |
| | The urethra and vagina may communicate anywhere between the bladder neck and the urogenital sinus and the deformity may exist as part of an intersexual state or it may be an isolated finding. | | | Persistent urogenital sinus, in which the urethra and vagina share a single external orifice, is apparent at birth and may exist in various anatomical forms. | | | The most complex urogenital sinus deformity is a cloaca, in which a common canal is shared by the urethra, vagina and the rectum. |
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http://www.learnpediatrics.com/genitourinary/gynGenitalia.htm
(1203 words)
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| | Dr. Schilling's Net Health Book - Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (=CAH) |
| | When the fetus develops and leads to a phallus-like structure in the area of the clitoris, but it is smaller than a penis.There is an opening at the base of this phallus, which is the original fetal urogenital sinus. |
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http://www.nethealthbook.com/congenitaladrenalhyperplasia.html
(342 words)
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| | Urinary System |
| | urogenital sinus, which is continuous with the allantois. | | | The urogenital system arises during the fourth week of development from | | | nephrogenic ridge is the part of the urogenital ridge that forms the urinary system. |
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http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/M1/embryology/embryo/11urinarysystem.htm
(392 words)
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| | Re: What adaptive purpose does the hymen serve? |
| | During the development of the uterus and vagina, these organs are separated from the urogenital sinus by an epithelial plug which eventually thins and perforates to form the hymen. | | | The hymen is simply the vestigial membranes of the vagina and urogenital sinus at their point of fusion. | | | At their posterior end, the Müllerian Ducts do not open into the urogenital sinus, but rather they form a tubercle at the presumptive opening of the vagina. |
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http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1997-08/866064393.An.r.html
(277 words)
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| | Template |
| | The urogenital sinus is the common passageway for excretory (urethra) and reproductive systems (vagina). | | | The posterior end of the urogenital sinus is the urogenital opening. |
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http://staff.uwsuper.edu/Zoology/Tutorial/Pig/Urogenital_Sinus_Detail~1.htm
(25 words)
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| | Endotext.com - BENIGN PROSTATE DISORDERS |
| | Reciprocally, the developing prostatic epithelium induces the differentiation and morphological patterning of smooth muscle in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme | | | In the prostate, it is traditional to consider androgens as promoters of growth, while activin and TGFbeta are regarded as potent growth inhibitors These factors do not act independently, however, and cross-talk occurs between the signalling pathways at a sub-cellular level | | | The first step in development of the prostate begins with the urogenital sinus mesenchyme signalling to the epithelium, causing it to form epithelial buds. |
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http://www.endotext.org/male/male9/male9.htm
(1041 words)
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| | Normal Bladder Development 2 |
| | As renal development proceeds, the common excretory duct is incorporated into the urogenital sinus. | | | The cephalad portion of the urogential sinus will become the bladder while the caudal portion will become the urethra. | | | The urogenital sinus is divided between the orifices of these two tubes. |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/urology/bnldevb.htm
(171 words)
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| | Normal Ureter Development |
| | As the mesonephric duct and ureter are absorbed into the base of the bladder, they rotate so that the ureter meets the bladder cephalad to the point at which the mesonephric duct meets the urethra. | | | At the point where the ureter joins the urogenital sinus, a thin membrane (Chawalla's membrane) develops which separates the two lumens. | | | This membrane then ruptures allowing passage of fetal urine into the urogenital sinus. |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/urology/nlurtdv.htm
(419 words)
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| | ZOO. 453 - Mammalian Urogenital Sys. Photos |
| | The liver is the large grey mass in the mid-ventral part of the body. | | | Below that, is the common exit for urinary and reproductive systems the urigenital sinus. | | | Part of the vagina is cut open on the left. |
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http://courses.washington.edu/vertebra/453/photos/urogenital_photos/mammal_urogenital_photos.htm
(529 words)
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| | UG sinus anomaly |
| | This was catheterized (it was the UG sinus) and the catheter went into the vagina. | | | At the time of catheterization for VCUG, it was not realized there was only one interlabial orifice. | | | She underwent bladder neck reconstruction, separation of the vagina from the urethra-UG sinus, and the vagina was pulled down to the perineum. |
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http://www.duj.com/PUR/PUR11.html
(119 words)
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| | Nature Clinical Practice Urology Genital ambiguity and urogenital sinus anomalies: a new classification |
| | Since the 1950s, pediatric urologists have used Prader's classification to describe cases of genital ambiguity, and have generally characterized urogenital sinus anomalies based on 'high' or 'low' urogenital confluence. | | | This article has no abstract so we have provided the first paragraph of the full text. | | | Rink and colleagues have recently proposed a new system—termed PVE classification—which aims to provide more accurate descriptions of these highly variable abnormalities. |
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http://www.nature.com/ncpuro/journal/v2/n4/full/ncpuro0161.html
(180 words)
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| | Gail S. Prins, PhD, Primary Investigator |
| | Little is known about potential problems that may arise in DES-exposed sons but it is important to note that the prostate gland and vagina arise from the same structure embryologically (urogenital sinus). | | | Sons exposed in utero to DES between 1950 and 1970 are just now entering the age of "natural" prostatic disease and it will be of clinical importance to determine whether their disease profile is different or more aggressive. | | | It was found in 1971 that daughters of DES-exposed mothers had a higher incidence of vaginal carcinoma and its use was discontinued. |
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http://www.uic.edu/labs/prins/Gail.htm
(1918 words)
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| | Characterization of fetal urogenital sinus-induced prostatic hyperplasia in the mouse: time course, hormonal ... |
| | Mouse prostatic hyperplasia can be induced experimentally by the direct implantation of fetal urogenital sinus (UGS) or its mesenchyme (UGM) tissue in situ. | | | Characterization of fetal urogenital sinus-induced prostatic hyperplasia in the mouse: time course, hormonal requirement, age dependency, and responsiveness of various adult organs to growth induction by fetal urogenital sinus tissues. | | | This study characterized the time course, the requirement of sex steroids, and the optimal ages of donor and host tissues necessary to induce the maximal overgrowth of the adult mouse prostate gland in this model system. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_2462918.html
(319 words)
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| | Cloaca of the Bladder |
| | There has been failure in early fetal life of the urorectal septum to divide the rectum from the urogenital sinus. | | | •The abnormality results from failure of the urorectal septum to separate the primitive urogenital sinus from the hindgut., |
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http://radiology.uchc.edu/eAtlas/GU/292.htm
(134 words)
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| | Urogenital Embryo Terms |
| | Comments: Here is a list of terms for parts of the embyronic urogenital system, followed by a list of key derivatives. | | | Urorectal septum: ventral wall of rectum, perineal body, deep fascia, pelvic diaphragm | | | Urogenital opening: vaginal vestibule (F), spongy urethra (M) |
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http://mickey.utmem.edu/EMBRYO/ugderiv.html
(194 words)
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