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| | Medical Encyclopedia: Stress incontinence (Print Version) |
 | | The principle behind Kegel exercises is to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor, thereby improving the urethral sphincter function. | | | Additionally, the body must also be able to simultaneously relax the sphincter to allow the urine to pass out of the body. | | | Sphincter weakness may occur in men following prostate surgery or in women after pelvic surgery. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/print/ency/article/000891.htm
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| | glossary |
| | ISD may be due to congenital sphincter weakness, such as myelomeningocele or epispadias, or it may be acquired from prostate cancer treatments, trauma, radiation therapy, or spinal cord injury. | | | Artificial urinary sphincter: A mechanical device surgically implanted into the patient that consists of a cuff, placed around the bulbar urethra or bladder neck, a pressure-regulating balloon, and a pump. | | | This muscle is circular and acts like a valve, can relax or tighten to open or close the outlet of the bladder. |
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http://www.seekwellness.com/incontinence/glossary_of_incontinence_terms.htm
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| | Urinary Incontinence VM 552 SAM Urogenital System |
| | Patients with increase urethral tone are treated with sympathetic alpha-blocking agents or direct-acting smooth muscle relaxants to reduce activity of the internal urethral sphincter. | | | Smooth muscle of the urethra is contiguous with the detrusor muscle and is referred to as the internal urethral sphincter, although it is not a true anatomic sphincter. | | | The detrusor reflex is normal to hyperactive, and the urethral sphincters are hyperactive. |
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http://courses.vetmed.wsu.edu/vm552/urogenital/micturit.htm
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| | PERINEOLOGY.COM - The section of the prepubien in the treatment of urethral instability and urge incontinence |
| | The shortening of the sphincter zone is associated with the relaxation of the para-urethral striated sphincter. | | | During the pressure drops that characterize rapid urethral instability, three types of movements are observed: a shortening of the sphincter zone, an increase in the distance measured on the ultrasound image between the anterior vaginal wall and the symphysis pubica (in the absence of an abdominal push), and a prepubien contraction. | | | The best hypothesis would be that the prepubien section interrupts the connection between the bulbocavernosus muscles and the sphincter zone and thus suppresses the traction exerted on the sphincter, regardless of whether it is induced by levator relaxation. |
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http://www.perineology.com/files/prepubien.htm
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| | Excitability changes in sacral afferents innervating the urethra, perineum and hindlimb skin of the cat during ... |
| | The interneurones mediating urethral PAD are hypothesized to be accessed selectively by the micturition circuitry during voiding and are responsible for modulating transmission from the portion of urethral afferents that activate excitatory sphincter reflexes. | | | It is known that urethral afferents facilitate bladder reflexes as well as evoke sphincter reflexes (see Introduction) and, thus, variations in patterns of excitability in subgroups of these afferents might be expected. | | | The distinction between the urethral afferents and those in the dorsal penile or clitoral nerves is very important when one considers the differences in their actions on lower urinary tract reflexes. |
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http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/514/2/593
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| | Stone |
| | Artificial urinary sphincter erosion in cardiovascular surgical patients. | | | The sphincter mechanism is filled with isotonic contrast medium to prevent fluid loss through osmotic transfer across the silastic material, and to allow radiologic identification of any subsequent leaks. | | | Comparative study of the urinary external sphincter and periurethral levator muscle. |
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http://www.duj.com/Article/Stone/Stone.html
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| | neurogenic_bladder |
| | During this phase the external sphincter (striated muscle innervated by pudendal nerve) is also relaxed. | | | This is achieved by measurement of bladder and urethral function during storage and voiding with methods such as abdominal pressure and intravesical pressure measurements (the difference between them is detrusor pressure), urine volume and flow rate, urethral pressure and urethral length, EMG. | | | However, it appears that there is a sacral pathway for the inhibition of detrusor reflex activity, and electrical stimulation of the pudendal afferents has been used clinically to achieve this end. |
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http://www.thamburaj.com/neurobladder.htm
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| | Glazer/Romanzi/Polaneczky |
| | external anal sphincter or puborectalis) often referred to as sphincter dyssenergia in the external anal sphincter or paradoxical or nonrelaxing puborectalis in the puborectalis muscle. | | | However it has been demonstrated that this response does not occur if the individual does not sense rectal distension even when the distension produces internal anal sphincter relaxation, showing this to be a learned response (Whitehead, Orr, Engel and Schuster, 1981). | | | The ability on the part of the patient to voluntarily change the status of the measured response, that is in this case the ability of the patient to voluntarily contract and relax the external sphincters. |
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http://www.vulvodynia.com/dia_vv_ab6.htm
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| | Read the article |
| | The surgical objective in cases of hypermobility is to restore the sphincter unit to an appropriate retropubic position without obstruction, whereas the goal of surgery for ISD is to increase urethral coaptation and resistance. | | | Retropubic and needle suspension procedures produce a superior result to that of the anterior repair in "curing" UI and, therefore, are the two preferred techniques for the surgical treatment of urethral hypermobility. | | | On the other hand, cystometry may be falsely negative in a patient with a genuinely overactive bladder because of psychological inhibition of reflex activity or lack of measurable increase of detrusor pressure, which may be dissipated by poor urethral resistance and therefore must be examined closely. |
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http://www.rizvimd.com/article.htm
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| | The Medicare News Brief, 2000-9 |
| | Urethral pressure studies (CPT 51772) measure resting and dynamic pressures along the length of the urethra responsible for maintaining continence. | | | Electromyography studies (EMG) of anal or urethral sphincter, other than needle, any technique | | | Each of the urodynamic studies has benefits and limitations that must be respected for each specific clinical application. |
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http://www.empiremedicare.com/benenews/BRF00-9/uro.htm
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| | BioMed Central Full text Long-term result of Memokath urethral sphincter stent in spinal cord injury patients |
| | Memokath urethral sphincter stents are used to facilitate bladder emptying in patients with spinal cord injury, but long term follow-up has not been reported. | | | As we became aware of long-term complications of Memokath urethral sphincter stent, we stopped using Memokath stent in the Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport. | | | Soni BM, Vaidyanathan S, Krishnan KR: Use of Memokath, a second-generation urethral stent for relief of urinary retention in male spinal cored injured patients. |
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http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/2/12
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| | UACC |
| | As a result of this weakening the sphincter does not function normally regardless of the position of the bladder neck or urethra. The sphincter could be weakened by trauma, radiation and surgery. | | | It acts as the term suggests as a sling that provides support that has been lost by weakened pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter muscles. | | | Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency (ISD): Weakening of the urethra sphincter muscles. |
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http://www.urologyassociates.net/sling.htm
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| | Incontinence |
| | In a procedure known as an EMG, electrodes on the catheters measure the electrical activity of the muscle, allowing an evaluation of bladder, sphincter and urethral tone. | | | While the physiology of urination is complex, it can be viewed as the interplay between two basic neuromuscular components. | | | While the final tally of success using the new technique has not yet been determined, the preliminary results are very promising. |
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http://www.inkabijou.co.uk/incontinence.htm
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| | Male and Female Incontinence |
| | Although detrusor instability may be a reason for incontinence, external sphincter insufficiency seems to be the most important one. | | | For over a decade, the implantation of Macroplastique has improved the Quality of Life of many patients with this difficult to treat condition. | | | Disruption of the functional sphincter may affect the urethral closure pressure leading to incontinence. |
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http://www.uroplasty.com/MIS.asp
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| | PROF. DR AHMED SHAFIK RESEARCH & PUBLICATIONS REFLEXOLOGY |
| | A STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF EJACULATION WITH THE RECOGNI-TION OF 2 REFLEXES: The ‘GLANS-VASAL’ and ‘URETHRO-MUSCULAR’ | | | STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF VESICAL FILLING AND VOIDING ON URETEROVESICAL JUNCTIONS AND INTERNAL URETHRAL METUS: The “filling” and “meato-vesico-urethral” reflexes. | | | A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. |
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http://www.micainc.org/profshafika11.htm
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| | How does a normal bladder and urethral sphincter function? |
| | The sphincter (or "valve") muscles reside within the bladder neck and urethra. | | | The bladder should remain relaxed at all times until the patient desires to urinate. | | | When the patient’s bladder is full and she desires to void, the central nervous system facilitates relaxation of the urethral sphincter and contraction of the bladder. |
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http://www.vmmc.org/dbUrology/sec4045.htm
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| | external urethral sphincter - definition from Biology-Online.org |
| | Synonym: musculus sphincter urethrae, external urethral sphincter, Guthrie's muscle, musculus compressor urethrae, musculus constrictor urethrae, musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae, sphincter muscle of urethra, Wilson's muscle. | | | Origin, ramus of pubis ; insertion, with fellow in median raphe behind and in front of urethra ; action, constricts membranous urethra ; nerve supply, pudendal. |
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http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/external_urethral_sphincter
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| | Urethral Catheterization |
| | With the help of good lighting, visualize the urethral meatus. | | | Urethral catheterization is an extremely common hospital procedure that has therapeutic and diagnostic indications. | | | Urethral catheterization should not be attempted in a patient with suspected urethral disruption or severe urethral stricture. |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/medEd/Procedures/Foley_female.htm
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| | Urethral sphincter - Pictures |
| | Kegel exercises are a form of exercise intended to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. | | | Both sexes have at least two areas of muscle: the internal sphincter, or bladder neck; and the external, or distal, sphincter. | | | In mammals the flow of urine from the urinary bladder is controlled by a group of muscles collectively called the urethral sphincter, named for their proximity to the urethra. |
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http://www.greatestinfo.org/Urethral_sphincter
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| | Stress Urinary Incontinence |
| | Emerging research into the somatic innervation of the lower urinary tract suggests that both serotonin and norepinephrine act in the sacral spinal cord and play a key role in modulating contraction of the striated urethral sphincter to help maintain sufficient urethral closure. | | | Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) may result from insufficient urethral closure, which may be associated with urethral hypermobility and/or intrinsic sphincter deficiency (which may be caused by reduced activity of the pudendal nerve or impaired urethral wall function). | | | Also, in certain cases, some women may have a neurologic or anatomic predisposition to develop Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI). |
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http://sui.com/types/stress.jsp?reqNavId=1.1
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| | Urethral sphincter - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | noun : a striated sphincter muscle that constricts the urethra | | | Phrases that include Urethral sphincter : external urethral sphincter, internal urethral sphincter, preprostate urethral sphincter, proximal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter muscle, more... | | | Urethral sphincter : MedTerms.com Medical Dictionary [ home, info ] |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=Urethral+sphincter&ls=all
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| | Stress Incontinence - Injectables - UrologyChannel |
| | We subscribe to the HONcode principles of the Health On the Net Foundation | | | PTFE is not an approved treatment for incontinence in the United States because PTFE particles may migrate to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, brain, and lymph nodes. | | | After treatment, 9 out of 10 women experience improved continence. |
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http://uteruscancer.net/uro/incontinence2/stress/treatment_inj.shtml
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| | internal urethral sphincter - definition from Biology-Online.org |
| | Synonym: annulus urethralis, internal urethral sphincter, musculus sphincter vesicae, preprostate urethral sphincter, proximal urethral sphincter, sphincter muscle of urinary bladder. | | | There is not a comparable structure in the neck of the femoral bladder ; the internal urethral sphincter may exist to prevent reflux of semen into bladder. | | | The complete collar of smooth muscle cells of the neck of the urinary bladder which extend distally to surround the preprostatic sportion of the male urethra. |
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http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/internal_urethral_sphincter
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