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Topic: Upper limb


  
 Lab Manual - Shoulder & Superficial Upper Limb
The cutaneous nerves of the arm and chest are branches of ventral primary rami of the spinal nerves, as are all subsequent nerves of the upper limb.
Identify the posterior shoulder muscles and associated rotator cuff muscles.
Reflect deltoid muscle from acromion and spine of scapula.
http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/shoulder.html   (1650 words)

  
 St. Josephs Hospital - Programs & Services/Hand and Upper Limb Centre
The surgeons in the Hand and Upper Limb Centre are leaders in the development of limited invasive surgery techniques including arthroscopy of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, endoscopic release of the carpal tunnel, and other endoscopic-assisted surgery of the upper limb.
The professionals at the Hand and Upper Limb Centre are dedicated to treating Worker’s Compensation patients and returning them to their job as quickly as possible.
Finding better methods to manage these conditions is in everybody’s interest and the researchers at the Hand and Upper Limb Centre are continually looking at ways to improve the quality of life for all patients (For more information on Hand and Upper Limb Centre research, you may wish to visit our research website at: http://lriweb.sjhc.london.on.ca/musculo).
http://www.sjhc.london.on.ca/sjh/programs/hulc/hulc.htm   (549 words)

  
 Upper-limb function and recovery in the acute phase poststroke
Recovery of upper extremity function in stroke patients: the Copenhagen stroke study.
The results of the current study are in accordance with a study by Dean and Shepherd, who demonstrated that the improvement in the ability to use the ULs in a reaching task was linked to the improvement in the ability to use the affected leg for support and balance [12].
Compensation in recovery of upper extremity function after stroke: the Copenhagen stroke study.
http://www.vard.org/jour/05/42/1/higgins.html   (6753 words)

  
 UPPER LIMB
Excision of the upper end of the radius is only partially successful as the condition may be associated with other congenital defects like absence of supinator muscle.
Sprengel’s Shoulder is a condition where there is a congenital elevation of the scapula.
These patients need correction of the tibial and foot deformity and also procedures for equalizing the length of the limb.
http://www.bonetumour.org/book/APTEXT/chapter2/CH2_SUB4.html   (1002 words)

  
 eMedicine - Upper Limb Prosthetics : Article by Kevin Martinez, MD
Ideally, a patient who needs an upper extremity prosthesis should be seen by the rehabilitation team prior to the surgery.
Pain in the postoperative period must be distinguished between normal postoperative (ie, surgical) pain and phantom limb pain.
A second theory is that the spinal cord nerves begin excessive spontaneous firing in the absence of expected sensory input from the limb.
http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic174.htm   (2592 words)

  
 O&P Options: Upper Limb Replacement - by George Wiley
By learning how to use the flexor and extensor muscles in their residual limb, patients can achieve a fairly natural-looking opening and closing of the artificial hand because they are using muscle movements to control the device similar to those they would use to maneuver a real hand.
It is critical that patients are trained to use the prescribed limb replacement devices.
And the mechanical limb gives the patient better feedback on position, speed, and force of movement than two myoelectric devices.
http://www.orthopedictechreview.com/issues/augsep99/pg49.htm   (1733 words)

  
 Amazon.ca: Books: Management of Upper Limb Hypertonicity
Management of Upper Limb Hypertonicity provides a valuable method of clinical decision making to help physical therapists and occupational therapists assess the needs of their clients and choose the best possible interventions.
Therapists are encouraged to continue to critically evaluate their practice in response to ongoing research and expanding knowledge in the management of upper limb function in patients with neurological damage; this text can help health professionals provide an accountable and effective service to their clients today.
Kuipers include chapters on neurological damage and upper limb function, an introduction to the clinical reasoning approach, assessment, functional groupings, setting goals, interventions, retraining, splinting, casting, and surgery.
http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0761615296   (374 words)

  
 Mechanically Assisted Upper Limb Movement for Assessment and Therapy
Rehabilitation of upper limb dysfunction in chronic hemiplegia: Robot-assisted movements vs. conventional therapy.
This project studied the ability of a device (MIME) to assist limb movements and facilitate recovery of motor function in subjects with chronic hemiparesis due to stroke.
Mechanically Assisted Upper Limb Movement for Assessment and Therapy
http://guide.stanford.edu/Projects/2kprojects/stroke04.html   (474 words)

  
 Orthopaedic - Upper Limb Disorders in Musicians
The balance and stability of the shoulder girdle are of prime importance in musicians; it is the muscles of the shoulder girdle which support the weight of the upper limbs, and often the weight of the instrument.
We feel that relaxation techniques and intra-muscular injections of botulinum toxin may have an adjuvant role, but they should always be combined with a full programme of re-education, which is the basic treatment for dystonia.
Apart from nerve entrapment syndromes, there are few indications for surgery; and in hand conditions, more than anywhere else, stringent patient selection is a must.
http://www.maitrise-orthop.com/corpusmaitri/orthopaedic/mo69_limb_disorders/index.shtml   (4090 words)

  
 UPPER-LIMB PROSTHETICS: HUMERAL ROTATION MECHANISMS
This is also the case for most amputations through the distal third of the upper arm, though surgical procedures, such as the angulation osteotomy of the distal shaft of the humerus, may provide an alternative [Marquardt 1989].
While humeral rotation is useful to the person with a unilateral arm amputation, it is essential for the person with bilateral amputations [Wilson 1982].
For persons with intact arms, this motion is produced at the shoulder.
http://www.repoc.northwestern.edu/progress/jrrd.nidrr.9906.ul_hum_rot.html   (606 words)

  
 [No title]
The main finding of the study was that there was no difference in psychiatric morbidity between the groups, so they concluded that nonspecific upper limb disorder is no more psychiatric, psychological, behavioral, or related to personality than a similarly chronic and painful condition of known pathology.
A conceptual model for work related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders.
Secondary outcomes included a number of validated psychological self-rating scales and a separate measure of trunk and limb movements.
http://www.jrheum.com/01/7.html   (2011 words)

  
 Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health: Upper limb prostheses
The energy from the user's movement is transferred to the prosthesis by means of a stainless steel cable.
They must also learn how to care for the stump and how to prevent pressure sores.
Early fitting also helps control swelling and pain in the stump.
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gGENH/is_/ai_2699003818   (1415 words)

  
 Effect of Lesion Location on Upper Limb Motor Recovery After Stroke -- Shelton and Reding 32 (1): 107 -- Stroke
Forced use of the upper extremity in chronic stroke patients: results from a single-blind randomized clinical trial.
limb movements after stroke may also be influenced by lesion location.
associated with poor recovery of isolated upper limb movements.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/32/1/107   (4146 words)

  
 eMedicine - Upper Limb Orthotics : Article by Ramon S Lansang, Jr, MD
Upper extremity orthoses also are used frequently on patients who have had neurologic problems, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebral palsy (CP), spinal cord injury (SCI), and peripheral nerve injury.
Custom-made upper extremity orthoses may be fabricated by physical, occupational, and hand therapists, as well as orthotists.
Used to stabilize the thumb in opposition for 3-point chuck pinch in patients with peripheral nerve, cerebrovascular diseases, C5 level of SCI, and other upper motor neuron lesions
http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic171.htm   (1949 words)

  
 The State of the Art in Upper-Limb Prosthetics: Reflections from Respected Voices January 2003 The O&P EDGE ...
Atkins is an occupational therapist who has specialized in amputee rehabilitation for more than 25 yearswith special focus on rehabilitation of the upper-limb amputee.
Randall Alley, BSc, CP, FAAOP, is the head of Clinical Research and Business Development for the Hanger Prosthetics and Orthotics Upper Extremity Prosthetic Program.
Upper-Extremity Patient Care: Personal Visions - May 2003
http://www.oandp.com/edge/issues/articles/2003-01_01.asp   (2418 words)

  
 Upper-limb pain in long-term poliomyelitis -- Koh et al. 95 (6): 389 -- QJM
Sixty percent of patients with upper extremity pain
with an increased risk of pain in the upper limbs of our patients.
to shoulder subluxation and overuse of the upper extremities
http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/95/6/389   (2841 words)

  
 Prestige II - Ischemia of the Upper Right Limb
Following surgery, the patient condition was rated as good.
A clinical exam shows no pulse in the upper right limb.
The normal X-Ray exposures show clarifications in the soft tissue of the right axilla.
http://www.gehealthcare.com/seen/rad/xr/r_f/products/cc_prestige_01.html   (187 words)

  
 Home
The Shoulder, Hand and Upper Limb Clinic presents this informative webpage for G.P.s and patients, outlining clinical issues and new developments in conditions of shoulder, hand and upper limb surgery including Arthroscopy and Lasers in Orthopaedics.
In order to become a leading provider of surgical care for conditions of the upper limb, we value and strive for:
The Clinic is dedicated to providing the best care in the management of shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand conditions; applying the latest procedures (including
http://www.mwicks.com.au   (367 words)

  
 Epidemiologic Overview of lndividuals with Upper-Limb Loss and Their Reported Research Priorities - Journal of ...
Bilateral shoulder disarticulation and bilateral transhumeral limb loss were the second most common levels, with the incidence of each at 17.
The frequency of transradial amputation was reported to be 57 percent com- pared to 5 percent at the shoulder, 23 percent above the elbow and 12 percent at the wrist or hand (2).
(11) expressed a similar frustration when trying to study the prosthetic management of children with limb deficiencies.
http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/1996_01_002.asp   (6647 words)

  
 Physical Therapy: Effects of upper limb immobilization on isometric muscle strength, movement time, and triphasic ...
Physical Therapy; 2/1/1989; Vaughan, Victor G. Effects of Upper Limb Immobilization on Isometric Muscle Strength, Movement Time, and Triphasic Electromyographic Characteristics Limb immobilization resulting from traumatic or pathological conditions produces characteristic negative effects as a result of disuse muscle atrophy.
Physical Therapy: Effects of upper limb immobilization on isometric muscle strength, movement time, and triphasic electromyographic characteristics.@ HighBeam Research
Although numerous physiological responses to limb immobilization are well known, adequate information is not...
http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:7406011&refid=holomed_1   (191 words)

  
 SD: People : Special: Empowering the rural disabled in Asia and the Pacific. Motor and upper limb disabled people in ...
These people resist any attempts to rehabilitate them as they feel begging is an easier way to earn a living than working.
Most of the countries are categorized as Developing or Third world countries except for few countries like Japan.
If a person has a good basic education it is easy for him learn a skill.
http://www.fao.org/sd/PPdirect/PPre0041.htm   (4902 words)

  
 Upper Limb
Paralysis of this muscle results in a "winged scapula": because this muscle protracts the scapula by applying it firmly against the rib cage, paralysis of the muscle results in protrusion of the scapula on the lesioned side when the patient is asked to push against the wall with both arms extended.
They may exhibit referred pain from the area of the diaphragm, since they have similar origins from the spinal cord as the phrenic nerves (C3, 4, 5).
is innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.
http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/duong/upper.html   (8593 words)

  
 The Upper Limb Centre
The upper limb centre was established in 2003 to provide patients with access to seamless, high quality clinical care for a range of conditions effecting the shoulder, elbow and hand.
Excellence in shoulder, elbow and hand surgery across Lancashire
This care starts from the first point of contact and extends to post-operative and long-term follow-up.
http://www.upperlimbcentre.com   (315 words)

  
 Upper Limb Clinical Correlations
Only one limb will be dissected on each cadaver to preserve soft tissue structures for the practical exam.
The outline in the syllabus is provided to help you complete your study of nerve injuries and trauma in the upper limb.
It is strongly suggested that you once again review the parts and function of the joints of the upper limb prior to attending this lab.
http://anatomy.uams.edu/AnatomyHTML/orthoupperext2.html   (206 words)

  
 Risk Factors and Management of Patients With Upper Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis* -- Ellis et al. 117 (1): 43 -- Chest
of pain, swelling, and erythema of an upper extremity and was confirmed
Horattas, MC, Wright, DJ, Fenton, AH (1988) Changing concepts of deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity-report of a series and review of the literature.
postulated as a cause of upper extremity pain and swelling by
http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/117/1/43   (1881 words)

  
 CHEST: Upper-limb and lower-limb exercise training in patients with chronic airflow obstruction
Ries et al[9] showed that upper-limb performance could be improved in a group of patients with severe CAO who were already part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program, suggesting that arm training in addition to lower-limb training may be useful in the rehabilitation of these patients.
Previous investigators have concentrated on studying the effects of either lower-limb training[3,4] (bicycling; walking) or specific respiratory muscle endurance training (isocapnic hyperpnea[5] and inspiratory resistance training).[6,7] Controversy still exists as to whether respiratory muscle endurance training has any benefit beyond lower-limb training alone.
Although the training effects of arm exercise have been studied for over 20 years,[8] it is only recently that there has been interest in the role of training of the upper limbs as well as the lower limbs in CAO.
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n5_v97/ai_13475060   (1244 words)

  
 Incidence of Congenital Upper-Limb Deficiencies JACPOC Library, 1988
Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 104:441-449, 1982.
The incidence decreases when we restrict the sample to amputees with upper-limb deficiencies.
The danger is, of course, that many teratogenic agents may not have the very specific effects of a drug like thalidomide and hence be far less easy to detect.
http://jacpoc.oandp.com/library/1988_01_008.asp   (3280 words)

  
 Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Neuro-Rehabilitation
The therapeutic efficacy of MIME has been established in chronic stroke subjects.
In this study, we will apply our experience treating chronic movement deficits using robotics to subacute rehabilitation.
A clinical trial will validate and optimize the use of robot-assisted upper limb therapy for neuro-rehabilitation.
http://guide.stanford.edu/Projects/2kprojects/stroke05.html   (498 words)

  
 Arm -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
The primary flexor of the elbow is the (Click link for more info and facts about brachialis) brachialis muscle which lies undernieth the (Any skeletal muscle having two origins (but especially the muscle that flexes the forearm)) biceps.
The course of this large muscle, which flexes the forearm, can easily be traced into its (A cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment) tendon of insertion, in the front of the elbow joint.
On the sides of the biceps lie the external and internal bicipital furrows, in the latter of which the (The main artery of the upper arm; a continuation of the axillary artery; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow) brachial artery may be felt and compressed.
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/a/ar/arm.htm   (1371 words)

  
 Work-related upper limb disorders
Occupations with the highest rates for musculoskeletal disorders affecting the upper limbs or neck were: 'armed forces'; 'construction'; 'textile processing' and 'other processing'.
One quarter of respondents with a musculoskeletal disorder affecting the upper limb or neck reported an arthritic condition and the majority of respondents reporting spondylosis in the survey described their condition as affecting their neck, fewer respondents reported that the condition affected their back.
Much of the increase can be attributed to increased awareness of the possible work-related nature of these conditions.
http://www.healthandsafety.co.uk/info2200400.html   (1446 words)

  
 Joints of the Upper Limb (1)
The sternoclavicular joint can be readily palpated because the medial end of the clavicle lies superior to the manubrium of the sternum.
This articulation allows the acromion to rotate on the clavicle and to move anteriorly and posteriorly.
An important function of the clavicle is to hold the upper limb away from the trunk, i.e., it acts as a strut for keeping the shoulder away from the chest to give the upper limb the maximum freedom of motion.
http://www.geocities.com/medinotes/uppjnt.htm   (1750 words)

  
 Physical Therapy: Mental Practice Combined With Physical Practice for Upper-Limb Motor Deficit in Subacute Stroke.@ ...
He received physical therapy for an hour 3 times a week for 6 weeks.
In addition, 2 times a week the patient listened to an audiotape instructing him to imagine himself functionally using the affected limb.
http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:77555602&refid=holomed_1   (193 words)

  
 Clinical Trial: Enhanced Tactile (Touch) Spatial Acuity in Upper Limb Amputees
This would represent the first demonstration of chronic deafferentation-induced behavioral gains within the somatosensory system.
It is conceivable that this enlargement of the lip representation may translate into a behavioral gain.
Normal volunteers who are willing and able to stay relaxed and collaborative for a period of up to 2 hours.
http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00028210   (459 words)

  
 Joint Stiffness of the Upper Limb; Hardback; Book
This is a summary of recent clinical thought on topics of interest to those involved with surgery and therapy of the upper limb.
Prices subject to change to be advised on confirmation of order.
Joint Stiffness of the Upper Limb; Hardback; Book
http://www.netstoreusa.com/mnbooks/185/1853174149.shtml   (158 words)

  
 RULA - Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
McAtamney, L and Corlett, E.N. Reducing the risks of work related upper limb disorders - A guide and methods.
For further information on methodology refer to our on-line guidance or:
*McAtamney, L. and Corlett, E.N. "RULA -: A survey method for investigation of work-related upper limb disorders.
http://www.ergonomics.co.uk/Rula/Ergo   (167 words)

  
 WKU Anth 300 Lab 5 Upper Limb
This is the fifth of six labs in which you will learn the bones of the human body.
This lab focuses on the bones of the upper limbs.
The bones you will learn are humerus, ulna, radius, carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges.
http://www.wku.edu/~darlene.applegate/forensic/lab5/lab5.html   (365 words)

  
 Amazon.ca: Books: Powered Upper Limb Prostheses: Control, Implementation and Clinical Application
The authors from Canada, USA and Great Britain are well known practitioners, academics and researchers in the field.
The reader is introduced to various facets of upper limb amputations and their clinical management in both children and adults.
Offers an historical overview followed by basic muscle anatomy and electrophysiology, as well as the origins, acquisition, and processing of the myoelectric signal.
http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/3540404066   (340 words)

  
 FreeOrtho Upperlimb
Posterior and medial aspect of the cup on the glenoid rim is mobilised
The interval slide - where the complete release of the rotator interval and coracohumeral ligament down to the base of the coracoid allows supraspinatus to be mobilised
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES of the Hand and upper extremity:
http://freeortho.com/Revision/Upper.html   (3883 words)

  
 TUMOURS OF THE UPPER LIMB AND BURN SCARS. CASE REPORTS
These conditions may easily occur at the level of the upper limb which is a site of continual movement; this study concerns the cases that we have observed of cutaneous epithelioma of the upper limb occurring in burn scars.
Between 1975 and 1990 we treated 37 cases of epithelloma in the upper limb, 13 of which (35.13%) were basallomas and 24 (64.87%) spinallomas.
It is this continual stimulation, in the attempt to achieve healing only through epithelialization, that determines the develooment of abnormal characteristics, among which is an increase in the mitosis rate, in some cells at the margins of the lesion, and - in the long term -in the cancer rate (8).
http://www.medbc.com/annals/review/vol_4/num_4/text/vol4n4p251.htm   (1577 words)

  
 Muscles of Upper Limb
A. Anterior arm muscles are Flexors of forearm/elbow joint
COMMON FUNCTION WITH THE MUSCLES OF UPPER LIMB MEMORY MATRIX.
REVIEW AND REGROUP SOME OF THESE MUSCLES ACCORDING TO
http://www.indiana.edu/~anat215/musuppr.html   (210 words)

  
 Risk of upper limb injury in left handed children: a study in Greece -- Skalkidou et al. 5 (1): 68 -- Injury Prevention
of previous upper limb or other injury, and conditions and aspects
upper limb injury, and handedness may be significant correlates
Risk of upper limb injury in left handed children: a study in Greece
http://ip.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/5/1/68   (1927 words)

  
 Human Arm Anatomy
To perform these movements, the upper limb is equipped with not less than 21 muscles actuators, among which some even divide in several bundles attached on different bones.
The upper limb is composed of three chained mechanisms, the shoulder girdle, the elbow and the wrist.
Considering translations negligible compared to rotations, each of them, except the scapulo-thoracic joint, is usually assumed as ball and socket joint, allowing 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) in rotation.
http://ligwww.epfl.ch/~maurel/CHARM/WP3/Anatomy.html   (422 words)

  
 Old Anatomy Course Objectives for Upper Limb - Medicine I, University of Sydney
Former Upper Limb Anatomy Course Objectives for Medicine I Students
(ii) major relations of the musculocutaneous, axillary, median, ulnar and radial nerves during their courses in the upper extremity.
Old Anatomy Course Objectives for Upper Limb - Medicine I, University of Sydney
http://www.anatomy.usyd.edu.au/teaching/courses/old_objectives/upper_limb.html   (849 words)

  
 RULA - Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
This is described further in Reducing the Risks of Work Related Upper Limb Disorders: A Guide and Methods available from The Institute for Occupational Ergonomics, University of Nottingham: e-mail: lynne.mills@nottingham.ac.uk
Score the posture of each body part using the software.
In most cases, to ensure this guide is used as an aid in efficient and effective control of any risks identified, the actions lead to a more detailed investigation.
http://www.ergonomics.co.uk/Rula/Ergo/brief.html   (447 words)

  
 RADIUS Data Set No. 17 The Next Generation of Upper-Limb Prostheses, 1994
This epidemiological study established a national data base on adults and children with upper limb loss and evaluated user perceptions of upper-limb prosthetic devices regarding: 1) costs, maintenance, and sensory feedback, 2) activities which can and cannot be done with available prosthetic technology, and 3) areas identified as most important for improvement in prosthetic devices.
The study was conducted by The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research (TIRR) from September, 1992 through November, 1994.
The TIRR National Upper-Limb Amputee Data Base is perhaps the most extensive survey ever conducted of upper limb amputees in North America concerning their prosthetic requirements.
http://www.socio.com/srch/summary/radius/rad17.htm   (342 words)

  
 IngentaConnect Reliability, validity and factor structure of the upper limb subs...
The stability, internal consistency and construct validity of the upper limb MAS subscale (UL-MAS) was assessed in this study.
This study has also verified the construct validity of the UL-MAS subscale and provides a valuable extension of previous work, which together demonstrates the value of the UL-MAS as a responsive, valid and reliable measure of upper limb function in adults following stroke.
Patients were evaluated with 'Upper Arm Function', 'Hand Movements', and 'Advanced Hand Activities' items of the MAS by masked physiotherapists who had received standardized training in administration of the MAS.
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/tids/2004/00000026/00000002/art00008   (332 words)

  
 Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb - Self-study
The outline that is provided lists the minimum features that are required for understanding of the muscles and soft tissues that will be studied in the future.
The study of the bones of the upper limb must be completed prior to beginning the dissection of the pectoral region.
The study of the joints of the upper limb does not need to be completed prior to beginning the dissection of the pectoral region.
http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/bonesupperlimbss.html   (511 words)

  
 Upper limb (arm)
Muscles of back and upper limb - A table describing muscle, origin, insertion, action and innervation.
Brachial plexus toolbook - A series of interactive images - plus quiz - showing the anatomy of the brachial plexus.
Adolescent scoliosis (curved spine) - A multimedia textbook covering diagnosis, progression and treatment.
http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ms/resources/anatomy/store/mcwilliam/arm.htm   (418 words)

  
 Bone of the Upper Limb
This flattened, triangular bone lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax, covering parts of the 2
for holding the upper limb free from the trunk so it may have maximum freedom of action;
The humerus is the largest bone in the upper limb.
http://www.geocities.com/medinotes/uppbone.htm   (1272 words)

  
 CUergo: RULA
RULA is a postural targeting method for estimating the risks of work-related upper limb disorders.
McAtamney, L. & Corlett, E.N. (1993) RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders, Applied Ergonomics, 24, 91-99.
The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method has been developed by Dr. Lynn McAtamney and Professor E. Nigel Corlett, ergonomists at the University of Nottingham in England.
http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/ahRULA.html   (147 words)

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