Umbilical vein - Medicow
About us  |  Why use us?  |  Press  |  Contact us

 

Topic: Umbilical vein


  
 Neonatology on the Web: Sidbury 1923
The regular "record" transfusion needle was inserted into the largest of these three vessels, the umbilical vein, and a ligature was tied over the cord to the needle to hold the needle in place.
In my experience, the median basilic vein is always large enough to admit an 18 gage needle in infants as young as 2 or 3 weeks, and is preferable to the superior longitudinal sinus usually; but it is necessary to dissect it out.
The needle was then withdrawn from the umbilical vein, and the cord was again tied off as before.
http://www.neonatology.org/classics/sidbury.html   (2974 words)

  
 Medical References: Umbilical Cord Abnormalities
The umbilical cord is a narrow, tube-like structure that connects the developing baby (also referred to, in medical terms, as the fetus) to the placenta.
The risk of umbilical cord prolapse is increased if the baby is in a breech (foot-first) position or if the baby is premature.
This is an emergency situation, and the provider will take steps to relieve pressure on the umbilical cord by lifting the presenting fetal part away from the cord while preparing the woman for prompt cesarean delivery.
http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_4546.asp   (1649 words)

  
 Does Umbilical Vein Catheterization Lead to Portal Venous Thrombosis? Prospective US Evaluation in 100 Neonates -- Kim ...
the insertion of an umbilical venous catheter, it is not surprising
The prophylactic use of heparin, thrombolytic therapy, and surgical
prospective study, on the condition that an umbilical venous
http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/219/3/645   (3810 words)

  
 The Pregnancy Institute - PUCP
Umbilical cord compression has varying effects on fetal physiology depending on the degree of the stimulus and a duration of the interruption of blood flow.
Umbilical cord length as an index of fetal activity: Experimental study and clinical implications.
Umbilical cord structural extremes may lead to an increased risk of stillbirth.
http://www.preginst.com/pucp.html   (13577 words)

  
 eMedicine - Umbilical Cord Complications : Article by Brian LG Morgan, MD, PhD
Umbilical cord complications in pregnancy are numerous, ranging from false knots, which have no clinical significance, to vasa previa, which often leads to fetal death.
Umbilical cords are helical in nature, with as many as 380 helices.
Tumors cause umbilical vessel constriction, which may be monitored with Doppler flow studies.
http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3276.htm   (3121 words)

  
 umbilical cord
The presence of a single umbilical artery in the umbilical cord of the baby is sometimes associated with pre-eclampsia in the mother (eg: Sener et al, 1997), but there is no evidence at present of a causal link between the two.
In one study, approximately one third of fetuses with single umbilical artery had structural defects, mostly affecting the heart (Chow, Benson, and Doubilet, 1998).
With regard to the likelihood of the problems you have experienced happening again in future pregnancies, it will be worth discussing this with your doctor who will have a more complete understanding of your situation.
http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/umbilica.htm   (1058 words)

  
 ACNM Workshop Questions
If the umbilical coiling index was to be of clinical value, Dr. Strong recognized the importance of being able to determine cord coiling antepartum.
In the early 1990's, Dr. Strong and his colleagues attempted to quantify this relationship, by first confirming what others had observed, that a child born with non-coiled umbilical vessels is at increased risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality (2).
By studying prenatal ultrasounds, he discovered that although 30% of noncoiled cords early in gestation will become coiled by delivery, the 2-6% of cords that remain uncoiled throughout gestation can be recognized on ultrasound, and may represent a real risk for suboptimal perinatal outcome.
http://showcase.netins.net/web/placenta/ACNMquestions.htm   (839 words)

  
 Umbilical cord - LuckyWebs.com
An infant's umbilical cord blood may be an alternative to bone marrow in Using umbilical cord blood might have important therapeutic implications in
Society : The Society - Mary Laughlin, MD she is recognized as an expert in unrelated umbilical cord blood about the role that umbilical cord blood (UCB) will play in leukemia treatment in
Stem cells from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) migrate to damaged areas in the brain and spinal cord caused by disease or injury and provide some
http://luckywebs.com/q/umbilical-cord.html   (1307 words)

  
 Abstract
Due to the readily available nature of umbilical cords, this allows for greater usage of the model in the study of blood-borne metastasis.
We have previously described an in vitro perfusion model that utilizes saphenous vein, which permits the study of the interactions among tumor cells, the hemostatic system, and heparins under physiologic and sheer stress flow conditions.
The clinical association between cancer and hemostasis has long been recognized.
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/isth2003/abstract.asp?id=9010   (396 words)

  
 Umbilical Cord Vein Sampling : American Pregnancy Association
The needle is inserted into the umbilical cord to retrieve a small sample of fetal blood.
The ultrasound guides a thin needle through the abdomen and uterine walls to the umbilical cord.
The sample is sent to the laboratory for analysis, and results are usually available within 72 hours.
http://www.americanpregnancy.org/prenataltesting/umbilicalveinsampling.html   (559 words)

  
 portalvein
Therefore it should be treated as soon as it is discovered.
All obstructive conditions of the portal vein system will cause pre-hepatic portal hypertension
It may occur as a congenital anomaly or as an acquired condition following an infection of the umbilical vein or a reanalyzed thrombosis.
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/orfpath/portalvein.htm   (344 words)

  
 Umbilical cord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Some parents have opted to have this blood harvested upon the baby's birth, and frozen for long-term storage at a cord blood bank should the child ever require the cord blood stem cells (for example, to replace bone marrow destroyed when treating leukemia).
The term "umbilical cord" or just "umbilical" has also come to be used for other cords with similar functions, such as the hose connecting a surface-supplied diver to his surface supply of air and/or heating, or a space-suited astronaut to his spacecraft.
Recently, it has been discovered that the blood within the umbilical cord, known as cord blood, is a rich and readily available source of primitive, undifferentiated stem cells (i.e.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbilical_cord   (321 words)

  
 Neonates and Umbilical Venous Catheters: Normal Appearance, Anomalous Positions, Complications, and Potential Aid to ...
Umbilicus and proximal umbilical venous catheter (arrowheads) project to left of midline because of patient rotation on this chest and abdominal radiograph in neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
—Calcified thrombus in patient with prior umbilical venous catheter.
—Umbilical venous catheter position confirming intrathoracic displacement of liver in patient with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/figsonly/180/4/1147   (1158 words)

  
 Stem cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A team of Korean researchers reported on November 25, 2004, that they had transplanted multipotent adult stem cells from umbilical cord blood to a patient suffering from a spinal cord injury and she can now walk on her own, with difficulty.
The patient had not even been able stand up for the last 19 years.
The researchers discovered upon dissecting the mice that the stem cells regenerated not only the neurons, but also the cells of the myelin sheath, a layer of cells with which nerve fibers communicate with the brain (damage to which is often the cause of neurological injury in humans).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell   (5607 words)

  
 Ouabain- and Marinobufagenin-Induced Proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein Smooth Muscle Cells and a Rat Vascular ...
A new method for isolation of smooth muscle from human umbilical cord arteries.
For all experiments, human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells
muscle (VSMCs) from human umbilical vein and a rat VSMC line,
http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/108/24/3048   (2755 words)

  
 MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Umbilical catheters
Infants most likely to benefit from a UVC include very immature infants, infants with bowel problems preventing feeding, and infants who require powerful blood pressure medications.
The base of the umbilical cord at the belly button is cleaned using sterile techniques.
One is called an umbilical artery catheter (or UAC) and the other is called an umbilical venous catheter (UVC).
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007247.htm   (534 words)

  
 Interaction between chronically HIV-infected promonocytic cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells: role of ...
This phenomenon may influence the passage of HIV-1 from latency to productive replication and enhance virus spreading during physiological and/or pathological contact of monocytes with endothelium.
The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
Interaction between chronically HIV-infected promonocytic cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells: role of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in viral expression modulation.
http://www.aegis.com/aidsline/2000/jul/A0071231.html   (543 words)

  
 BioMed Central Full text Release of annexin V-binding membrane microparticles from cultured human umbilical vein ...
We further focused our study on MP-release from HUVEC after proapoptotic stimulation with the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT).
We used flow cytometry to study the MP-release from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) stimulated by various agonists.
We used flow cytometry to study the release of annexin V-binding membrane microparticles from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) stimulated by various agonists.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2121/3/11   (4801 words)

  
 Welcome to veinclinics.com
See what VCA can do for you today.
Recent advancements in the treatment of varicose veins have been significant.
As a result, treatment has never been better.
http://www.VeinClinics.com   (109 words)

  
 Search Results for umbilical vein - Encyclopædia Britannica
Directory of links to information on this medical condition.
Medical complication caused by blood clots formed inside major veins of the body.
Provides a detailed description of the various parts such as veins and atria, venoatrical, great vessels, and the conduction system.
http://www.britannica.com/search?query=umbilical+vein   (515 words)

  
 [No title]
How Circulation Changes: No need for liver, no need for lungs.
The Umbilical Vein closes, creating the ligamentum teres or round ligament (connecting the liver to the anterior body wall.) In response from a substance called bradykinin from the first breath of the lungs, the ductus arteriosus closes, creating the ligamentum arteriosum.
The Umbilical Arteries close, creating the medical umbilical ligaments.
http://www.med.unc.edu/wms/firstaid/em-exam2.doc   (1693 words)

  
 Further Pharmacological Characterization of Bradykinin B1 Receptor Up-Regulation in Human Umbilical Vein -- Sardi et ...
Further Pharmacological Evidence of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Pathway Involvement in Bradykinin B1 Receptor-Sensitized Responses in Human Umbilical Vein
in the induction of vascular responses in human umbilical vein
Bradykinin B1 Receptor Expression Induced by Tissue Damage in the Rat Portal Vein: A Critical Role for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Signaling Pathways
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/290/3/1019   (445 words)

  
 Cytokine profiles of cultured microvascular endothelial cells from the human intestine -- Nilsen et al. 42 (5): 635 -- ...
For practical reasons, most in vitro studies have been performed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), but
Cytokine production by endothelial cells has, for practical reasons, been chiefly studied in human umbilical
Human dermal microvascular endothelial but not human umbilical vein endothelial cells express CD36 in vivo and in vitro.
http://gut.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/42/5/635   (4408 words)

  
 TheFetus.net - Umbilical vein varix, Intra-abdominal -Philippe Vignal, MD
TheFetus.net - Umbilical vein varix, Intra-abdominal -Philippe Vignal, MD Articles
The clinical significance of this finding is unclear although in some reports it is associated with poor fetal prognosis.
The venous flow was present throughout the lesion, suggesting the absence of thrombi.
http://www.thefetus.net/page.php?id=187   (588 words)

  
 Physiology of Fetus
The rationale of these shunts is to divert the oxygenated blood from the less functioning organs as lungs, liver, kidney and intestine as placenta carries their functions, to the brain, heart and other parts of the body.
- With clamping of the umbilical cord, the pressure in the ductus venosus drops leading to its closure to form the ligamentum venosum.
- The umbilical vein is obliterated to form the ligamentum teres in the falciform ligament of the liver.
http://www.arabicobgyn.net/doc/fetphysiol.htm   (1132 words)

  
 Umbilical vein oxytocin in the management of third stage of labour. Athavale RD, Nerurkar NM, Dalvi SA, Bhattacharya MS ...
Intra-umbilical oxytocin is therefore, a useful alternative in patients where methylergo metrine is contraindicated or in cases where intravenous fluids need to be restricted[1].
In view of this a study was undertaken to determine effect of oxytocin injection into the umbilical vein during the 3rd and 4th stage blood loss.
Multigravidas with vertex presentation with no obstetric and medical complications and who have not received any oxytocin in labour were divided into 3 groups:
http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=1991;volume=37;issue=4;spage=219;epage=20;aulast=Athavale   (801 words)

  
 Activation of p42mapk in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ...
Integration of MAP kinase signal transduction pathways at the serum response element.
Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins were isolated as previously described (18).
Mitogenic signalling pathway of tumor necrosis factor involves the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of 41 000-M
http://ajpcell.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/274/3/C789   (5269 words)

  
 Umbilical vein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The umbilical vein is a blood vessel present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus.
Within a week of birth, the infant's umbilical vein is completely obliterated and is replaced by a fibrous cord called the round ligament (also called the ligamentum teres).
Inside the fetus, the vein courses alongside the falciform ligament and then to the liver's underside.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbilical_vein   (347 words)

  
 TheFetus.net - Persistent right umbilical vein -S. Manohar, MD, DMRD
This type is not associated with other anomalies.
Early obstruction of the left umbilical vein from external pressure or occlusion.
Persistent right umbilical vein does not prevent the formation of ductus venosus and it does not alter the distribution of blood to the fetus.
http://www.thefetus.net/page.php?id=1459   (264 words)

  
 British Journal of Pharmacology - Formation of 8-iso-PGF2
The results of the present study show that A 23187, H
in the isolated perfused human umbilical vein and for comparison in the isolated perfused rabbit ear, a model for a peripheral vascular system.
In the present study a stimulated release of TXA
http://www.nature.com/bjp/journal/v131/n1/full/0703547a.html   (3602 words)

  
 [No title]
During gestation the placenta delivers blood with food and oxygen from the mother through the umbilical vein.
This means that in the fetus, circulation is the reverse of circulation after birth, because the fetus' veins have the oxygenated blood and arteries return unoxygentated blood to the heart.
In order to make this work, there is a shunt from the liver venous circulation to the arterial circulation.
http://www.vetinfo.com/dencyclopedia/delivershunt.html   (305 words)

  
 Differential movements of VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 during transmigration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes through human ...
or through the endothelium of dissected human umbilical vein tissue.
Differential movements of VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 during transmigration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes through human umbilical vein endothelium
Differential movements of VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 during transmigration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes through human umbilical vein endothelium -- Su et al.
http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/100/10/3597   (508 words)

  
 Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta (Cochrane Review)
Saline solution alone does not appear be more effective than expectant management.
Objectives: The objective of this review was to assess the use of umbilical vein injection of saline solution alone or with oxytocin in comparison either with expectant management or with an alternative solution or other uterotonic agent for retained placenta.
Saline solution plus prostaglandin, compared with saline solution alone, was associated with a statistically significant lower incidence in manual removal of placenta (RR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.73) but no difference was observed in blood loss, fever, abdominal pain, and oxytocin augmentation but there is only one small trial contributing to these results.
http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab001337.htm   (614 words)

  
 Effects of recirculating flow on U-937 cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells -- Barber et al. 275 ...
HUVEC were isolated by collagenase treatment of human umbilical cord veins (9, 14) and characterized as endothelial cells
Cytokine effects on the expression of adhesion molecules by human umbilical vein, saphenous vein and femoral artery endothelial cells.
Effects of recirculating flow on U-937 cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells -- Barber et al.
http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/275/2/H591   (5019 words)

  
 Subplasmalemmal endoplasmic reticulum controls KCa channel activity upon stimulation with a moderate histamine ...
Additionally, EA.hy926 cells were found to express channels similar to those found in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and also lack the
This study was designed to elucidate the role of the subplasmalemmal endoplasmic reticulum (sER) in autacoid-induced stimulation of Ca -dependent K
Subplasmalemmal endoplasmic reticulum controls KCa channel activity upon stimulation with a moderate histamine concentration in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line -- Frieden et al.
http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/540/1/73   (6745 words)

  
 Comparison of Gene Expression of Umbilical Cord Vein and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells -- Panepucci et al. ...
cord (UC) veins that are morphologically and immunophenotpically
from UC veins are functionally similar to BM-MSCs, but differentially
Comparison of Gene Expression of Umbilical Cord Vein and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells -- Panepucci et al.
http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/22/7/1263   (294 words)

  
 Endothelial Cells
Optimized to support the proliferation of endothelial cells, such as human umbilical vein derived endothelial cells (HUVEC).
A convenient source of endothelial cells has been the human umbilical vein.
Endothelial cells may be derived from any part of the vascular tree.
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Life_Science/Cell_Culture/Product_Lines/Primary_Human_Culture.html   (621 words)

  
 Study Demonstrates ViroLogic's eTag System Can Measure Activated VEGF Receptor, Target for Anti-Angiogenic Treatments - ...
Researchers at ViroLogic stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells with increasing concentrations of VEGF for different periods of time.
http://www.forbes.com/prnewswire/feeds/prnewswire/2005/05/15/prnewswire200505150800PR_NEWS_B_MAT_NY_NYSU003.html   (1215 words)

  
 Intermittent high glucose enhances apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture -- Risso et al. 281 ...
To explore the effect of fluctuating glucose on endothelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated for
Intermittent high glucose enhances apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture -- Risso et al.
Intermittent high glucose enhances apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture
http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/281/5/E924   (361 words)

  
 Relaxin potentiates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by endothelial cells from human umbilical vein in ...
Relaxin potentiates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by endothelial cells from human umbilical vein in in vitro culture -- Quattrone et al.
Relaxin potentiates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by endothelial cells from human umbilical vein in in vitro culture
isoforms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured
http://molehr.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/10/5/325   (333 words)

  
 Factor Xa Induces Cytokine Production and Expression of Adhesion Molecules by Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells -- ...
HUVEC were isolated from fresh umbilical cords by treatment
Coagulation factor Xa stimulates platelet-derived growth factor release and mitogenesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of rat.
Thrombin stimulates production of interleukin-8 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/161/8/4318   (5450 words)

  
 Possible Role of Cell Surface H+-ATP Synthase in the Extracellular ATP Synthesis and Proliferation of Human Umbilical ...
Copyright © 2003 by the American Association for Cancer Research.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan and
Possible Role of Cell Surface H+-ATP Synthase in the Extracellular ATP Synthesis and Proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells -- Arakaki et al.
http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/1/13/931   (424 words)

  
 Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
Neutrophil killing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells is oxygen radical-mediated and enhanced by TNF-..alpha..
Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5751684 - Neutrophil killing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells is oxygen radical-mediated and enhanced by TNF-..alpha..
http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5751684   (159 words)

  
 A Novel Interleukin-17 Receptor-like Protein Identified in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Antagonizes Basic ...
A Novel Interleukin-17 Receptor-like Protein Identified in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Antagonizes Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-induced Signaling -- Yang et al.
response element; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells;
identify novel cell-surface proteins expressed in human umbilical
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/35/33232   (4584 words)

  
 Shear-dependent Eosinophil Transmigration on Interleukin 4-stimulated Endothelial Cells: A Role for ...
IL-4, and IL-13 have all been used to stimulate human umbilical
for providing human umbilical cords, Shahina Ali for her constructive
Interleukin-13 induces PSGL-1/P-selectin-dependent adhesion of eosinophils, but not neutrophils, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells under flow.
http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/full/194/12/1699   (5892 words)

  
 Persistent Intrahepatic Right Umbilical Vein in the Fetus: A Benign Anatomic Variant -- BLAZER et al. 95 (3): 433 -- ...
MOSHE BRONSHTEIN, MD From the Departments of Neonatology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
umbilical veins, of which 60 had no additional sonographic abnormalities,
Persistent Intrahepatic Right Umbilical Vein in the Fetus: A Benign Anatomic Variant -- BLAZER et al.
http://www.greenjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/95/3/433   (237 words)

  
 umbilical vein - definition of umbilical vein by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.
This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
vein, vena, venous blood vessel - a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; all veins except the pulmonary carry unaerated blood
umbilical cord - membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/umbilical+vein   (131 words)

  
 Cascade Biologics: Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells cryopreserved at the end of the primary culture.
Secondary cultures established from cryopreserved normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells, grown to approximately 50% confluence in T-flasks.
Cascade Biologics - Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
http://www.cascadebio.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.Content&CID=413   (235 words)

  
 Cyclophilin A Is a Proinflammatory Cytokine that Activates Endothelial Cells -- Jin et al. 24 (7): 1186 -- ...
ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 in cultured human umbilical vein EC.
http://www.atvbaha.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/7/1186   (455 words)

  
 Functional parathyroid hormone receptors are present in an umbilical vein endothelial cell line -- Isales et al. 279 ...
The data presented demonstrate that functional PTH receptors are present in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line.
Immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV 304), a gift of Dr. K.
PTH could activate signal transduction pathways and cellular responses
http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/279/3/E654   (5172 words)

 About us   |  Why use us?   |  Press   |  Contact us

 Copyright © 2006 Medicow.com Usage implies agreement with terms.