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| | Repeated Transplant Rejection: Why Does It Happen? |
 | | With these new medications, rejection rates are as low as 10-15 percent of patients and one-year transplanted organ survival has improved to 95 percent. | | | This is the ability to manipulate the immune system in a way to confuse it into thinking that the transplanted organ is part of "self" so that no immune response is mounted, no medications are needed and no rejection occurs. | | | However, over the past 40 years we have begun to better understand the immune processes involved in transplant rejection and many drugs have been developed to suppress these immune responses. |
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http://www.aakp.org/AAKP/RenalifeArt/2002/repeatedrejection.htm
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| | Introduction to Transplant Immunobiology |
| | Lung transplant patients are monitored for rejection by X-ray analysis, pulmonary function tests, transbronchial biopsy histology and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis. | | | Heart transplant patients are monitored by histopathological analysis of endomyocardial biopsies at regular intervals. | | | lthough the goal of transplantation is to achieve a long-term acceptance of the allograft, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for this successful outcome. |
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http://tpis.upmc.edu/tpis/immuno/introT1.html
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| | Transplant Rejection Treatment |
| | Acute vascular rejection is the main barrier to xenografts, and research is attempting to circumvent this new phenomena of rejection; however, currently even with heavy immunosupression, most pig to primate grafts fail within thirty days due to acute vascular rejection. | | | Once graft rejection has begun, it can be classified in one of three ways in humans, either hyperacute rejection, acute rejection, or chronic rejection. | | | This poses a dilemma in the trend of immunotherapy, since immunosuppression is highly focused to prevent acute rejection and does not substantially address chronic rejection mechanisms. |
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http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2004_Groups/Group04/Rejection_overview.htm
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| | Lung Transplant Rejection |
| | After transplant surgery, you are prescribed immunosuppressive drugs to "fool" your immune system into thinking your new lung is your own so it doesn't try to attack it. | | | This is called rejection, and it is your body's way of not accepting the new organ. | | | Although rejection is most common in the first six months after surgery, it can occur at any time. |
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http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/2700/2722.asp?index=4377&src=news
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| | eMedicine - Immunology of Transplant Rejection : Article by Randy P Prescilla, MD |
| | Rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to the nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. | | | Arakelov A, Lakkis FG: The alloimmune response and effector mechanisms of allograft rejection. | | | Benichou G: Direct and indirect antigen recognition: the pathways to allograft immune rejection. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2841.htm
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| | DukeMedNews Insight Into Transplant Rejection Might Lead to Novel Prevention Therapies |
| | Acute rejection occurs in 60 percent of lung recipients despite current immunosuppressive treatments, all of which are directed at the adaptive immune system, he added. | | | Although the initial rejection can in many cases be managed with further treatment, a new suite of drugs aimed at suppressing the innate response in the lung could significantly improve patient outcomes, Palmer said. | | | While physicians have generally attributed organ transplant rejection solely to the adaptive immune system, the new work indicates an important role for the body's first line of defense, Palmer said. |
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http://www.dukemednews.org/news/article.php?id=7613
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| | Allergies increase risk for corneal transplant rejection, UT Southwestern study shows |
| | Another group of mice served as a control group, and corneal grafts were rejected in 50 percent of them; however, all of the grafts were rejected in mice with ocular ragweed allergy. | | | Jerry Niederkorn, professor of ophthalmology, and other UT Southwestern researchers like research assistant Christina Stevens have shown that corneal transplant patients who suffer from eye allergies are at a significantly higher risk of transplant failure than those without allergies. | | | DALLAS - May 20, 2005 - Corneal transplant patients who suffer from eye allergies are at a significantly higher risk of transplant failure than those without allergies, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have shown. |
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http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept37389/files/225002.html
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| | CHFpatients.com - Heart Transplant - Updates |
| | Combination therapy with tacrolimus and MMF is effective for preventing rejection in heart transplant patients, but routine drug level monitoring is critical. | | | When the researchers compared different risks in heart transplant recipients, the lack of ganciclovir treatment right after surgery was the biggest danger factor, increasing risk of CAD nearly 300%. | | | Researchers randomized 27 heart transplant patients to either standard therapy or structured rehab for 6 months. |
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http://www.chfpatients.com/tx/txextras.htm
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| | CHFpatients.com - Heart Transplant - Organ Rejection |
| | Even then, most transplant recipients are given lots of drugs to suppress their immune response and prevent organ rejection. | | | The first problem all heart transplant recipients face if they survive surgery is donor organ rejection. | | | Induction therapy is the use of OKT-3 or other heavy-duty drugs to really max out your anti-rejection treatment right after your transplant surgery. |
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http://www.chfpatients.com/tx/txrejection.htm
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| | News: Fighting heart transplant rejection - myDNA |
| | A mix of immunosuppressive therapies is typically used to prevent a recipient's body from rejecting a transplanted organ. | | | The primary purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of rejection requiring treatment, as measured by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grading system. | | | The authors concluded that in heart transplant patients, TAC/MMF appeared to offer more advantages than either TAC/SRL or CYA/MMF, including the lowest incidence of any treated rejection and an improved side effect profile. |
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http://www.mydna.com/health/heart/news/resources/news/200505/news_20050523_agecom.html
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| | Clinical Trial: Study of Heart Transplant Rejection |
| | Adult heart transplant center generally accepts patients within the physiologic age range of 12 to 65 years old, however, for our study heart transplant patients must be 18 years of age or above. | | | In addition, patients who have had a heart transplant within the past 1 to 5 years will be enrolled in a pilot study. | | | By correlating putative biomarkers with clinical, histological, and imaging based evidence of allograft disease we hope to build a database comprised of functional genomics, cytokine, cytoimmunologic and proteomics data relevant to the immunologic relationship between the donor organ and recipient. |
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http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00042614
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Transplant rejection |
| | Being careful to take post-tranplant medications properly, and being closely monitored by your doctor may help prevent rejection. | | | Then, you must take immunosuppresive drugs for the rest of your life. | | | Calling your health care provider Return to top |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000815.htm
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| | Liver . Post-transplant . Rejection |
| | The anti-rejection drugs (immunosuppressive drugs) you have been taking before your operation should help to prevent this, however 60 percent of patients will experience some form of acute rejection during the first few weeks. | | | There will be a very small number of patients who will experience rejection at a later stage. | | | This can occur when your body recognises that you have a new liver and tries to attack it. |
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http://www.talktransplant.com/Liver/Post-transplant/Complications/Rejection.aspx
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| | Pitt Campaign Chronicle: Radiation Could Reduce Small Intestine Transplant Rejection |
| | Three of five patients in a control group — patients who received unconditioned small intestinal grafts and no donor bone marrow &; each had at least one serious episode of rejection. | | | Surgeons at the University of Pittsburgh have performed more than 170 intestine transplants since May 1990, the largest experience of any center in the world. | | | Only one patient, a recipient of an isolated small bowel, had rejection. |
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http://www.umc.pitt.edu/media/pcc010521/reducerejection.html
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| | Clinical Trial: Combination Immunosuppressive Therapy to Prevent Kidney Transplant Rejection in Adults |
| | However, to prevent organ rejection, transplant recipients need to take immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their lives, and these drugs make patients more susceptible to infection, endangering their health and survival. | | | Transplant rejection occurs when a patient’s body does not recognize the new organ and attacks it. | | | This study will also test whether this combination of medications will allow patients to eventually stop taking antirejection medications entirely. |
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http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00078559
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| | New Test For Transplant Rejection On The Horizon |
| | Project researchers seek to define which biomarkers—for example, substances found in the blood or other body fluids¾can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic test for organ rejection and immunosuppressive therapy response. | | | Individual patients vary in their response to immunosuppression therapy. | | | Project co-lead Dr. Paul Keown of the Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, VGH site, says, “In order to prevent organ rejection, powerful drugs are used to suppress a patient's immune system. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/01/050123211020.htm
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| | After a Transplant - Heart Transplant Program - Clinical Services - Children's Hospital Boston |
| | This is to ensure that a patient is watched and observed closely, on a daily basis, for any signs of transplant organ rejection, as this type of observation is critical for the long-term health of a transplant patient. | | | When a new heart is placed in your child's body, the body sees the transplanted organ as a threat and tries to attack it. | | | Blood tests are performed periodically to measure the amount of medication in the body, to ensure your child does not get too much or too little of the medication. |
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http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site525/mainpageS525P18.html
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| | Lung Transplant Rejection |
| | The device also has the potential to be used on a surveillance basis for lung transplant recipients, by detecting the earliest proteomic signs of vascular changes associated with chronic rejection. | | | Lung transplant recipients undergo immunosuppression to prevent their body's immune system from rejecting the donated lung. | | | This device should be used only by physicians with a thorough understanding of percutaneous interventional procedures. |
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http://www.vascularbiosciences.com/html/lung_transplant.html
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| | FDA Approves Rapamune To Prevent Kidney Transplant Rejection |
| | Only physicians experienced in imunosuppressive therapy and management of renal transplant patients should use Rapamune. | | | It will provide an important new treatment option for renal transplant patients, which is especially significant since there aren’t many therapeutic choices," says Barry D. Kahan, Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Surgery, Director, Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation at The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center. | | | These groups also received cyclosporine and prednisone as a triple therapy regimen. |
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http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/12c216.htm
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| | Adding bone marrow cuts organ transplant rejection rates |
| | In lung transplants, where long-term chronic rejection is a problem, Rao said just 4.7 percent of patients who also received bone marrow showed signs of rejection, compared with 31 percent of those without marrow. | | | When donor marrow cells are introduced, Rao said, they seem to make their way to the thymus and turn off the system that could attack them and lead to rejection of the donated organs. | | | He said the effect was most dramatic in recipients of new hearts and lungs. |
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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/1999/04/21/national0244EDT0488.DTL&type=health
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| | Thymoglobulin surpasses Simulect in stopping kidney transplant rejection |
| | Interim study results showed that kidney transplant patients treated with Thymoglobulin were 2.5 times less likely to experience an acute kidney rejection than those treated with Simulect, the current leading induction therapy. | | | The interim analysis of the prospective, randomized, clinical study showed that only 8 of 106 patients (7.6%) receiving Thymoglobulin experienced an acute rejection, compared with 20 of 106 patients (19%) receiving Simulect (basiliximab-Novartis). | | | An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board that reviewed the interim analysis closed the study after determining that enrolling additional patients could not be justified. |
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http://www.pharmacist.com/articles/d_dn_0020.cfm
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| | Transplant Rejection Treatment |
| | These side effects make immunosuppression difficult for the patient, and significantly affect quality of life, as immunosuppressant therapy is often life-long. | | | This results in noticeable better results, as can be seen from the progression from 70%/30% human:murine drug Muromonab-CD3 to the experimental 90%/10% human:murine drugs Basiliximab and Daclizumab (both currently in clinical trials). | | | This would allow individuals to get rid of rejection-initiating lymphocytes, while not affecting the immune system as a whole. |
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http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2004_Groups/Group04/Side_Effects.htm
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Heart transplant |
| | Heart transplant surgery is not recommended for patients who have: | | | The downside of these drugs is that they weaken the body's natural defense against infection. | | | Normal activities can resume as soon as the patient feels well enough and after consulting with the doctor. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003003.htm
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| | Liver Transplant Program - Rejection |
| | Most transplant recipients will experience some kind of rejection, but that does not mean that they will lose their new liver. | | | Regular exercise is important to maintaining good health. | | | Your transplant team uses the results of these tests to monitor the levels of medications in your blood, as well as to check for infections, signs of rejection and other medical conditions. |
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http://www.va.gov/portland/Transplant/liver/rejection.htm
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| | Heart Info - Genetic Test Can Detect Heart Transplant Rejection |
| | Heart transplant patients have an average risk of 3 percent to 5 percent for moderate/severe rejection, and must be monitored for rejection for the rest of their lives. | | | The study found that patients with a low AlloMap score had less than 1 percent chance of rejection. | | | The researchers found that the AlloMap test appeared able to distinguish heart transplant patients who were rejecting their new heart from patients who weren't. |
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http://www.heartinfo.org/ms/news/529826/main.html
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| | URINE PROTEIN TEST: A TIPOFF TO KIDNEY TRANSPLANT REJECTION |
| | Seventeen patients had organ rejection and 15 had no rejection. | | | "This has the potential to radically change the way transplant patients are managed," says study co-author Ernesto P. Molmenti, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins. | | | Molmenti estimates that the test, when developed, will be far less expensive, safer and much less painful than a standard biopsy costing hundreds of dollars in which a doctor inserts a long needle into a patient's side to obtain a kidney tissue sample. |
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http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Press_releases/2004/05_19_04.html
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| | New Therapy Could Block Transplant Rejection : Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International |
| | After establishing that this therapy works in diabetic mice, researchers will need to try the same approach in animals that more closely resemble humans, such as monkeys. | | | As JDRF Executive Vice President for Research Richard Insel points out, this three-drug therapy could have far-reaching effects beyond islet transplantation. | | | The therapy, devised by scientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center at Harvard Medical School, raises the possibility that anti-rejection drugs could be used for a short period after an islet transplant and then discontinued, freeing the patient from lifelong immune suppression. |
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http://www.jdrf.org/index.cfm?page_id=100470
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| | Organ Rejection: Liver Transplant Patient Guide |
| | To prevent rejection from occurring, a recovering patient must take immunosuppressive medications, as prescribed, for the rest of his life. | | | As with all transplant patients, a patient may have biopsies at regular intervals to monitor his liver function. | | | A patient may not have any symptoms, but his liver-function tests may be abnormal, suggesting that rejection is occurring. |
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http://www.surgery.usc.edu/divisions/hep/patientguide/rejection.html
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| | Renal Transplant Evaluation |
| | Although no therapy is available, chronic rejection may stabilize and borderline function can be maintained for years. | | | Transplant patients with ATN generally lack the constitutional symptoms which are seen in acute transplant rejection. | | | Differential Diagnosis of ATN in the Renal Transplant Patient: |
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http://www.indyrad.iupui.edu/public/lectures/HTML/nm-rm/NucMed/GU05.HTM
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| | Early Warning Sign Predicts Heart Transplant Rejection |
| | Twenty of the 78 positive patients (25.6 percent) experienced rejection while only three (seven percent) of the 43 negative patients rejected their heart transplants. | | | Of the 121 heart transplant patients studied, 78 were found to be positive for the presence of the two marker molecules in their coronary arteries and 43 were negative. | | | Although not all patients who were positive for marker molecules in their coronary arteries developed coronary artery disease, the researchers estimate the disease will occur in 92.8 percent of of these patients within five years after heart transplantation, the authors write. |
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http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/3d2ea.htm
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| | Liver transplant rejection |
| | Despite taking anti rejection therapy, up to 60% of all patients develop some degree of acute rejection in the first few weeks following a transplant. | | | Others feel no symptoms at all but changes in liver function are detected on their blood tests. | | | A very small proportion of patients experience a different type of rejection – known as chronic rejection. |
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http://www.cambridge-transplant.org.uk/program/liver/liverrejection.htm
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| | New Scientist Breaking News - Duped cells may prevent transplant rejection |
| | The new technique could make tissue grafts invisible to the immune system, and would allow transplant recipients to circumvent the multiple side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, says Maggie Dallman, an immunologist at Imperial College London, UK, whose team is examining the method in mice. | | | Immunosuppressive drugs also make patients more susceptible to disease and have unpleasant side effects. | | | The process — which dupes the cells the human body uses to regulate its immunity — makes use of the natural immune-dampening effect of suppressor or regulatory T-cells. |
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http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7986&feedId=online-news_rss20
(660 words)
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| | IngentaConnect Long Term Management of Liver Transplant Rejection in Children |
| | Tacrolimus is effective in reversing refractory acute cellular rejection or early chronic rejection in patients initially treated with cyclosporin-based regimens. | | | Keywords: Anti interleukin 2 monoclonal antibody, therapeuti; Children; Cyclosporin, therapeutic use; Drug withdrawal; Immunosuppressants, therapeutic use; Liver transplant rejection, prevention; Liver transplant rejection, treatment; Mycophenolate mofetil, therapeutic use; Research and development; Sirolimus, therapeutic use; | | Retransplantation therapy for chronic rejection has, fortunately, become more rare in the tacrolimus era with only 3% of retransplants being performed for this indication. |
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http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/adis/bio/2000/00000014/00000001/art00004
(394 words)
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| | UpToDate Chronic lung transplant rejection: Bronchiolitis obliterans |
| | The clinical syndrome of chronic rejection and the infectious complications related to its treatment are the major sources of late morbidity and mortality after transplantation [1]. | | | The clinical aspects and treatment of chronic rejection appearing in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) are discussed here. | | | Chronic rejection is classified pathologically as either chronic vascular rejection or chronic airway rejection [2]. |
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http://patients.uptodate.com/topic.asp?file=lungtran/4394
(444 words)
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| | Transplant Rejection |
| | Test results prior to transplant led doctors to believe he may have some trouble with rejection. | | | Other meds have been changed and or increased. | | | Is a biopsy the only way to determine if rejection level is increasing or decreasing? |
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http://www.medhelp.org/forums/cardio/messages/30563a.html
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