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| | Species |
 | | A second tenet is that the essence of a kind is responsible for the traits typically associated with the members of that kind. | | | Kitcher is correct that biologists attempt to explain the traits of organisms in two ways: sometimes they cite the ultimate, or evolutionary, cause of a trait; other times they cite a structural feature of an organism with that trait. | | | A problem with Kitcher's approach is his characterization of biological practice. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/species
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| | Scorpio trait |
| | Scorpio trait - Behavior Genetics Research in scorpio behavior genetics has shown that almost all scorpio personality traits have both biological and environmental bases. | | | Scorpio trait experimental analysis of behavior,, and the philosophical underpinnings of this science, dominated zodiac psychology for much of the 20th century, with its main competitor being the more asrtologicaly oriented Scorpio Psychoanalysis. | | | It is important to note that there is no single gene for scorpio intelligence, scorpio personality traits, behavior, or even height. |
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http://www.onecer.net/scorpio/scorpio-trait.html
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| | Immortality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Since immortality is seen as a desire of humanity, themes involving immortality often explore the disadvantages as well as the advantages of such a trait. | | | As a thought experiment, suppose that clinical immortality were possible, in which through advanced life support machinery or similar, the bodily functions of a comatose human could be kept running in perpetuity. | | | In some parts of popular culture, immortality is not all that it is made out to be, possibly causing insanity and/or significant emotional pain. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immortality
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| | Biological Correlates of being Gay - Biological Determinism? |
| | In both cases, interest is in the biological basis of differences in human behavior (intelligence, sexual orientation). | | | So this study may give some insights to the biological basis of sexual orientation in humans, but it is only a first step in understanding the biological basis of these behaviors; the paper is in fact extremely modest in what it claims. | | | Biological Correlates of being Gay - Biological Determinism? |
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http://www.utexas.edu/courses/bio301d/Topics/Gay/Text.html
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| | Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) References |
| | Ball RD (2001) Bayesian methods for quantitative trait loci mapping based on model selection: approximate analysis using the Bayesian information criterion. | | | Jansen RC (2003) Studying complex biological systems using multifactorial perturbation. | | | Doerge RW (2002) Mapping and analysis of quantitative trait loci in experimental populations. |
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http://www.stat.wisc.edu/~yandell/statgen/reference/qtl.html
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| | Haley Downing |
| | One good example would be that of addiction: the habit of smoking may have begun as a social behavior, but as individuals continue this behavior, their body develops a biological dependency on the nicotine. | | | The functionally autonomous traits that will be discussed later were derived from the Freudian system of instinct theory and the theorizing of William James and his idea of the transitoriness of instincts (Allport, 1937). | | | The terms trait and habit may seem to be initially synonymous, but an important distinction and relationship exist between the two. |
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http://www.augustana.edu/users/psjohnson/adlerallportsamplepaper.htm
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| | the race/intelligence/IQ debate |
| | In other words, if the measuring device for IQ is biased, then showing association between IQ as it is measured and biological traits tells us little about variation in underlying "mental capacities" in the three groups that have been distinguished. | | | It follows that even if the difference in brain size is valid as an anthropometric trait, then while we would have an association between measured IQ and brain size, this would lead to a spurious association between "innate intelligence" and brain size. | | | The facts of variation in human herditary traits are interesting, and they can have important consequences. |
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http://danny.oz.au/communities/anthro-l/debates/race-iq
(4721 words)
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| | study.txt |
| | A set of biological traits are one's_______; while non-biological characteristics make up one's ______________. | | | d.) overgeneralized belief that a certain trait, behavior, or attitude characterizes all members of some identifiable group. | | | Adorno's Authoritarian Personality refers to a trait that people have in which some people are prejudice against. |
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http://www.nd.edu/~dmyers/courses/old/102au00/study.txt
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| | Gene Expression: BIOLOGICAL VERSUS CULTURAL EVOLUTION |
| | Biological traits are usually adaptive for the individuals who possess them, in the sense that possession of the trait enhances their reproductive fitness. | | | Individuals have no choice in receiving their biological inheritance, whereas people frequently do have a choice in deciding whether to accept some cultural trait. | | | With unimportant exceptions, biological heredity cannot transmit traits acquired during the lifetime of the individual, whereas cultural transmission frequently does. |
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http://www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/000205.html
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| | Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) References |
| | Ball RD (2001) Bayesian methods for quantitative trait loci mapping based on model selection: approximate analysis using the Bayesian information criterion. | | | Jansen RC (2003) Studying complex biological systems using multifactorial perturbation. | | | Doerge RW (2002) Mapping and analysis of quantitative trait loci in experimental populations. |
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http://www.stat.wisc.edu/~yandell/statgen/reference/qtl.html
(9554 words)
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| | Sex and Scientific Inquiry |
| | However, Lambert points out that conclusions about this trait are contradictory and it is thus difficult to determine if differences such as this are caused by the biological nature of a person, or if, and how much nurture or environment contributes to sex differences in things like spatial ability. | | | In the end, there is no way to completely distinguish if a difference in ability between males and females is completely biological, since socio-cultural aspects affect a person as well. | | | First of all, sex differences are not universal, and biological differences are not inevitable. |
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http://www.cs.hmc.edu/~kknudtzo/gender/sep15.html
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| | The Elusive Unit of Selection |
| | The point is that the thing which is selectively important may not be, in any useful sense, a "trait" of a single actor at all, but rather is a "trait" of some groups of actors, or perhaps of the S-lineage as a whole. | | | In the simplest case, the selectively important "trait" may not be "expressed" at all in certain members of the S-lineage - but they can pass it on, and thus do indeed contribute to the selective dynamics of the S-lineage as a whole. | | | The former corresponds to what is conventionally referred to as "kin selection" in biological Darwinism, (Dawkins 1979). |
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http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/~autonomy/ecal95/rpl-l2h/node3.html
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| | NIGMS -- News & Events: The Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits Workshop Report and Recommendations 1-29-98 |
| | Studies using animal models to explore the genetic architecture of complex traits should be supported in order to identify general principles and pathways and to gain a broad understanding of the biology of complex traits. | | | Such unpredictable, nonlinear interactions mean that the expression of the trait may not be anticipated from knowledge of the individual effects of each of the component factors considered alone, no matter how well understood the separate components may be. | | | Because the genetic architecture is a characteristic of a trait in a population, it is affected by population structure and population history--a fact that undermines the concept of a "disease gene." In a complex trait, there is no "disease gene" in the sense of a Mendelian factor that, by itself, causes a disease. |
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http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/reports/genetic_arch.html
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| | Proposed Field Trial of a Transgenic Arthropod, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) |
| | The trait engineered into the mite is merely a molecular marker, is not expressed, and does not alter the biological characteristics of the mite. | | | The movement of people, equipment, and biological materials into and out of the site will be closely monitored, with procedures in place to minimize the risk of escape of the transgenic organism. | | | Biological containment, however, may include the most effective mechanisms for minimizing dispersal of the transgenic organism to outside the test site. |
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http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/arthropod/permits/9532602r/32602rea.html
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| | Lecture 6: Patterns of Inheritance |
| | The next two lectures will consider in more detail how biological characteristics of organisms are passed from parent to offspring -- the study of the inheritance of biological traits is the area of biology known as genetics. | | | Mendel noticed that the inheritance of each trait appeared to be independent of (unaffected by) the inheritance of the other trait. | | | Sickle-cell disease is caused by an allele at the gene for hemoglobin -- besides effecting the shape of the red blood cell, this defect causes physical weakness, heart failure, impaired mental function, pneumonia, rheumatism and kidney failure. |
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http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/class/bio100/Lectures/Lect06/lect06.html
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| | Race and Identity in Contemporary Law |
| | Under the traditional view, race is a biological trait, susceptible of classification into four general types, and (in our more enlightened era) known to have no significant relation to culture. | | | Emerging views of "race," however, recognize the untenability of biological or anthropological definitions of the term, but also assert that race reflects a social construct that affects people's lives. | | | Indeed, the rejection of supremacist and biological determinist theories of race have led many, including some members of the United States Supreme Court, to conclude that race is merely a matter of skin color with no connection to any other aspect of society; therefore, government should almost never take note of it. |
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http://academic.udayton.edu/race/01race/race04.htm
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| | Species |
| | The universality of a biological trait in a species is fragile. | | | Supporters of the Biological Species Concept and related concepts believe that lineages of interbreeding sexual organisms are much more important in the evolution of life on this planet (Eldredge 1985). | | | Species are the fundamental taxonomic units of biological classification. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/species
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| | Verbal and Nonverbal Messages:Miscommunication and Language |
| | In general, this model views trait verbal aggressiveness as an expression of temperament; specifically, that trait verbal aggressiveness represents two thresholds for the fight or flight (FFS) neurobiological system. | | | The purpose of this study was to test Beatty and McCroskey's communibiological model of trait verbal aggressiveness. | | | The theory holds that verbal aggressiveness is an expressions of inborn, biological functioning. |
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http://novaonline.nv.cc.va.us/eli/spd110td/interper/message/Linksmisuselanguage.html
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| | R: Ecological and Biological Traits |
| | is a vector of the names of the biological traits. | | | is a vector of the numbers of items for each biological trait. | | | is a data frame containing the biological traits. |
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http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/ade4html/bsetal97.html
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| | Species |
| | The universality of a biological trait in a species is fragile. | | | Supporters of the Biological Species Concept and related concepts believe that lineages of interbreeding sexual organisms are much more important in the evolution of life on this planet (Eldredge 1985). | | | Species are the fundamental taxonomic units of biological classification. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/species
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| | State Forest Resource Management Plan - PA DCNR |
| | A natural area is an area of unique scenic, historic, geologic or ecological value, which will be maintained in a natural condition by allowing physical and biological processes to operate, usually without direct human intervention. | | | A natural area is an area of unique scenic, historic, geologic or ecological value that will be maintained in a natural condition by allowing physical and biological processes to operate, usually without direct human intervention. | | | Exceptions to this general policy may be exercised when it is clearly ecologically sound practice to favor certain trees because of a putative genetic trait (e.g., beech trees free of beech bark disease) (see Reservation Guidelines in Fauna Section). |
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http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/sfrmp/eco.htm
(127 words)
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| | Teleological Notions in Biology |
| | Accounts of biological function which refer to natural selection typically have the form that a trait's function or functions causally explain the existence or maintenance of that trait in a given population via the mechanism of natural selection. | | | Because it conflates the notions of design and function, it becomes necessary to mark the distinction between cases of selection with modification (function/design) and cases where a trait of an organism is coopted for a use for which it is not modified (exaptation). | | | Functional claims in biology are fully grounded in natural selection and are not derivative of psychological uses of notions such as design, intention, and purpose. |
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http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/stanford/entries/teleology-biology
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| | Weekly Standard |
| | Yet Knight and the FRC are so baffled by science (or so indifferent to it) that they do not even realize this paper they are avidly promoting is not saying sexual orientation isn't biological; Byne believes sexual orientation is a biological trait. | | | One neuroanatomist I spoke with--a straight, pro-choice New York City liberal who favors total political acceptance of homosexuality--growled, "While [conservatives] can't win the disease argument, and they can't win the choice argument, admitting that [homosexuality is] biological and unchosen is their trump card. | | | It was written by neuroanatomist Dr. William Byne and is a brilliant critique of the genetic research. |
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http://members.aol.com/GAYGENE/pages/standard.htm
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| | Gene Mutation Sheds Light on 'Morning Larks' |
| | As different genes may be involved in regulating different aspects of the biological clock, other families with different sleep disorders will need to be studied to determine the role of each gene. | | | Affected family members carry a specific genetic mutation that is autosomal dominant, meaning that odds of inheriting the trait from a single affected parent are 50:50. | | | What makes this discovery even more striking is that the mutated gene is similar to a specific gene in the hamster -- and even in the fruit fly-- that control the biological clock in these simpler creatures. |
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http://my.webmd.com/content/article/31/1728_69714
(5746 words)
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| | A genetic link to anorexia |
| | Linkage refers to the greater-than-chance likelihood that two separate DNA sequences will be close to one another on the same chromosome, supplying biological evidence for a genetic trait if seen among two or more family members. | | | Researchers have discovered biological evidence of a genetic underpinning to anorexia nervosa: genetic linkage on chromosome 1 for the complex psychiatric disorder. | | | Using genetic linkage analysis, the study compared DNA samples of people suffering from anorexia nervosa with those of family members who also have an eating disorder, noting where on a person's "genetic map" certain genetic markers aggregated. |
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http://www.apa.org/monitor/mar02/genetic.html
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| | Identification of candidate disease genes using text mining with controlled vocabularies |
| | The candidate gene approach has focused on the search for linkage disequilibrium between the disease and candidate genes, followed by direct examination of the biological candidates; however ignorance about the biology of most complex diseases combined with the large number of candidate disease genes have confounded the process of defining biological candidates. | | | The regions of interest defined through such complex-trait linkage studies may contain many hundreds of genes. | | | We have focused on identifying candidate genes known to be expressed in tissues and cells affected in the disease of interest, and we propose the filtering of candidate disease gene sets according to the expression profiles of those genes. |
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http://www.iscb.org/ismb2004/posters/nickiATsanbi.ac.za_769.html
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| | ARS Publication request: Evaluation of Candidate Gene Effects for Beef Backfat Via Bayesian Model Selectionj |
| | Interpretive Summary: A candidate gene is one with biological actions involved in the development or physiology of the trait of interest (functional candidate gene) or chosen from the neighborhood of previous identified QTLs (positional candidate gene). | | | Polymorphisms within selected candidate genes can be tested for association with variation in the quantitative trait so as to better understand their effects. | | | Technical Abstract: Candidate gene approaches provide a tool for exploring and localizing causative genes affecting quantitative traits and the underlying variation may be better understood by determining the relative magnitudes of effects of their polymorphic. |
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http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=172226
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| | alt.support.shyness FAQ--Overcome shyness, make friends |
| | Said one shy person, "it's frustrating to try to be a good person, yet still to be disliked because of your shyness." And unfortunately, the one "negative" trait of shyness can easily offset a dozen other fine qualities in people's minds-especially if that negative trait keeps people from seeing the other, more positive traits. | | | This is not to say that shyness has a biological basis in all people. | | | Shy people, due to their lack of popularity and assertiveness, may be especially susceptible to this kind of treatment. |
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http://members.aol.com/cybernettr/shyness.html
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| | Shyness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A 1996 study of anxiety-related traits (shyness being one of these) remarked that, "Although twin studies have indicated that individual variation in measures of anxiety-related personality traits is 40-60% heritable, none of the relevant genes has yet been identified," and that "10 to 15 genes might be predicted to be involved" in the anxiety trait. | | | Shy people tend to perceive their own shyness as a negative trait and many people are uneasy with shyness, especially in cultures that value individuality and taking charge. | | | The genetics of shyness is a relatively small area of research that has been receiving an even smaller amount of attention, although papers on the biological bases of shyness date back at least to 1988. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shyness
(978 words)
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