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Topic: Toxin


  
 Medmicro Chapter 18
Type A toxin is used therapeutically to treat a variety of conditions involving involuntary muscle spasms, including strabismus and certain focal dystonias.
This therapy takes advantage the effect of the toxin as a specific muscle relaxant.
In wound botulism, debridement and antibiotic therapy with penicillin are used to eliminate the offending organism.
http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch018.htm   (9599 words)

  
 eMedicine - Botulinum Toxin : Article by Zoltan Trizna, MD, PhD
Botulinum toxin is also used to treat other conditions.
Therefore, advising the patient not to massage the injected areas is important.
The injections are performed under electromyographic control, and the needle should be inserted perpendicular to the muscle fibers.
http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic779.htm   (3512 words)

  
 Clinical Trial: Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Involuntary Movement Disorders
The application of botulinum toxin therapy to movement disorders requires treatment tailored to the individual patient and specific techniques of injection.
The study examines the effectiveness of botulinum toxin as treatment for a variety of movement disorders.
The goals of the study are to refine the technique of treatment to provide the best results, to improve the understanding of how botulinum toxin works on movement disorders, and find other conditions that may be treatable with botulinum toxin.
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001208?order=4   (529 words)

  
 Botulin toxin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Treatment and prevention of chronic headache and chronic musculoskeletal pain are emerging uses for botulinum toxin type A. In addition, there is evidence that Botox® may aid in weight loss by increasing the gastric emptying time.
By 1973, Alan B Scott, MD, of Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute used botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in monkey experiments, and, in 1980, he officially used BTX-A for the first time in humans to treat strabismus.
Injections of botulinum A toxin for the treatment of anal fissures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulin_toxin   (1567 words)

  
 DMRF: Botulinum Toxin Injections
There are programs in place to help facilitate access to botulinum toxin and to assist patients with or without medical insurance achieve appropriate reimbursement for their treatment.
In the late sixties, Alan B. Scott, MD, of the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Foundation and Edward J. Schantz, PhD, Director of Food Microbiology and Toxicology at the University of Wisconsin were researching a substance to relax certain eye muscles causing strabismus (cross-eye).
If deep muscles become involved, it may be difficult to access those muscles.
http://www.dystonia-foundation.org/treatment/botox.asp   (1269 words)

  
 Botulinum toxin, BOTOX®, Dysport®. DermNet NZ
To reduce sweating, tiny injections are placed in the affected area at about 1cm intervals; this can be quite painful especially if the hands are injected, so local anaesthetic may be required.
Many people find after three or four treatments to glabellar lines that they don't need another one for a long time; the muscle has markedly weakened or they have broken the bad habit that led to the frowning or squinting originally.
The muscle strengthens again as the nerves regenerate.
http://www.dermnetnz.org/procedures/botox.html   (759 words)

  
 Toxin
Toxin hasn't barley started yet so I can't say much on his development, but I thick it's cool to see that a symbiote has a separate personality from his host.
I wonder what would happen if Toxin ran into some of the other members of the symbiote family such as Hybrid or even Scream.
Apparently for symbiotes that takes a lot out of them (like humans) so his powers were weakened because he was still recovering form the birth pains.
http://www.killermovies.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-315060-toxin.html   (5654 words)

  
 MedlinePlus Drug Information: Botulinum Toxin Type A (Parenteral-Local )
Heart problems or other medical conditions that may worsen with rapidly increasing activity—Treatment with botulinum toxin type A may give you better vision and the desire to become more active in your daily life; this may put a strain on your heart and body
Tell your health care professional if you are using any other ophthalmic prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Older adults—Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202608.html   (1248 words)

  
 Toxin Gene Expression by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli: the Role of Antibiotics and the Bacterial SOS Response
The potential importance a link between the SOS response and prophage induction for Stx1 and Stx2 expression has been reinforced by recent sequencing and pathogenicity studies (11,14,15).
We report kinetics (Figure 3) somewhat slower than those we observed previously in the shaken conical flask incubations (12).
Low-level release of Shiga-like toxin (verocytotoxin) and endotoxin from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli treated with imipenem.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol6no5/kimmett.htm   (3558 words)

  
 Structure of Anthrax Toxin - chime animated molecular models
This may occur on the skin or within the lung of a human or animal.
In early stages infections are cured by antibiotics, with ciprofloxacin as drug of choice.
Once inside a body the bacilli grow to high titers, aided by the toxin in overcoming host defense.
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/lehre/bza/molnews/anthrax/anthrax.htm   (1032 words)

  
 Botulinum Toxin
Botulinum toxin (Botox) for treatment of migraines and tension headaches
Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider if you have questions regarding a medical condition or treatment.
Botulinum toxin for treatment of primary chronic headache disorders.
http://www.bcbst.com/mpmanual/botulinum_toxin.htm   (1141 words)

  
 Disease Listing, Botulism, General Information CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
Infants with botulism appear lethargic, feed poorly, are constipated, and have a weak cry and poor muscle tone.
This can prevent patients from worsening, but recovery still takes many weeks.
These are all symptoms of the muscle paralysis caused by the bacterial toxin.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism_g.htm   (1084 words)

  
 Public - Botulinum Toxin Poisoning - Prevention
Clean needles and attention to skin lesions to prevent botulinum toxin poisoning in intravenous drug abusers
The information included herein should never be used as a substitute for clinical judgment and does not represent an official position of ACP.
Recognize that botulinum toxin poisoning can occur in patients with traumatic wound infections or in those who use intravenous drugs.
http://pier.acponline.org/physicians/public/d995/primary.prevention/d995-s1.html   (553 words)

  
 Botulinum Toxin Injections: A treatment for muscle spasms -- familydoctor.org
Botulinum toxin is mixed with saline (salt water) and injected into the muscle with a tiny needle.
Botulinum Toxin Injections: A treatment for muscle spasms
Your doctor may be considering botulinum toxin injections to treat certain muscle spasms on your face or eyelids.
http://familydoctor.org/handouts/017.html   (378 words)

  
 Botulinum Toxin Treatment - Children's Hemiplegia and Stroke Association
Botulinum toxin in the management of childhood muscle spasticity: comparison of clinical practice
Functional improvement in cerebral palsy patients treated with botulinum toxin A
Botulinum toxin as a treatment for infantile cerebral palsy
http://www.chasa.org/botulinum_toxin.htm   (603 words)

  
 Botulinum Toxin: A Poison That Can Heal
Although the two eye conditions are the only indications for which it is licensed, botulinum toxin has been used investigationally for a variety of other conditions.
Luba Vangelova is a writer in Takoma Park, Md.
Because of this, up to 10 percent of patients eventually develop antibodies to the toxin; this is more likely in patients who receive higher doses at more frequent intervals.
http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/095_bot.html   (2239 words)

  
 Bacterial Toxins: Friends or Foes?
Such toxoid vaccines have had an important positive impact on public health.
Formaldehyde treatment is used to detoxify the diphtheria and tetanus toxins for vaccine formulation.
New vaccines aimed at toxins are in various stages of development: research and development, preclinical, phase I, phase II, or phase III (74).
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol5no2/schmitt.htm   (5506 words)

  
 ToX - The Toronto XML Server
description - demo - publications - people - ToXin - ToXgene
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/tox   (507 words)

  
 Botulinum Toxin: A Deadly Poison Sheds Its Negative Image -- Simpson 125 (7): 616 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
Arnon SS, Midura TF, Damus K, Wood RM, Chin J. Intestinal infection and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum as one cause of sudden infant death syndrome.
Botulinum toxin is being used to treat such
Another reason is the use of the toxin as a therapeutic
http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/125/7/616   (1162 words)

  
 JAMA -- Botulinum Toxin as a Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health Management, February 28, 2001, Arnon et al. ...
The toxin does not penetrate brain parenchyma, so
As an indication of the extreme potency of botulinum toxin, the patient had 40
toxin levels found in foodborne botulism patients, and additional
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/285/8/1059   (4104 words)

  
 Botulinum Toxin
In tiny doses, the toxin is injected as a treatment for eyelid muscle spasms, migraine headaches, and other conditions.
Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Consensus statement: botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management.
http://healthlibrary.epnet.com/GetContent.aspx?token=af362d97-4f80-4453-a175-02cc6220a387&chunkiid=12006   (831 words)

  
 Toxin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In the context of complementary medicine the term is often used as a broader category of any harmful substance claimed to cause ill health, though mainstream scientists argue that the nature of such substances is usually unproven.
The toxins may be produced either in the living body during infection (for instance, by tetanus) or by bacteria in dead biological material.
For a list of biologically injurious substances, including toxins and other materials, as well as their effects, see poison.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin   (423 words)

  
 Toxin definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
Tetanus - Tetanus (lockjaw) is a toxin produced by the bacteria affects the function of the nerves and leads to severe muscle spasms in the abdomen, neck, stomach, and extremities.
Toxin definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
Botox to Treat Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Multiple Sclerosis treatment using botox
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5828   (288 words)

  
 Botulism; Botulinum toxin
Botulinum toxin may be absorbed from respiratory system
Sequence homology (30% to 40%) to tetanus toxin
Susceptibility of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons to specific botulinum and tetanus toxins
http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nother/bot.htm   (870 words)

  
 toxin - Columbia Encyclopedia article about toxin
By introducing small amounts of a specific toxin into the healthy body, it is possible to stimulate the production of antitoxin so that the body's defenses are already established against invasion by the bacteria or other organisms that produce the toxin.
Such antigens are capable of inflicting damage by chemically combining with natural substances in the body and disrupting the body's processes.
Toxoids are protein toxins that have been heated or chemically treated to deprive them of their toxicity but not of the ability to induce the formation of antibodies.
http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/toxin   (387 words)

  
 AB5 bacterial toxin project
Because these toxins stimulate the mucosal immune system, there is great interest in using an engineered form of the toxin as a basis for the design of vaccines against a wide range of diseases.
In order to use the toxin as a vaccine component it is obviously desirable to reduce or abolish the cytotoxicity while retaining the toxins ability to stimulate the immune system.
The closely-related shiga toxin family comprises a number of toxins from Shigella dysenteriae and the `shiga-like' toxins (also known as verotoxins) from E.
http://www.bmsc.washington.edu/projects/toxins.html   (847 words)

  
 Anthrax Toxin Receptor
An effective antidote to toxin is crucial because once the flulike symptoms of inhalation anthrax become apparent, it is generally too late for medical intervention.
The researchers hope that some or all of the methods may eventually lead to an antidote against anthrax infection.
To prove the cells had lost their toxin receptors, the Wisconsin researchers elicited the help of Jeremy Mogridge, a postdoctoral fellow in Collier's lab at Harvard Medical School.
http://www.hms.harvard.edu/news/releases/1001collier.html   (656 words)

  
 Ricin Toxin, Bioterrorism, Castor Bean Plant, Ricin Poisoning
Hospital care is necessary to support the victim and treat the effects of ricin toxin.
The time from exposure to ricin toxin to onset of symptoms can range from less than 1 hour to 12 hours or greater.
While there has been relatively little human experience with the ricin toxin, poisoning can occur following inhalation, ingestion, or injection of the toxin.
http://www.ricin.ws   (630 words)

  
 Chemical Neutralizes Anthrax Toxin: Science News Online, Oct. 6, 2001
Since no drug in use at present disables the toxin, Collier and his colleagues set out to create such a compound.
Nevertheless, the concept of neutralizing anthrax toxin has appeal because the current treatments, which target the bacterium, and the vaccine now in use have drawbacks.
Crystal structure of the anthrax toxin protective antigen.
http://www.sciencenews.org/20011006/fob1.asp   (626 words)

  
 MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Stool C. difficile toxin
difficile toxins are likely present in the stool and are causing diarrhea.
difficile toxin is not 100% sensitive, several stool samples may be needed to detect it.
There are no risks associated with testing for C.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003590.htm   (506 words)

  
 Legal Definition of Toxin
TOXIN - Whatever its origin or method of production - any poisonous substance produced by a living organism; or any poisonous isomer, homolog, or derivative of such a substance.
Court, Business and Personal Forms for all Situations and Locations
Close it when you're done and you may be back here.)
http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/t034.htm   (59 words)

  
 toxin
A toxin generally refers to a naturally occurring substance that is poisonous (toxic) to your body in some way
Toxins can be secreted by bacteria (examples: food poisoning, bacterial gastroenteritis, toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever or scarletina), diphtheria, or perhaps be found in a plant (example: poisonous mushrooms) or food (example: aflatoxin, a toxin in peanuts).
As opposed to a poison, which would imply a chemical, for example arsenic or lead.
http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/T/toxin.html   (71 words)

  
 RICIN TOXIN FROM CASTOR BEAN PLANT, RICINUS COMMUNIS
Retrograde axonal transport mechanisms bring the toxin to the neuronal cell bodies where the ribosomes are localized.
Ricin is one of the most poisonous naturally occuring substances known.
Strategies in suicide transport work very well in studies of adult peripheral sensory and motor neurons because they are sensitive to ricin.
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/toxicagents/ricin/ricin.html   (2008 words)

  
 Toxin (Peacekeepers, Blackwulf character)
Toxin warned Dr. Maddox away from him, disgusted by his true form.
Sparrow was determined to have revenge, but Toxin knocked her out with a sedative for her own good.
(Blackwulf#4)- Toxin and the rest of the Underground were set free by Dr. Maddox and the Prime Skrull, and departed the base after Blackwulf brought them Wildwind's body.
http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/toxinwulf.htm   (572 words)

  
 toxinalert.com
As we bring this product to market, additional applications of Toxin Guard™ diagnostic technology will also be developed.
Toxin Alert is in the business of protecting consumers from unsafe food.
Toxin Guard™ is a US-patented food freshness and safety test, inexpensively incorporated into conventional plastic food wrap and other kinds of packaging.
http://www.toxinalert.com   (107 words)

  
 Numb3rs: Toxin - TV.com
In Toxin, it was revealed his first name is Ian, and he was named by the same person who created the character - Ken Sanzel.
Tell the world what you think of Toxin.
Alan: (perturbed) Another person might think that our educational system has failed you completely, Charlie.
http://www.tv.com/numb3rs/toxin/episode/540392/summary.html   (446 words)

  
 Atypical cpb2 Genes, Encoding Beta2-Toxin in Clostridium perfringens Isolates of Nonporcine Origin -- Jost et al. 73 ...
are well documented (11), the roles of other toxins, such as
Beta2 toxin, a novel toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens.
Detection of the beta2 toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens in diarrhoeic piglets in The Netherlands and Switzerland.
http://iai.asm.org/cgi/content/full/73/1/652   (3088 words)

  
 tOXin (Start Page)
Initial studies have shown that the toxin is a small polypeptide that is only 9 amino acids long (see image at right).
Once this is known, perhaps a vaccine can be developed to immunize the population.
At this point, the actual amino acid sequence of the polypeptide hasn't been worked out.
http://www.zerobio.com/toxin/dna_0.htm   (229 words)

  
 toxin - Wiktionary
The word "toxin" comes from the Greek "toxikon" which means "arrow poison".
AOL users can access Wiktionary through this link after accepting the CACERT certificate.
This page was last modified 06:52, 8 February 2006.
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toxin   (42 words)

  
 eBay - Book: Toxin (ISBN: 0399143483)
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http://product.ebay.com/Toxin_ISBN_0399143483_W0QQfvcsZ1390QQsoprZ1813885   (839 words)

  
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http://product.ebay.com/Toxin_ISBN_0399143165_W0QQfvcsZ2178QQsoprZ361706   (665 words)

  
 ClanBase - -=} ToXiN {=-
[ToXiN] is gaming since November 2001, Visit us @ mirc: #ToXiN We started as an UT clan but we play UT2004 now.
http://www.clanbase.com/claninfo.php?cid=141054   (47 words)

  
 BT Toxin Resources
Consequences of Shared Toxins in Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis for Resistance in Diamondback Moth
"Beneficial Organism of the Week - A Bacterium" - a brief desription of Bt toxins
"Bacillus whatsit whatsit??" by Ed Grafius, a basic description of Bt toxins
http://www.nal.usda.gov/bic/BTTOX/bttoxin.htm   (2005 words)

  
 Encyclopedia Search (Search FastHealth.com) Encyclopedia Search
BEBRF Blepharospasm Pages - dystonia, blepharospasm, Meige syndrome, publications, botulinum toxin, dry eye, blefro, hemi-facial, hemifacial, oromandibular, eye lid, eyelid, focal dystonia
Not Just Another Scare: Toxin Additives in Your Food and Drink
http://search.fasthealth.com/cgi-bin/texis/webinator/ency?query=Toxin&...   (51 words)

  
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