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| | Four humours - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The Unani school of Indian medicine, still apparently practiced in India, is very similar to Galenic medicine in its emphasis on the four humours, and in treatments based on controlling intake, general environment, and the use of purging as a way of relieving humoral imbalances. | | | In traditional medicine practiced before the advent of modern technology, the four humours (or four humors) were four fluids that were thought to permeate the body and influence its health. | | | There are still remnants of the theory of the four humours in the current medical language. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_humours
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| | Understanding DISC: What is Behaviour? |
| | So successful was their approach that, even today, the words 'humour' (meaning 'mood'), 'sanguine', 'phlegmatic' and 'melancholic' are still in common use. | | | To the ancient Greeks, the ways in which a person behaved were an integral part of their general health. | | | There are many modern theories of behaviour based on the idea of four factors. |
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http://www.discusonline.com/udisc/history.html
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| | Humours |
| | Diagnoses of health and personality type were largely based upon the theory of humours, or bodily fluids. | | | This, in turn, was based on the theory of the elements and the basic properties. | | | Such a well-balanced body has a healthy complexio, or temperamentum. |
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http://individual.utoronto.ca/scoville/chaucer/humours.html
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| | Renaissance Secrets |
| | The four main instruments of surgery were: a hand operated drill, a multi-purpose extractor for removing teeth, a surgical saw and forceps (for everything else). | | | In towns where there were no doctors or surgeons, the person to see for surgery was the local barber. |
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http://www.open2.net/renaissance2/chat/henderson_chat.html
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| | Hamlet: A Humoral Diagnosis |
| | The physiological aspects of the four humors were inextricably linked with the psychological. | | | While Laurentius deals little with the passions of the mind and their effects on human functioning, Robert Burton discussed it in his Anatomy. | | | He describes how the passions of the mind influence the body humours, thereby producing changes in the body and mind: |
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http://www.engl.uvic.ca/Faculty/MBHomePage/ISShakespeare/Resources/WorldView/humours.html
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| | Erowid Jonathan Ott Vault : Idiosyncracy and Pharmacophilia |
| | Like the theory of the Hippocratic Humours, the Doctrine of Signatures revolved around a superficial fixation on gross anatomy, whether of the patient or the putative panacea, and there have been repeated iterations of such in the long history of healing, which yet remains as much art as science. | | | At risk of stepping into the hornets' nest of the 'nature versus nurture' controversy, and repudiating from the outset any racial generalizations or eugenic conceptions extrapolable from this, I wish to examine the genetic aspects of human biochemical individuality, particularly neurochemical individuality, as such pertain to the pharmacology of inebriants. | | | Although reviled by some as the prototypical charlatan and medical mountebank, Paracelsus is rightly revered as a father of scientific medicine; a heroic heresiarch who dared challenge hidebound hewing to a hagiarchy of healing! |
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http://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/ott_jonathan/ott_jonathan_pharmacophilia.shtml
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| | The Four Humours |
| | Choleric with the ego (which Steiner associates with "warmth", hence "fire"), the Sanguine with the astral body, the Phlegmatic with the etheric body, and the Melancholic with the physical body. | | | Unani medicine considers many factors in maintaining health and divides the body in a number of ways to define this wisdom. | | | A brief survey by Richard Dagan - includes some modern psychological theories and applications |
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http://www.kheper.net/topics/typology/four_humours.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Therapy within Galenic medicine is based on restoring the balance of the four humours. | | | Thus the Galenists did not have the notion of a disease as something existing in itself that could affect the body by invading it; all diseases for them were imbalances of the humours. | | | Medicines developed in association with this theory were usually composed of many biological components (up to 60 or even 70). |
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http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/gregory/325/handouts/h16_para.doc
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| | Energetics of Western Herbs |
| | JR: This is also comparable to Chinese medicine because the humours were like body fluids or essences of the body. | | | He didn't do it in a very systematic way, but he did make reference to herbs that affected the four temperaments and used that basic system. | | | JR: If you wanted to look at it from the point of development of theories, perhaps we could start with the development of the theory of the four elements. |
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http://www.acuall.org/publications/newsletter/articles/jross.htm
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| | Constitution and Temperament: Chapter Four, Mappa Mundi |
| | Each of the four types are associated with certain emotions and body types. | | | I presume this is the same tradition as Jeremy uses. | | | With these correspondences in mind please look at the Mappa Mundi below and allow the images to take hold of your subconscious mind where they may draw on information from the collective unconscious. |
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http://www.simillimum.com/Thelittlelibrary/Constitutionaetiologymiasm/temperament4.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Its penetration into these areas stems partly from the fact that it does not touch upon the tricky aspect of mental health, which is better dealt with by trained counseling psychologists and psychiatrists. | | | Recently, there have been more modern and refined "Four Temperament" models, such as Keirsey and Bates, who found that the sixteen personality types can be summarized into four temperaments which parallel (if only approximately) the four Hippocratic humours of Sanguine, Melancholic, Choleric and Phlegmatic.) 5) Resource Materials on Personality Typing. | | | In a nutshell, personality typing essentially assumes that our whole personality can be divided into four orthogonal (or independent) areas or scales: energizing, attending, deciding, and living (defined in detail below). |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/psychology/alt.psychology.personality/FAQ.almost
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| | Aquamoonlight Astrology - Elements in Astrology: Fire Earth Air Water |
| | They tend to feel things very deeply and function from an emotional level whether that be in a positive or negative manner. | | | This is particularly used in Medical Astrology to provide a holistic basis for treatment. | | | Each relates to a type of person and their basic make-up. |
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http://www.aquamoonlight.co.uk/elements.html
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| | Pilobolus |
| | I try to find a deeper emotional meaning in the movement when in "The Four Humours" these exchanges are presented several times with differing energies, not to mention with alternating mugging and pouting from the performers, but in the end it's just the gimmick. | | | Though their reviews maintain a much more positive response, my sense is that this is close to an hour of stereotypical Pilobolus fare. | | | There are only so many times I can watch two to six people engage in the trademark weight-shifting, moving-as-one-in-a-circular-path sequences that show up repeatedly in both Barnett/Wolken works. |
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http://www.danceinsider.com/f2002/f0627_1.html
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| | PBS - Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street |
| | Galen's theory of the four vital "humours" - blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile - was the basis for almost all medical practice. | | | The theory went that if you removed the patient's blood, the body would be relieved of that overproduced humour and could then function more freely with what was left. | | | Most doctors did not study their patients' symptoms. |
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http://www.pbs.org/kqed/demonbarber/bloodletting/thehumours.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Army doctor, treated gladiators, public experiments, heart controlled body not the brain, became doctor to Emperor, visited medical school in Alexandria, four humours, observation, dissection, wrote books, Galen fitted with church’s ideas. | | | Importance of learning, belief that God provides a cure for all illnesses, hospitals, medical training, physiotherapy, drugs then surgery, only qualified people allowed to practice, importance of cleanliness. | | | What part did the army play in the development of Roman medicine surgeons gained experience and found new cures. |
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http://www.historyonthenet.com/Lessons/worksheets/medicine_through_time/Medicine_test_to_middleages_marks.doc
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| | The Four Humours |
| | The Theory of the Four Humours was an important development in medical knowledge which originated in the works of Aristotle. | | | Man also accredited with the 4 Humours theory | | | The logical cure therefore is to 'bleed' the patient. |
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http://www.educationforum.co.uk/greekscross.htm
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| | Islamset - Cardiology of Arabian Medicine |
| | Considering therapy, this was again dictated by the four humours theory. | | | In addition to the humours, Galen also believed in what he called the "pneuma"- a material but very subtle component carried by the blood and responsible for guiding many body processes. | | | Since disease was the result of a disturbance of their balance, treatment consisted in an attempt to restore this balance by applying measures and using drugs possessing the opposite effect. |
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http://www.islamset.com/heritage/Arabian/Cardiology.html
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| | Of the Matter of Melancholy |
| | If it be within the body, and not putrefied, it causeth black jaundice; if putrefied, a quartan ague; if it break out to the skin, leprosy; if to parts, several maladies, as scurvy, andc. | | | Galen holds it may be engendered of three alone, excluding phlegm, or pituita, whose true assertion Valesius and Menardus stiffly maintain, and so doth Fuschius, Montaltus, Montanus. | | | From melancholy adust ariseth one kind; from choler another, which is most brutish; another from phlegm, which is dull; and the last from blood, which is best. |
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http://www.exclassics.com/anatomy/anat31.htm
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| | The Hippocratic Oath |
| | The Hellenic (a name of ancient Greek people.) themselves did not have a concept of germ theory, rather their view of human physiology was predominated by the ideas of essentialism. | | | Prior to the 6th century, medicinal practices focused largely on the supernatural, with a more clinical approach, which involved observation and experience. | | | Depending on the mixtures of the four humours, a person would have specific traits ascribed to them, these traits were not only intellectual, but were also physiological in expression. |
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http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/aegean/culture/greekmedicine.html
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| | BBC - GCSE Bitesize - History Medicine through time Galen |
| | if a patient had a fever, his body needed cooling to restore the balance of humours therefore a cold drink might be prescribed. | | | Doctors could restore the balance by treating patients e.g. | | | They believed that imbalance in any of these caused illness. |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/medicine/medievalmedicineandgalenrev2.shtml
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| | [No title] |
| | Oftentimes astrology and the supernatural arts were relied upon to determine the causative elements and treatment of a disease. | | | Black bile justified someone's gluttony, laziness, or sentiment. | | | The humours each had associated physical and mental characteristics; the result was a system that was quite subtle in its capacity for describing types of personality. |
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http://web.tiscali.it/mgtun/elizabethan_beliefs.htm
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| | EN World - Morrus' D&D / d20 News & Reviews Site - Help me with Medieval Medicinal Knowledge of the Four Humours |
| | "Humor (from Latin "liquid," or "fluid"), in early Western physiological theory, one of the four fluids of the body that were thought to determine a person's temperament and features. | | | How exactly were leeches used for balancing them by draining blood (I mean, what was the full theory behind it?). | | | In the ancient physiological theory still current in the European Middle Ages and later, the four cardinal humours were blood, phlegm, choler (yellow bile), and melancholy (black bile); the variant mixtures of these humours in different persons determined their "complexions," or "temperaments," their physical and mental qualities, and their dispositions. |
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http://www.enworld.org/forums/showthread.php?t=68913
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| | Hippocrates, The Father of Western Clinical Medicine |
| | Perhaps Hippocrates's greatest gift to the tradition of the Greek naturalism was to apply the theory of the five elements to physical constitutions of his patients. | | | He was most interested in direct observations of the four elements and humours in the constitution of his patients and the effects of environment on the health. | | | Hahnemann integrated the Hippocratic Temperaments and humours into the classical materia medica because it help us understand 'who' we are treating as well as 'what' they suffer. |
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http://www.simillimum.com/Thelittlelibrary/References/Hipp.html
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| | BBC - GCSE Bitesize - History Medicine through time Ancient Greece |
| | four humours inside each human being affected a person's health. | | | They believed that an imbalance in any of these caused illness and doctors could restore the balance by, for example, blood-letting. | | | This theory, though wrong, was important because it was believed for many centuries afterwards. |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/medicine/ancientandgreekmedicinerev4.shtml
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| | Collect Medical Antiques -- Bloodletting and the Four Humors |
| | Bloodletting represents the folly of the past, the sorcery and the misguided physiology that we now proudly say marked the dark ages of medicine - or did it (1)? | | | MEDICINE: Perspectives in History and Art The history of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and quack medicine is told by physicians, patients, nurses, writers, poets, artists, and many others through their quotes, letters, and art. | | | Each fluid was associated with a specific personality characteristic. |
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http://www.collectmedicalantiques.com/bloodletting.html
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| | Skyscript: Sanguine: the Jupiterian Temperament by Scot Whitters |
| | Secondly, it gave the Astrologer ("and indeed none else are fit to make physicians" - Culpeper) a basis from which he could understand what imbalances were prevalent in his patient's body and prescribe accordingly. | | | So, just as the Sanguine humour of blood refreshes the vital and animal spirits in the body, revitalising the life spirit and the procreation of new life are activities associated with the wakening of the earth in Spring after the slumber of winter. | | | It passes from the liver to the heart where it revitalises the vital spirit and to brain where it revitalises the animal spirits. |
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http://www.skyscript.co.uk/sanguine.html
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| | The Humor of Four Humors |
| | Of all the psychotic theories that have been proposed in the history of science, Hippocrate's theory of four humors is by far one of the most outlandish. | | | The four elements also come into play in his wacky four humors theory. | | | To sum up the man in a nutshell, Hippocrates said that personality and illness is dependent upon four humors that usually lie in the body. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/hangar/6739/fourhumors.html
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| | Telegraph Health Give me a recipe with humour |
| | But an excess, or lack, of one or more humours could cause illness or a personality change. | | | It was believed that when all four humours were balanced, good health was maintained. | | | Melancholic: this caused a person to be cold and dry, and, as its name suggests, those with a tendency to this humour often suffered depression. |
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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=P8&targetRule=10&xml=/health/2004/07/14/hmed14.xml
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| | Life in Elizabethan England 31: Science and Health |
| | In the human body, the humours are the natural bodily fluids. | | | Doctors bleed their patients to restore this balance, because blood is considered to have pre-eminence over the other humours. | | | When the humours are all in balance in a person, he or she is completely healthy. |
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http://renaissance.dm.net/compendium/31.html
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| | Messe it Forth |
| | Men and women were supposedly influenced by the bodily presence of these Humours, with the excess of any one of them affecting personality, feelings, and behavior. | | | A person with increased Melancholy was said to "loveth and desyre dethe" and to be prone to delusions and depression, but to also be sensitive and perhaps dignified. | | | These four qualities, or conditions, were Melancholy, Choler, Phlegm, and Blood (with many other names and versions also in existence). |
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http://www.godecookery.com/feastpre/feastpre.htm
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| | The Four (or Five) Elements |
| | Indian thought as represented by the Upanishads and the tattwa system as codified in theClassical Samkhya of: Ishvarakrsna (c. | | | Most traditional cosmologies speak of four or five fundamental Elements. | | | identified four fundamental elements: earth, air, fire, and water (see diagram at top of page), which became the basis for western thinking about the natural (especially inanimate) world right up untill the rise of chemistry in the 18th centry. |
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http://www.kheper.net/topics/cosmology/elements.html
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| | FOUR ELEMENTS RENGA |
| | The body, he theorized, was composed of four "humours" corresponding to each of the elements. | | | In the fifth century BCE, Empedocles, a Greek philosopher, developed a theory that the universe was composed of four basic elements: fire, earth, air and water. | | | NOTE: This first version of the Four Elements renga contains 18 verses. |
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http://thewordshop.tripod.com/asian/Japan/4elrenga.html
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| | THE FOUR HUMOURS |
| | These humours could go out of balance, and could also be influenced by the | | | qualities elements temperaments/ humours |
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http://www.umsl.edu/divisions/artscience/english/faculty/grady/HUMOUR2.htm
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| | Classical Ideas p5 |
| | Out of the excess or deficiency or misproportion of these four humours there arise disease; by restoring the correct proportion diseases are cured" (Bergland, p40) | | | Galen further assigned the three largest organs of the body to be the seat of the three Aristotlean souls; the liver was the seat of the | | | "In the universe there are four elements - fire, air, water and earth; and in the living body there are four humours, black bile, yellow bile, sanguine and phlegm. |
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http://www.culture.com.au/brain_proj/CONTENT/CLASS_05.HTM
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| | [No title] |
| | If the humours were in balance more natural explanations of disease. | | | If the humours were out of balanceblood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.The Greeks believed that everything was made up from four elements, whichthen this meant that the had too much phlegm. | | | Match the statement on the left with one on the right The four humours werethe seasons with the elements. |
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http://www.historyonthenet.com/Lessons/worksheets/medicine_through_time/four_humours_match.doc
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| | The Four Humours |
| | Whether you are buying a new dress or changing career, understanding your humour can prove invaluable. | | | We discovered a hot new science that is simple to remember and will aid you in your life choices. | | | B) Soft round or oval body, pale face, tendency to retain fluid |
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http://www.happywomanmagazine.com/Healthfitness/4humours2.htm
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| | Quia - The Four Humours I |
| | Match the Humour to the Personality Trait and the Element with its Property | | | To learn how to make your own, just like this, click here. | | | This activity was created by a Quia Web subscriber. |
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http://www.quia.com/fc/122777.html
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| | Humours |
| | The chairs, as both civilized and natural body, carry the poison of their own demise; as memento mori, they offer a fragile resting place. | | | At the center, four glycerin cast chairs face each other in an intimate group, as if around an invisible table. | | | Embedded in the translucent glycerin of each chair, lead cast letters spell out the names of the four humours: yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm. |
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http://www.changesurfer.com/Art/Shows/Humours.html
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| | - SHOP.COM |
| | German School Posters Prints - The Four Humours, from 'Quinta Essentia' Art Giclee Print - Artist: German School - Poster Size: 18x24 | | | Buy an Oreck XL upright and get a compact canister vac free! |
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http://www.shop.com/op/aprod-p33693381
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