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| | Tetanus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The first sign of tetanus is a mild jaw muscle spasm called lockjaw (trismus), followed by stiffness of the neck and back, risus sardonicus, difficulty swallowing, and muscle rigidity in the abdomen. | | | Tetanus also refers to a state of muscle tension. | | | Spasms and muscle contraction last for 3 to 4 weeks, and complete recovery may take months. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus
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| | Tetanus- Health Encyclopedia and Reference |
| | Patients with tetanus are hospitalized in an intensive care unit until it is clear that the progression of the disease has stabilized at a level that does not interfere with vital functions, and that therapy can be managed outside the unit. | | | There may be pain or tingling at the site of inoculation (where the tetanus bacteria entered), followed by spasticity of nearby muscles. | | | For practical purposes, tetanus should be considered a disease against which there is no naturally acquired immunity. |
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http://drdean.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/408/291/Tetanus.html
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| | Tetanus |
| | Tetanus is characterized by strong and very painful contractions of muscles, particularly of the jaw and neck, earning it the common nickname of "lockjaw." It also leads to severe muscle spasms throughout the body. | | | Tetanus is contracted from the introduction of soil or manure directly into breaks in the skin (even tiny ones). | | | Your parents probably always warned you to be careful not to step on a rusty nail, and they were right--puncture wounds are one of the most common ways to get tetanus. |
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http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,6130,00.html
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| | Tetanus |
| | Tetanus often begins with muscle spasms in the jaw (called trismus), accompanied by difficulty swallowing and stiffness or pain in the muscles of the neck, shoulders, or back. | | | Wounds contaminated with soil, saliva, or feces - especially if not properly cleaned - and skin punctures from nonsterile needles (such as with drug use or self-performed tattooing or body piercing) are also at increased risk. | | | Your child's doctor plays an important role in preventing tetanus by making sure your child's immunizations are up to date and providing post-exposure prophylaxis if your child has a wound that's at risk for tetanus. |
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http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/tetanus.html
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| | eMedicine - Tetanus : Article by Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD, PhD |
| | Benzodiazepines have emerged as the mainstay of symptomatic therapy for tetanus. | | | Severe tetanus results in opisthotonos, flexion of the arms, extension of the legs, periods of apnea resulting from spasm of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, and rigidity of the abdominal wall. | | | The initial manifestation may be local tetanus, in which the rigidity affects only 1 limb or area of the body where the clostridium-containing wound is located. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2254.htm
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| | Tetanus |
| | People with tetanus that is localized experience pain and tingling only at the wound site and spasms in nearby muscles. | | | Tetanus causes convulsive muscle spasms and rigidity that can lead to respiratory paralysis and death. | | | Some individuals will report a history of significant allergy to "tetanus shots." In most cases, this occurred in the remote past and was probably due to the previous use of antitoxin derived from horse serum. |
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http://www.lifesteps.com/gm/Atoz/ency/tetanus.jsp
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| | Adults Need Tetanus Shots, Too |
| | Tetanus can be localized, with muscle contractions in the part of the body where the infection began, or it can be generalized, affecting the whole body. | | | Tetanus toxoid is virtually 100 percent effective in preventing tetanus. | | | In developing countries, tetanus is a major health problem. |
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http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/696_tet.html
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| | Neonatal Tetanus |
| | Immunization of school children is another important approach, effective both for continued protection of individuals against tetanus, as well as to boost anti-tetanus immunity levels in females before their first pregnancy. | | | Without specific therapy, more than 95% of infants will die of neonatal tetanus. | | | Trismus can be followed by spasms of other muscles, such as sustained spasm of back muscles - 'opisthotonus'. |
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http://www.who.int/vaccines/en/neotetanus.shtml
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| | Vaccine/Vaccination/Immunization Dangers -Tetanus Vaccine |
| | Tetanus Vaccination by Dr Mendelsohn MD (The People’s Doctor Newsletter 1976-1988) | | | In preparing my courtroom testimony on behalf of a child who allegedly was brain—damaged as a result of the DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine, I reviewed the prescribing information (package insert) for the Connaught Laboratories product which was administered to this child. | | | TETANUS TOXOID VACCINATION An overview by Dr. Kris Gaublomme |
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http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/tetanus.htm
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| | Tetanus: Bacterial Infections: Merck Manual Home Edition |
| | A doctor suspects tetanus when muscle stiffness or a spasm occurs after a person has suffered a wound. | | | Other drugs may be given to provide sedation; relax the muscles; relieve pain; and control seizures, heart rate, and blood pressure. | | | In the United States, injecting drug users and people with burns or surgical wounds are at particular risk of developing tetanus. |
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http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec17/ch190/ch190t.html
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Tetanus |
| | About 100 cases of tetanus occur every year in the U.S., the vast majority in un-immunized individuals or those whose last immunization was no longer current. | | | Diagnostic studies generally are of little value, as cultures of the wound site are negative for C. | | | If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your health care provider regarding the possible risk for tetanus. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000615.htm
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| | UNICEF hails progress in averting tetanus deaths |
| | Neonatal tetanus, which was eliminated in the industrialised world as far back as the 1950s is still a major killer of infants in the developing world, responsible for no less than 200,000 infant deaths every year and accounting for 8 percent of all neonatal deaths. | | | " Maternal and neonatal tetanus is common in poor countries, mostly affecting populations with little or no access to basic health care services and education," said Bellamy. | | | With effective immunisation and safe delivery techniques no woman or child should die from tetanus. |
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http://www.unicef.org/newsline/02pr17tetanus.htm
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| | eMedicine - Tetanus : Article by Daniel J Dire, MD, FACEP, FAAP, FAAEM |
| | Localized tetanus is characterized by painful spasms of the group of muscles in close proximity to the site of injury. | | | If tetanus is present, patients develop a reflex spasm of the masseters and bite the spatula (ie, a positive test result). | | | Checketts MR, White RJ: Avoidance of intermittent positive pressure ventilation in tetanus with dantrolene therapy. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic574.htm
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| | Tetanus |
| | The first signs of tetanus infection are usually a headache and spasms or cramping of the jaw muscles (lockjaw). | | | Prevent tetanus through immunization -- An effective vaccine against tetanus has been available for many years. | | | Tetanus is a condition that affects the nervous system and causes painful, uncontrolled muscle spasms. |
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http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/tetanus.html
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| | CDC - Yellow Book: [4] Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis - CDC Travelers' Health |
| | Tetanus, an acute disease caused by Clostridium tetani, is characterized by muscle rigidity and painful spasms, often starting in the muscles of the jaw and neck. | | | Trismus may be followed by painful spasms in other muscle groups in the neck, trunk, and extremities and by generalized tonic tetanic seizure-like activity or frank convulsions in severe cases. | | | The clinical course of generalized tetanus is variable and depends on the degree of prior immunity, the amount of toxin present, and the age and general health of the patient. |
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http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=dtp.htm
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| | MDTravel Health - Tetanus |
| | The organisms germinate, then release a toxin that causes severe, painful muscle spasms, first in the jaw, then in the neck, chest, back, arms, and legs. | | | Even when medical care is optimal, the death rate ranges from 10-20%. | | | All cuts or wounds should be promptly and thoroughly cleansed. |
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http://www.mdtravelhealth.com/infectious/tetanus.html
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| | Facts About Tetanus For Adults |
| | Common first signs of tetanus are a headache and muscular stiffness in the jaw (lockjaw) followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, rigidity of abdominal muscles, spasms, sweating and fever. | | | Another infection could occur unless immunization is provided soon after the person's condition has stabilized. | | | Recovery from tetanus illness may not result in immunity. |
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http://www.nfid.org/factsheets/tetanusadult.html
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| | Tetanus definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms |
| | Tetanus is characterized by profoundly painful spasms of muscles, including "locking" of the jaw so that the mouth cannot open (lockjaw). | | | Our Tetanus Main Article provides a comprehensive look at the who, what, when and how of Tetanus | | | Tetanus - Tetanus (lockjaw) is a toxin produced by the bacteria affects the function of the nerves and leads to severe muscle spasms in the abdomen, neck, stomach, and extremities. |
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http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5748
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 157, Bacterial Diseases |
| | Because the patient's serum antitoxin level is not well maintained and a considerable risk of serum sickness exists, antitoxin of animal origin is far less preferable. | | | (d-Tubocurarine, in contrast to pancuronium bromide, may manifest histamine release with unwanted hypotension.) Use of pyridoxine in reducing spasms and even mortality in neonatal tetanus has been very limited but encouraging. | | | Diazepam may not preclude reflex spasms, and effective respiration may require neuromuscular blockade with a curariform agent such as pancuronium bromide or vecuronium bromide. |
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http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section13/chapter157/157e.htm
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| | TETANUS |
| | Often, the first signs of Tetanus are a headache and a stiff jaw. | | | This stiffness can be so sever that it is impossible to move the jaw muscles. | | | Perhaps the most well-known symptom of Tetanus is its alias: Lockjaw. |
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http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/emergencies_first_aid/90846
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| | Tetanus |
| | Tetanospasmin is responsible for the uncontrolled spasms and exaggerated reflexes diagnostic of the tetanus illness. | | | Tetanus boosters are available for those in need, but boosters given too frequently can cause severe local pain and swelling, as well as an Arthus reaction. | | | It is important to extract information on patient status with tetanus immunizations. |
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http://www.dentalcare1.com/docs/soap/conteduc/ulcase1/tetanus.htm
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| | Tetanus |
| | The first signs of tetanus infection are usually a headache and spasms of the jaw muscles. | | | Most of the diseases discussed in this booklet are spread from one person to another, but tetanus is not. | | | The victim may get painful convulsions, which can be severe enough to cause broken bones. |
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http://www.ecbt.org/tetanus.htm
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| | MSN Encarta - Tetanus |
| | Treatment, besides cleaning the wound, involves eliminating the bacilli both surgically and with antibiotics, neutralizing the exotoxin with antitoxin, reducing muscle spasm, and supporting or aiding respiration. | | | Tetanus, serious infectious disease of the nervous system, in which a bacterial toxin causes severe muscle spasm. | | | Although about 60 percent of all cases are fatal, active immunization with tetanus toxoid before an injury, with periodic reimmunization, or so-called booster injections, is extremely effective; tetanus rarely occurs in people so immunized. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556482/Tetanus.html
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| | Muncie, Indiana - TheStarPress.com |
| | "Tetanus is caused by a common bacteria in our environment that enters the body through a wound," says Dr. Leslie Zun, chairman of the emergency medicine department at Mount Sinai Hospital in Chicago and professor of emergency medicine at Chicago Medical School. | | | Both minor and major injuries may put you at risk for tetanus bacteria exposure, which is why health professionals consider it important to be up-to-date on your routine tetanus booster shot. | | | Diphtheria is still common in a number of other countries, and some strains continue to circulate in the United States. |
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http://www.thestarpress.com/services/health/tetanus.html
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| | Tetanus |
| | You may also experience stiffness and spasms of your neck, difficulty swallowing and irritability. | | | Doctors diagnose tetanus based on a physical exam and the signs and symptoms of muscle spasms, stiffness and pain. | | | Tetanus is a serious bacterial disease that leads to stiffness of your jaw muscles and other muscles. |
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http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/00227.html
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| | Tetanus Immunisation - Patient UK |
| | See your practice nurse if you think that you are not fully immunised. | | | Tetanus is a serious infection which affects the nerves, and is often fatal. | | | The illness takes up to 21 days to develop, sometimes more. |
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http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/23068839
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| | Tetanus |
| | Please discuss your travel health requirements with your regular family doctor or practice nurse. | | | After an incubation period of around 12 days the disease affects the nervous system, causing muscle spasms and rigidity. | | | Tetanus is caused by a bacterium most often found in the soil, but spores can also be found in the faeces of domestic animals. |
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http://www.travelhealth.co.uk/diseases/tetanus.htm
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| | Tetanus |
| | This poison affects the place where nerves and muscles meet. | | | Cephalic tetanus primarily affects 1 or several muscles in the face. | | | Neonatal tetanus is similar to generalized tetanus except that it affects a baby that is less than 1 month old (called a neonate). |
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http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/12635-1.asp
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| | Tetanus |
| | protected from fatal tetanus, not from clinical tetanus; six of 45 | | | Similarly, in humans, non-fatal tetanus has been described in 10 out | | | do not exclude a diagnosis of tetanus in a patient who has been |
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http://www.whale.to/vaccines/tetanus.html
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| | Tetanus |
| | The most common symptoms of tetanus are muscle spasms. | | | Tetanus cannot be spread from person to person. | | | As tetanus affects the muscles in the jaw it can cause breathing difficulties, which if not treated can lead to suffocation and death. |
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http://www.homehealth-uk.com/medical/tetanus.htm
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| | Tetanus |
| | Tetanus immunoglobulin is also available for the management of clinical tetanus. | | | Tetanus is not directly transmitted from person to person. | | | Tetanus, sometimes called lock-jaw, is an acute disease caused by a neurotoxic exotoxin of the acteria, Clostridium tetani. |
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http://www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/strateg/communic/factsheets/tetanus.htm
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| | Communicable Disease Fact Sheet |
| | Recovery from tetanus may not result in immunity. | | | Tetanus immune globulin (TIG), antitoxin or antibiotics may be given if the patient has not been previously immunized with a series of at least three doses of toxoid. | | | Tetanus, commonly called lockjaw, is a bacterial disease that affects the nervous system. |
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http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/tetanus.htm
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| | Clostridium tetani, Tetanus |
| | Tetanus is a condition also referred to as lockjaw. | | | Clostridium tetani is a bacteria that causes tetanus in humans. | | | The first shots are followed up with booster shots given every ten years. |
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http://www.lcusd.net/lchs/mewoldsen/tetanus.htm
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| | tetanus - Columbia Encyclopedia article about tetanus |
| | The most frequent symptom is stiffness of the jaw (lockjaw) and facial muscles. | | | The tetanus toxin, one of the most potent poisons known, acts on the motor nerves and causes muscle spasm at the site of infection and in other areas of the body. | | | The organism has a widespread distribution and is common in the soil, human and animal feces, and the digestive tracts of animals and humans; however, the toxin is destroyed by intestinal enzymes. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/tetanus
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| | Tetanus |
| | The clinical case definition of tetanus is: "Acute onset of hypertonia and/or painful muscular contractions (usually of the muscles of the jaw and neck) and generalized muscles spasms without other apparent medical cause." Cases meeting the clinical case definition, as reported by a health care professional, are considered confirmed. | | | Cases of tetanus in fully immunized persons whose last dose of toxoid was within the last 10 years are extremely rare. | | | Almost all reported cases of tetanus in the United States are in persons who either have never been vaccinated or who completed a primary series but have not received a booster in the preceding 10 years. |
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http://edcp.org/html/tetanus.html
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| | Tetanus |
| | Tetanus (also known as "lockjaw") is a serious illness caused by bacteria that live in soil, dust, and the intestines of many animals. | | | Tetanus is a serious illness that kills approximately 30% of those it infects. | | | Extremely rarely there may be some neurological complications that are usually self-limited. |
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http://health.rutgers.edu/Immunizations/Tetanus.htm
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| | Tetanus |
| | Specifically, the process will kill HIV.) TIG can be used if someone with no immunity to tetanus develops an infection, or is risk of an infection. | | | One is "antitoxin" or tetanus immune globulin (TIG), which is a concentrate of antibodies produced against tetanus toxin by immunized people. | | | The other agent is tetanus toxoid, prepared by taking toxin and treating it chemically so that it cannot cause paralysis. |
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http://www.drreddy.com/shots/tetanus.html
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| | WHO Tetanus |
| | Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. | | | Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. | | | Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. |
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http://www.who.int/topics/tetanus/en
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| | Salon.com Technology Ready for some lockjaw? |
| | About 45 people develop tetanus each year, with older patients, who are less likely to be up to date on their booster shots, making up the bulk of the cases. | | | If the tetanus vaccine weren't so effective, the sight of people suffering from lockjaw would be commonplace. | | | Wyeth-Ayerst, which has already faced major embarrassment in the marketing of the diet drug fen-phen and other drugs, abandoned its tetanus vaccine production not long after the Food and Drug Administration slapped a major fine on it and asked it to improve conditions in its manufacturing plants. |
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http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/03/08/tetanus
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| | Tetanus from vaccination |
| | Osler says of tetanus as a disease transmitted by vaccination: McFarland collected 95 cases practically all American. | | | In his Principles and Practice of Medicine, Sir Wm. | | | Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service, says the figures which his letter shows are incomplete, for deaths due to post-vaccinal tetanus are as follows: 1925---29; 1926---15: 1927---17, 1929---1. |
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http://www.whale.to/vaccines/tetanus5.html
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| | Vaccines and the Infectious Diseases They Prevent |
| | • Treatment for tetanus may include medications, surgery, and bed rest | | | • Tetanus is commonly called “lockjaw” since it can cause stiffness in the jaw muscles | | | • Tetanus enters the body through many kinds of wounds—from a pinprick to a deep wound |
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http://www.tetanus.org
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| | HPA Tetanus |
| | Questions and answers on current cluster of tetanus cases in injecting drug users | | | Tetanus is a notifiable disease by law and should be reported on suspicion of the diagnosis to the proper officer, normally the local consultant in communicable disease control (CCDC). | | | Immunoglobulin Handbook - Indications and dosage for tetanus immunoglobulin |
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http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/tetanus/menu.htm
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