|
| |
| | [No title] |
 | | Tetanospasmin blocks nerve transmission from the spinal cord to the rest of the muscles, which causes muscles spasms. |
|
http://www.lampstras.k12.pa.us/hschool/teachers/sterner/physiology/immunesystem/AnatomyPeriod1/Tetanus1.doc
(769 words)
|
|
| |
| | Untitled |
| | Tetanospasmin acts on the nerves in our body that regulate muscle tightening. | | | The tetanospasmin prevents relaxation of the jaw muscles. | | | It can take a few days to weeks before the person has any symptoms of tetanus. |
|
http://www.suite101.com/print_article.cfm/microbiology/2478
(585 words)
|
|
| |
| | eMedicine - Tetanus : Article Excerpt by: Sonali Ray, MD |
| | Background: Tetanus is an infectious disorder characterized by increased muscle tone and spasms caused by the release of a neurotoxin, tetanospasmin, by Clostridium tetani following inoculation into a human host. | | | Localized tetanus occurs when only the nerves supplying the affected muscle are involved. | | | Loss of inhibition may also affect preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the lateral gray matter of the spinal cord and produce sympathetic hyperactivity and high levels of circulating catecholamines. |
|
http://www.emedicine.com/ped/byname/tetanus.htm
(605 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus |
| | Tetanospasmin is responsible for the uncontrolled spasms and exaggerated reflexes diagnostic of the tetanus illness. | | | It is important to extract information on patient status with tetanus immunizations. | | | The spores of Clostridium tetani may germinate when introduced into a wound, and elaborate the neurotoxin, tetanospasmin. |
|
http://www.dentalcare1.com/docs/soap/conteduc/ulcase1/tetanus.htm
(226 words)
|
|
| |
| | Dr. Schilling's Net Health Book - Tetanus |
| | Specific inhibitory transmitter substances are blocked in this manner and the net result is an overabundance of stimulatory impulses through the synapses leading to convulsions, muscle rigidity and when the chewing muscles are affected also to "lockjaw", which explains this popular alternative name for tetanus. | | | The tetanus spores that enter into the body change into the vegetative bacillus form and seek nerve endings where they migrate back up into the Central Nervous System. | | | The incubation between the entry into a wound to the first jaw stiffness (the most common symptom) is 5 to 10 days on average. |
|
http://www.nethealthbook.com/tetanus.html
(1261 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Binding of tetanospasmin blocks the inhibitory nerve impulses to one skeletal muscle while the opposing muscle is contracted. | | | This results in uncontrollable muscle contraction producing convulsive symptoms (spasmodic contractions) of tetanus or "lock jaw." Gradually other skeletal muscles become affected, including those involved in swallowing. | | | Tetanospasmin reaches the central nervous system and binds to nerve cells that control contraction of various skeletal muscles. |
|
http://www.lakshmi-sridharan.com/Documents/Beware-of-Microbes.doc
(763 words)
|
|
| |
| | Medmicro Chapter 18 |
| | Metronidazole is currently recommended, and there is some evidence that it is associated with an improved prognosis. | | | Tetanospasmin is responsible for the infamous toxemia called tetanus. | | | There is little, if any, inate immunity and the disease does not produce immunity in the patient. |
|
http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch018.htm
(9599 words)
|
|
| |
| | ENLmedical.com: Conditions And Concerns: Medical Encyclopedia: Tetanus |
| | Tetanospasmin selectively blocks inhibitory nerve transmission from the spinal cord to the muscles, allowing the muscles to go into severe spasm. | | | Tetanus immune globulin is given to neutralize the toxin, tetanospasmin. | | | Penicillin is given intravenously to kill the toxin-producing C. tetani, however, surgical removal of infected tissue may also be necessary. |
|
http://www.enlmedical.com/article/000615.htm
(675 words)
|
|
| |
| | Clostridium spp. |
| | Once there, it blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (interneurons that regulate muscle contraction) from the spinal cord to the muscles, allowing the muscles to go into severe spasm. | | | Unlike other diseases, recovery from the natural disease usually does not confer immunity, since even a lethal dose of tetanospasmin is insufficient to provoke an immune response. | | | Because it has a specific affinity for nervous tissue, it is referred to as a neurotoxin and it is one of the three most poisonous substances known. |
|
http://www.users.fast.net/~esteckel/clostridium_spp_.htm
(954 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus eMedicine Web Page |
| | Tetanolysin is not felt to be of any significance in the clinical course of tetanus. | | | Under anaerobic conditions, these spores geminate and elaborate tetanospasmin and tetanolysin. | | | Tetanospasmin has a disinhibitory effect on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). |
|
http://www.vaccinationnews.com/dailynews/May2001/TetanusEMedicine.htm
(2288 words)
|
|
| |
| | Cecil Textbook of Medicine : /> |
| | Tetanospasmin is taken up by the peripheral nerve terminals and carried intra-axonally within membrane-bound vesicles to spinal neurons. | | | This includes blockage of glycine, which is the neurotransmitter used by group 1A inhibitory afferent motor neurons. | | | Important factors at the site of injury are necrotic tissue, suppuration, and the presence of a foreign body. |
|
http://www.merckmedicus.com/ppdocs/us/common/cecils/chapters/321_005.htm
(244 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus |
| | Bacteria gain access through wounds from foot punctures, needle perforations, shearing, tagging, etc. Clostridium tetani releases two different toxins; tetanolysin, which hemolyzes erythrocytes and tetanospasmin, which attacks the nervous tissue. | | | The majority of the clinical effects of C. tetani are due to the neurological effects of tetanospasmin. | | | At the spinal cord and medulla, synaptic inhibitions are decreased, resulting in muscles that are continuously contracted until physical exhaustion occurs. |
|
http://www.dlab.colostate.edu/webdocs/ext_vet/cleon14.html
(407 words)
|
|
| |
| | Lab 1 |
| | When released into the bloodstream, tetanospasmin attaches to the peripheral endings, mainly of motor neurons, then travels along nerves to bodies of origin situated in the CNS, but without affecting their function. | | | The spores of the organisms, derived from the excreta of animals, are widely distributed and are often ingested but are incapable of germinating or generating toxin in the gut. | | | Only when it passes into the presynaptic terminals of inhibitory spinal interneurons do the symptoms of tetanus appear. |
|
http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/micro/lab1.html
(643 words)
|
|
| |
| | MedTech1.com - Tetanus |
| | The spores can enter the body via animal bites, surgical wound, burns, and needle injection sites, among others. | | | Tetanospasmin moves through the bloodstream toward the spine at the speed of 10 inches a day. | | | Bacterial spores that cause tetanus are found in cultivated soil, animal excrement, and contaminated heroin, among other places. |
|
http://www.medtech1.com/research_center/cond20.cfm?cond_id=138
(453 words)
|
|
| |
| | Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly) |
| | Under anaerobic conditions, spores present around the wound germinate. | | | Tetanolysin has a uncertain role and major clinical effects of the disease are secondary to the action of tetanospasmin. | | | Tetanus is a potentially fatal disease manifesting itself as painful spasms, autonomic instability and respiratory compromise, caused by 'tetanospasmin' a potent neurotoxin liberated by the organism 'clostridium tetani'. |
|
http://www.bioline.org.br/request?ni02113
(6492 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus and Botulism |
| | Unlike other diseases, such as diphtheria, recovery from the natural disease usually does not confer immunity, since even a lethal dose of tetanospasmin is insufficient to provoke an immune response. | | | Tetanus toxin can affect the same system, but the tetanospasmin shows a tropism for inhibitory motor neurons of the central nervous system, and its effects are primarily rigidity and spastic paralysis. | | | Botulinum toxin may be transported within nerves in a manner analogous to tetanospasmin, and can thereby gain access to the CNS. |
|
http://www.tjclarkinc.com/bacterial_diseases/tetanus_and_botulism.htm
(2601 words)
|
|
| |
| | What is tetanospasmin? |
| | Tetanospasmin is released into the body upon lysis of dead C. tetani cells, often resulting in the development of the disease commonly known as tetnus. | | | Tetanospasmin is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic, gram positive, endospore-forming bacillus, found predominantly in soils contaminated with feces. | | | Since this toxin is a protein, it is very sensitive to heat and can therefore be inactivated by heating at 60 C for 20 minutes. |
|
http://chemweb.calpoly.edu/chem/bailey/377/PapersW03/Kathryn/page2.html
(144 words)
|
|
| |
| | Structure and Composition |
| | With A-B dichain toxins, the A subunit is responsible for the toxicity of the protein, and the B portion is responsible for creating a channel through a particular membrane for the A subunit to pass through. | | | Tetanospasmin is classified within a group of toxins known as A-B dichain toxins. | | | Domain C contains a ganglioside-binding site which allows tetanospasmin to bind to gangliosides on neuron membranes, and domain B is involved in channel formation that allows the toxin to enter into the cytoplasm of the neuron. |
|
http://chemweb.calpoly.edu/chem/bailey/377/PapersW03/Kathryn/structure.html
(237 words)
|
|
| |
| | BIOL 211: MICROBIOLOGY |
| | Tetanus is treated with an antitoxin (antibody to tetanospasmin) - Tetanus Immune Globulin (TIG), sedatives, and muscle relaxants and metronidazole to kill multiplying bacteria | | | Potent exotoxin (tetanospasmin) that blocks action of inhibitory neurons causing contraction of antagonistic muscles; toxin spreads through blood to brain - facial and jaw muscles often first affected | | | Half of cases are from puncture wounds (spores cling to rust on nails, wire), but also from tattooing, body piercing, IV drug abuse, insect stings, surgery (neonatal tetanus occurs when umbilical cord cut with nonsterile instruments) |
|
http://www.centralia.ctc.edu/Depts/Science/Biol211/bactdiseases2.html
(839 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus |
| | Once the bacteria are in the body, they produce a neurotoxin (a protein that acts as a poison to the body's nervous system) known as tetanospasmin that causes muscle spasms. | | | The toxin first affects nerves controlling the muscles near the wound. | | | It typically arises from a skin wound that becomes contaminated by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani, which is often found in soil. |
|
http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/tetanus.html
(977 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus: Critical Implications for Nursing |
| | Dysfunction of polysynaptic reflexes results in inhibition of antagonists, a condition that accounts for tetany of muscles, including the characteristic opisthotonos due to spasms in the neck and back muscles. | | | Freed from inhibition, excitatory reflexes lead to multiple tetanospasms. | | | The toxins spread via the lymphatics, blood vessels, and neural pathways to alpha motoneurons. |
|
http://www.aacn.org/aacn/jrnlccn.nsf/ada90b95716ebf66882564f300833c58/6cb0c28146e56890882567080004dfef
(3600 words)
|
|
| |
| | Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Clostridium tetani |
| | Tetanospasmin is similar in structure to botulinum toxin, but very different in effect. | | | Two toxins are elaborated, tetanospasmin and tetanolysin, the latter of which is of uncertain toxicity and significance. | | | As the organism matures, it develops a terminal spore, giving it the characteristic tennis racket appearance. |
|
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Clostridium_tetani
(363 words)
|
|
| |
| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 157, Bacterial Diseases |
| | The patient should receive a full immunizing course of toxoid after recovery. | | | The toxin may enter the CNS along the peripheral motor nerves or may be bloodborne to the nervous tissue. | | | Tetanus is a preventable disease of great significance, particularly the neonatal form in developing countries. |
|
http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section13/chapter157/157e.jsp
(5115 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus |
| | Tetanus is a serious and often fatal disease caused by the exotoxin[?] tetanospasmin which is produced by the Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani[?]. | | | It was first documented by Hippocrates, and records dating back to the 5th century BCE provide countless clinical observations[?] of the disease. |
|
http://www.termsdefined.net/te/tetanus.html
(681 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus laboratory case definition |
| | The tetanus antitoxin will specifically neutralize the neurotoxic effects of tetanospasmin. | | | The source/reservoir of infection is soil and the intestinal tracts of animals such as horses. | | | Tetanus is a rarely encountered but potentially fatal disease caused by a neurotoxin (tetanospasmin) produced by the anaerobic sporing bacterium, Clostridium tetani. |
|
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-phlncd-tetanus.htm
(1123 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Tetanus |
| | The bacterial toxin (tetanospasmin) affects the nerve endings, causing a continous stimulation of muscles. | | | Sometimes these convulsions are severe enough to cause broken bones. |
|
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0013/ai_2601001337
(1231 words)
|
|
| |
| | tetanospasmin - General Practice Notebook |
| | This organism exists as a gut commensal as well as in the soil. | | | The organism remains localized at the portal of entry, but produces an exotoxin (tetanospasmin) which acts on the CNS. | | | Tetanospasmin reaches the central nervous system by intraaxonal transport, moving at a rate of 75 to 250 nm per day. |
|
http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/-1408892886.htm
(246 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus |
| | This toxin crawls into the NMJ and climbs up the axon of the motor nerve right up into the spinal cord and brain. | | | Note: tetanospasmin does not enter through the GI tract (the toxin gets digested) and it does not cross the placental barrier. | | | Once these low down no good spores reach an anaerobic environment, like a wound, they vegetate/grow and produce toxin. |
|
http://www.vin.com/vin_ce/abvp/html/tetanus.html
(492 words)
|
|
| |
| | Tetanus |
| | Proliferating cells elaborate a toxin, tetanospasmin, which causes a systemic toxemia. | | | This allows the germination of the clostridial spores and a localized infection results. | | | TIG neutralizes circulating toxin but does not pass the blood-brain barrier and |
|
http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/tritzid/tetanus.htm
(579 words)
|
|
| |
| | Encyclopedia |
| | The released toxin spreads to underlying muscles and is bound to receptors containing gangliosides on the neuronal membranes of presynaptic nerve terminals. | | | The mechanism of spread of tetanospasmin is illustrated in Fig. |
|
http://www.eamg-med.com/members/encyclopedia/7/7_11/7_11_20.shtml
(5404 words)
|
|
| |
| | tetanospasmin - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | tetanospasmin : The On-line Medical Dictionary [home, info] | | | tetanospasmin : Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary [home, info] | | | We found 5 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word tetanospasmin: |
|
http://www.onelook.com/?w=tetanospasmin
(94 words)
|
|
| |
| | B |
| | tetanospasmin blocks neurotransmitter release of inhibitory neurons – excitatory transmitter is continuously stimulating à rigid, spastic paralysis | | | Tetanus produces an enzyme called tetanospasmin – can get to the brain by 2 routes: |
|
http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/alm1ew/MMPathologyNonspecific.html
(627 words)
|
|
| |
| | Clostridium tetani |
| | Vegetative bacteria eventually produce tetanospasmin, the toxin responsible for symptoms of tetanus. | | | Since the bacterium is an obligate anaerobe, an anaerobic environment is needed for the endospores to germinate and the vegetative bacteria to grow. | | | Produces an A-B (Type III) (def) toxin called tetanospasmin. |
|
http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/diseases/ctetani/ctetani.html
(434 words)
|
|
| |
| | BIOPHARMA Record |
| | Culture and inactivation of the bacterium is very time-consuming, and the manufacturing process requires about one year for each lot of vaccine. | | | Cross ref: See the various entries below for monovalent tetanus toxoid vaccines, and the various combination vaccines, e.g., DTaP and DTP, containing a tetanus toxoid component. | | | Description: Tetanus toxoid is a toxoid (inactivated toxoid vaccine) prepared by inactivation, e.g., by incubation with formaldehyde, of tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) obtained from culture of Clostridium tetani bacteria. |
|
http://www.biopharma.com/sample_entries/401.html
(158 words)
|
|
| |
| | Clostridium tetani |
| | Tetanus toxoid (formalized tetanospasmin); DTP administered at 2,4,6,15months and school; booster every 10y is Td. |
|
http://www.hsc.wvu.edu/micro/MB26VIEW/lecture23/tsld010.htm
(25 words)
|
|
|
