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| | Synaptic Plasticity |
 | | Plasticity is a change in behavior, anatomy or electrophysiological response. | | | This form of plasticity is referred to as activity dependent synaptic plasticity and is generally measured as a change in a evoked electrophysiological response. | | | It is contrasted by developmental plasticity, behavioral plasticity, injury induced plasticity and chemically induced plasticity which may be measured using behavioral or histological techniques. |
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http://www.oberlin.edu/faculty/aborroni/Classes/L_M/lecture/synaptic_plasticity
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| | Synaptic plasticity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | There are several underlying mechanisms that cooperate to achieve synaptic plasticity, including changes in the amount of neurotransmitter released into a synapse and changes in how effectively cells respond to those neurotransmitters (Gaiarsa et al., 2002). | | | If the strength of a synapse is only reinforced by stimulation or weakened by its lack, a positive feedback loop will develop, leading some cells never to fire and some to fire too much. | | | Metaplasticity, another form of negative feedback, reduces the effects of plasticity over time (Pérez-Otaño and Ehlers, 2005). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_plasticity
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Changes in the strength of synaptic connections are thought to be essential for various brain functions, including: developmental plasticity, learning and memory, and drug addiction. | | | Such global changes in synaptic weight are especially important in periods of enhanced plasticity, such as during postnatal development. | | | To this end, we are examining the role of BACE1 in synaptic physiology and plasticity using BACE1 knockout mice generated by Dr. Philip Wong's laboratory at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. |
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http://www.life.umd.edu/biology/leelab/ResearchFrame1.htm
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| | Plasticity |
| | Work within the Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, using a technique known as non-stationary fluctuation analysis, has suggested that NMDA receptor-dependent LTP may result from the ability of post-synaptic AMPA receptors to pass more current (ie to be open longer). | | | In addition to roles in learning, synaptic plasticity is crucial for the physical building of our brains during development and throughout the rest of our lives. | | | The ability to learn and form memories, things that we take so much for granted, comes about because of the ability of neurons to change the way in which they communicate with each other - that is, through synaptic plasticity. |
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http://www.bris.ac.uk/synaptic/public/plasticity.htm
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| | M.R. Bauer Foundation at Brandeis |
| | Plasticity refers to the ability of experience, whether it be learning in a classroom, a stressful event, or ingestion of a drug, to modify the organization and behavior of neural circuits in the brain. | | | Thus in addition to being important for adaptive forms of experience-dependent plasticity, synaptic plasticity may also play an important role in the etiology of pathological behaviors such as addiction. | | | Synaptic Plasticity — The Brain's Response to Experience |
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http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/bauer/2003/malenka.html
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| | Synaptic Plasticity Research: Current Topics of the Sonderegger Lab |
| | With an antibody against the membrane-proximal region of the extracellular moiety of calsyntenin-1, we found a pronounced immunoreactivity of the lamellae of the spine apparatus in dendritic spines both in the hippocampus and in the cerebral cortex. | | | These results indicated that the transmembrane fragment remaining after proteolytic cleavage of calsyntenin-1 is internalized and accumulates in the spine apparatus thus revealing an endocytotic pathway from the postsynaptic membrane to the spine apparatus of spine synapses. | | | The most prominent expression was found in structures engaged in the processing and storage of learned behaviors and memories. |
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http://www.biochem.unizh.ch/sonderegger/main_pages/researchtopics.htm
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| | Karel Svoboda |
| | The functional properties of the brain must change in response to salient sensory experiences, but the nature of these changes at the level of synapses, neurons, and their networks (also known as the engram) is unknown. | | | These measurements provide an explanation of previous in vivo measurements of plasticity at the level of synaptic pathways. | | | What changes at the level of neurons and synapses in particular synaptic pathways in response to novel sensory experience? |
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http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/svoboda.html
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| | Synaptic Plasticity in Addiction and Other Changes in Behavior |
| | Both short-term and long-term changes in synaptic function are responsible for changes in behavior and neural information processing. | | | In this symposium, speakers will present examples from the wide variety of physiological mechanisms involved in synaptic plasticity and discuss their role in altering the function of neural circuits as a result of drug use, learning, development, and social interactions. | | | Plasticity in the Brain and Behavior of Crayfish Resulting from Social Experience |
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http://www.nida.nih.gov/MeetSum/NS99/SynapticAgenda.html
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| | Synaptic Transmission Unit |
| | From 1996 to 1999, he did another postdoctoral training with Bert Sakmann in the Max Planck Institute, Heidelberg, Germany, where he identified the calcium channel types and studied the presynaptic mechanisms underlying short-term synaptic depression at a giant nerve terminal, the calyx of Held in rat brainstem. | | | The ability to apply these advanced techniques makes the calyx an ideal preparation for our research goal. | | | Accordingly, our research is approximately divided into three parts. |
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http://intra.ninds.nih.gov/Lab.asp?Org_ID=497
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| | Mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the brain - Dept of Physiology, GU |
| | The aim of the studies is to further our basic understanding of synaptic plasticity. | | | Previous work in this laboratory helped to establish the idea that this plasticity is induced as a consequence of calcium influx through NMDA receptor channels. | | | The experiments are performed in vitro on transverse slices of hippocampus from guinea pigs, using extra, as well as intracellular (whole-cell), recording techniques. |
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http://www.physiology.gu.se/gustafsson
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| | Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast - Nature Neuroscience |
| | Hebb originally conjectured that synapses effective at evoking a response should grow stronger, but over time Hebbian plasticity has come to mean any long-lasting form of synaptic modification (strengthening or weakening) that is synapse specific and depends on correlations between pre- and postsynaptic firing. | | | We review these recent developments, focusing primarily on the issue of stabilizing Hebbian plasticity, but touching briefly on other functional implications. | | | After redistribution, a synapse is much more effective at conveying transients, but there is no change in its efficacy for steady-state transmission. |
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http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/neuro/journal/v3/n11s/full/nn1100_1178.html
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Brain Plasticity |
| | Plasticity, or neuroplasticity, is the lifelong ability of the brain to reorganize neural pathways based on new experiences. | | | As we learn, we acquire new knowledge and skills through instruction or experience. | | | So how does the brain change with learning? |
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http://staff.washington.edu/chudler/plast.html
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| | Bai Lu, Ph.D., Senior Investigator |
| | This is achieved, at least in part, by enhancing synaptic responses to high frequency, tetanic stimulation and facilitation of synaptic vesicle docking. | | | Recently, his laboratory launched a new line of research on genes involved in cognitive functions and schizophrenia using electrophysiological, behavioral, and imaging techniques. | | | One is that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acutely facilitates hippocampal LTP, a cellular model for learning and memory. |
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http://neuroscience.nih.gov/Lab.asp?Org_ID=275
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| | Biological neural network - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | On the electrophysiological level, there are various phenomena which alter the response characteristics of individuals synapses, called synaptic plasticity), and individual neurons (intrinsic plasticity). | | | This picture is further complicated by variation in time constant between neurons, as some cells can experience their EPSPs over a wider period of time than others. | | | Usually the term "plasticity" refers to change in the brain which is caused by activity or experience. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_neural_network
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| | Reprint Request |
| | Grau, J. and Joynes, R. Spinal cord plasticity and the recovery of function. | | | In M. Patterson and J. Grau (Eds.), Spinal cord plasticity: Alterations in reflex function. | | | Patterson, M. M., and Grau, J. Spinal cord plasticity: Alterations in reflex function. |
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http://graulab.tamu.edu/ReprintRequest.html
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| | Charles F. Stevens |
| | The properties of short-term plasticity also vary with experimental conditions, such as pattern of use and temperature. | | | The idea of our experiments, then, is to use patterns of nerve impulses that would normally activate the synapses we study, and to see what effect short-term plasticity has on the information being transmitted by the synapses. | | | Although the various forms of short-term synaptic plasticity have been intensively studied for many years, we know little about the precise role played by this plasticity in brain function. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/stevens.html
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| | Synaptic Plasticity |
| | It is plasticity that allows for experience to modify patterns of brain activity. | | | This may occur both by changing the strength of existing synapses or via the formation and elimination of synapses. | | | Synaptic plasticity is the activity dependent change in the strength of coupling between neurons. |
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http://www.synapticplasticity.com
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| | GMS 6078: Synaptic Function and Plasticity |
| | We will study experimental models for synaptic plasticity, correlations with learning and memory in behaving animals, and how the processes have been studies at the molecular level with gene knockout experiments. | | | Catalog description: A study of the synapses that mediate fast electrical excitation and inhibition in mammalian brain and how these synapses change with development and experience. | | | On top of these integrating and processing functions are aspects of modulation, conditional processing, and feedback which make the brain a dynamic and plastic system. |
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http://idp.med.ufl.edu/courses/Syllabus/GMS6078.html
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| | 10. Hebbian Models |
| | It may refer to synaptic changes during development just as well as to the specific changes necessary to memorize a visual pattern or to learn a motor task. | | | This class of learning rule can be motivated by Hebb's principle and is therefore often called `Hebbian learning'. | | | These persistent changes are thought to be the neuronal correlate of `learning' and `memory'. |
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http://diwww.epfl.ch/~gerstner/SPNM/node70.html
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| | Cliff Abraham |
| | Our studies on the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity (done in collaboration with Dr Joanna Williams, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology) currently focus on changes in glutamate receptor number and subcellular localization following LTP induction in the hippocampus. | | | Our data suggest that secreted APP and amyloid-beta play opposing roles in synaptic plasticity, facilitating and inhibiting LTP, respectively. | | | These physiological experiments are in accord with neural network models of synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory, which indicate that for dynamic learning networks, synapses must be able to change quickly, but hold their state until new learning reworks the pattern of synaptic weights. |
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http://psy.otago.ac.nz/memory/research/cliff-abraham.htm
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| | Developmental Synaptic Plasticity Unit |
| | We use acute blockade of specific interactions by introducing peptides into individual neurons, or chronic over expression of constructs of interest using Sindbis virus in acute cultured hippocampal slices. | | | Our primary approach is to use electrophysiological recordings from neurons in brain slices. | | | Developmental plasticity in the barrel cortex: We are characterising the mechanisms by which neuronal activity leads to both long-term and short-term synaptic plasticity at developing thalamocortical synapses and the role of these mechanisms in experience-dependent plasticity. |
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http://intra.ninds.nih.gov/Lab.asp?Org_ID=511
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| | 10.4 Detailed Models of Synaptic Plasticity |
| | but also on the individual synaptic weight; cf. | | | of the first second-messenger triggers synaptic changes that lead to LTP. | | | Let us analyze the behavior by comparing the calcium-based model with the elementary model of Section 10.4.1; cf. |
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http://diwww.epfl.ch/~gerstner/SPNM/node74.html
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| | NGP/USC - John P. Walsh |
| | We also have a parallel study being performed in aged animals to describe how aging impacts synaptic integration and the mechanisms for any observed changes caused by the aging process. | | | The laboratory has a couple of areas of research focus. | | | We are in the process of fully describing the many different forms of short and long-term plasticity expressed by these synapses and the mechanisms for their expression. |
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http://www.usc.edu/dept/nbio/ngp/Faculty/walsh-jp.html
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| | Gina Turrigiano |
| | While such changes are crucial in sculpting functional circuits and generating behavioral flexibility, they raise a compelling problem for the nervous system: that is, how do neurons and circuits maintain stability in their firing properties in the face of such dramatic synaptic reconfiguration? | | | Nature Neuroscience 2:515-520 (see also News and Views same issue). | | | During learning and development, the number and strength of synaptic inputs received by a neuron may change dramatically. |
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http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/faculty01/turrigiano.html
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| | Synaptic plasticity |
| | This fundamental property, termed synaptic plasticity, is thought to underlie a wide range of adaptive, experience-dependent changes in behavior from memory storage to mood stability. | | | The overriding goal of our laboratory is to elucidate the cellular mechanisms and functions of synaptic plasticity in the living brain. | | | Very brief (millisecond) changes in synaptic activity may be transduced into extremely long-lasting (months) changes in synaptic strength. |
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http://www.uib.no/med/biomed/research/bramham
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| | Synaptic Plasticity Research: News from the Sonderegger Lab |
| | Proteolytic cleavage of calsyntenin-1 in its extracellular moiety generates a transmembrane stump that is internalized and accumulated in the spine apparatus of spine synapses. | | | Therefore, the synaptic Ca2+ modulation by calsyntenin-1 may be subject to regulation by extracellular proteolysis in the synaptic cleft. | | | Synaptic Plasticity Research: News from the Sonderegger Lab |
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http://www.biochem.unizh.ch/sonderegger/main_pages/moreabout_cst1.htm
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| | Synaptic plasticity |
| | Using various electrophysiological, imaging, and molecular techniques, we | | | These studies have a direct relevance to the understanding of aging and Alzheimer's disease. | | | In studying mechanisms of plasticity, we adopted, in collaboration with Dr. Yoram Groner of the WIS, a transgenic (Tg) mouse model of oxidative |
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http://www.weizmann.ac.il/neurobiology/labs/segal/plasticity.html
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| | Harel Shouval, Ph.D., Assistant Professor - Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Medical School The University of ... |
| | My research focuses on identifying the rules by which changes in synaptic strength - believed to be the basis of learning, memory and development in the cortex - take place. | | | I study synaptic plasticity at many levels, from its molecular basis to its functional implications and I believe that theoretical studies are essential for forming the link between these different levels of description. | | | I concentrate on theoretical/ computational approaches to the study of synaptic plasticity and its implications on learning, memory and development. |
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http://nba.uth.tmc.edu/resources/faculty/members/shouval.htm
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| | Untitled Page |
| | What is altered during induction – presynaptic change of release, Postsynaptic changes of conductance and the silent synapse hypothesis. | | | Synaptic dynamics – models of paired pulse facilitation and depression. | | | The Synaptic basis for Learning and Memory: A theoretical approach. |
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http://nba.uth.tmc.edu/homepage/shouval/teaching.htm
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| | Amazon.ca: Advances in Synaptic Plasticity: Books |
| | Many neurons exhibit plasticity; that is, they can change structurally or functionally, often in a lasting way. | | | Plasticity is evident in such diverse phenomena as learning and memory, brain development, drug tolerance, sprouting of axon terminals after a brain lesion, and various cellular forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression. | | | The levels of analysis range from molecular to cellular and network, the unifying theme being the nature of the relationships between synaptic plasticity and information processing and storage. |
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http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0262024608
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| | Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried - Synaptic Plasticity |
| | The hippocampus of vertebrates is the brain area in which LTP has been studied most extensively. | | | A widely studied form of synaptic plasticity is long-term potentiation (LTP). | | | Several receptor systems have been demonstrated to be important for hippocampal synaptic function and LTP: the ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors as well as the TrkB receptors for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been genetically identified as required for the induction and strengthening of LTP, respectively (Minichiello et al. |
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http://www.neuro.mpg.de/english/rd/mn/research/Synaptic_Plasticity
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| | Neuromodulation of Synaptic Plasticity in a Reconstructed Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Cell Model |
| | In particular, our results suggest that a neuromodulator-induced change from regular spiking to bursting behavior, as well as modulation of calcium channel conductances, directly alter dendritic calcium dynamics and indirectly regulate synaptic modification. | | | Presynaptic activity was transduced by NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx into the dendritic spines and this signal was sequestered from shafts by a narrow spine neck and calcium pumps. | | | Synaptic modification was a function of these separate calcium pools with a sliding threshold between LTP and LTD as a nonlinear function of the past history of cell firing similar to the "BCM" model (Bienenstock et al. |
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http://www.neuroengineering.upenn.edu/publications/abstracts/menschik_sfn98.html
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| | Sacha Nelson, Brandeis University Biology faculty member |
| | Moore C.I. and S.B. Nelson (1998) Spatio-temporal subthreshold receptive fields in the vibrissa representation of rat primary somatosensory cortex. | | | Nelson, S.B. and G.G. Turrigiano (1998): Synaptic depression: a key role in the cortical balancing act. | | | (2004) Homeostatic plasticity in the developing nervous system. |
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http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/faculty01/nelson.html
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| | Sleeping disorder information and continuing medical education for professionals. Insomnia causes, sleep deprivation ... |
| | He is a member of the Canadian Sleep Society, the Sleep Research Society, the Canadian Psychological Association and the Association for the Study of Dreams, and he is a registered clinician with the Ontario Board of Examiners. | | | Michael Thorpy, board-certified in sleep disorders medicine, is Director of the Sleep-Wake Disorders Center at the Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York and is an Associate Professor of Neurology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. | | | Smith is the author or co-author of over 100 publications, including Sleep and Synaptic Plasticity, distributed by Oxford University Press in June 2003, and eight other chapters and invited articles. |
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http://www.sleepleaders.org/sleepleaders/faculty.asp
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| | Sex Steroids and Synaptic Plasticity in Aging |
| | Li R, Shen Y, Yang LB, Lue LF, Finch C, RogersJ (2000) Estrogen enchances uptake of amyloid beta-protein by microglia derived from the human cortex. | | | This project addresses steroidal influences on synaptic remodeling in the rodent brain in vivo and in vitro with cell culture models, with a focus on astrocyte genes that are regulated by estradiol and corticosterone. | | | Transcriptional regulation of GFAP in astrocytes and of genes expressed in neurons that show modulation by estradiol using in vitro cell models for response to estradiol, corticosterone and injury. |
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http://geroweb.usc.edu/epp/Project1.asp
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| | The role of calcium-calmodulin kinase II in three forms of synaptic plasticity. |
| | Stevens CF, Tonegawa S, Wang Y: The role of calcium-calmodulin kinase II in three forms of synaptic plasticity. | | | BACKGROUND: Calcium influx into postsynaptic dendritic spines can, depending on circumstances, activate three forms of synaptic plasticity: long-term potentiation (LTP), short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term depression (LTD). | | | The role of calcium-calmodulin kinase II in three forms of synaptic plasticity. |
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http://www.bioscience.org/knockout/ref/stevens.htm
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| | Short-term synaptic plasticity, simulation of nerve terminal dynamics, and the effects of protein kinase C activation ... |
| | Modulation of Presynaptic Plasticity and Learning by the H-ras/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Synapsin I Signaling Pathway | | | The model reproduced faithfully several forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, including short-term synaptic depression (STD), and allowed us to manipulate several experimentally inaccessible processes. | | | We constructed a stochastic model of the presynaptic contacts between a pair of hippocampal pyramidal cells that used biologically realistic processes and was constrained by electrophysiological data. |
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http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/abstract/541/2/545
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| | LTP and synaptic plasticity |
| | Mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the brain - Dept of Physiology, GU... | | | Essential role for cholesterol in synaptic plasticity and neuronal degeneration... | | | Two Forms of Synaptic Plasticity with Distinct Dependence on Age, Experience, an... |
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http://www.scienceoxygen.com/biology/445.html
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| | Examples: Synaptic Connections SNNAP - Simulator for Neural Networks and Action Potentials |
| | Examples of homosynaptic plasticity are in the \PSM_TR_functions subdirectory and an example of a modulatory synapses is in the \hetero subdirectory. | | | Not all synaptic responses are mediated via increases in the conductance of the postsynaptic cell. | | | The response to the second current injection (i.e., the injection during the decrease conductance synaptic response) was larger, which indicates an increase in the input resistance of the postsynaptic cell (i.e., a decrease in conductance). |
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http://www.uth.tmc.edu/SNNAP/content/examples_synaptic_connections.htm
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