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| | The Contribution of the Cerebellum and the Striatum in Motor Conditional Learning |
 | | In Experiment 1, rats with lesions to the cerebellum were tested for their ability to acquire a CAL task, in which they had to learn a specific motor response (e.g., left or right turn) based on the presentation of an arbitrary visual stimulus. | | | To test this hypothesis, rats with lesions to either the cerebellum or the striatum were tested on a visuomotor conditional associative learning (CAL) task, in which they had to learn an association between an arbitrary cue and a particular motor response. | | | There is now a large body of evidence suggesting that the cerebellum and striatum play a role in several forms of motor learning. |
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http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/perpg/stds/posters/poster08.html
(276 words)
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| | Evidence for Functionally Distinct Synaptic NMDA Receptors in Ventromedial Versus Dorsolateral Striatum -- Chapman et ... |
| | Regional and postnatal heterogeneity of activity-dependent long-term changes in synaptic efficacy in the dorsal striatum. | | | Decay-time kinetics of synaptic NMDAR-EPSCs from neurons in dorsolateral striatum are the same as those from neurons in ventromedial striatum of P4-6 neonatal rats. | | | Decay kinetics and risetimes of synaptic NMDAR-EPSCs from neurons in dorsolateral striatum are substantially faster than those from neurons in ventromedial striatum of adult rats. |
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http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/89/1/69
(6123 words)
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| | Grant Abstract |
| | The clinical outcome for this procedure has been variable, possibly because it by-passes the nigrostriatal pathway. | | | The insight gained by studying the reconstruction of the nigrostriatal pathway for Parkinson’s disease carries potential for other neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington’s disease, stroke, and spinal cord research. | | | We are proposing two methods with which we will try rebuild the nigrostriatal pathway in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. |
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http://www.michaeljfox.org/research/abstract.php?id=90
(403 words)
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| | The Striatum |
| | Not only has it been found to have a varied and clustered cytology, but also it has become a focus of cytochemoarchitecture research due to its rich neurotransmitter distribution (Graybiel and Ragsdale 1983). | | | The dendrites have smooth surfaces up to or near their first branches, at which point they become profusely covered in spines. | | | Graybiel, A. and Ragsdale, C. Biochemical anatomy of the striatum. |
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http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~anaru/research/anatomy/striatum-A.html
(206 words)
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| | Lars Björklund: Doktorsavhandling från Karolinska Institutet |
| | The aim of this thesis was to enhance survival of grafted fetal dopaminergic neurons and to characterise nerve growth formed by grafted and adult dopaminergic neurons regarding density and extent of nerve fiber outgrowth. | | | Various animal models and clinical trials has shown that grafts of fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue can survive and functionally reinnervate the dopamine-depleted striatum, leading to long-term improvements of therapeutic value, but still symptomatic relief is far from complete. | | | Enhanced survival of grafted dopamine neurons after treatment with U-74006F did not enhance nerve fiber formation or change the growth pattern in the striatal target, but a hyperinnervation of the ventral mesencephalic graft was found. |
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http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3093-7
(750 words)
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| | TWO DISEASES, ONE HOPE |
| | HD, in contrast, is not a condition offset by the environment, as PD is thought to be. | | | Such messages from the brain dictate specific muscular and behavioral patterns. | | | Another example of how HD can be described as being the opposite condition to PD, has to do with both behavioral and biological symptoms of the neurodegenerative diseases. |
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http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper3/Sangaramoothy3.html
(1429 words)
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| | AMPA Receptor Binding and Subunit mRNA Expression in Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum of Elderly Schizophrenics |
| | Furthermore, AMPA receptor expression did not seem to be regulated by chronic antipsychotic drug exposure, when neuroleptic treated and drug-free schizophrenics were analyzed separately. | | | Specifically, dopaminergic hypofunction in the cortex and hyperfunction in the striatum are hypothesized to be associated with negative and positive symptoms, respectively. | | | 1995) found increases in gluR1 immunoreactivity in rat striatum and frontal cortex after haloperidol and clozapine treatment, whereas, clozapine treatment also increased gluR2 immunoreactivity in frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. |
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http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/npp/journal/v19/n4/full/1395198a.html
(3690 words)
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| | Neurological Research: Neurotransmitter distribution in the second trimester fetal human corpus striatum |
| | On the other hand some NTs such as neuropeptide-Y (NPY), Dopamine, somatostatin and neurotensin are either increased or show no change Due to these biochemical changes and the potential use of human fetal brain as a transplantable resource for HD, knowledge of NT expression in the developing basal ganglia is of interest. | | | Under appropriate conditions, transplanted neural tissue into the damaged brain has been shown to survive, integrate with the host tissue, and promote functional recovery associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease'. | | | Neuropathologic studies indicate that the corpus striatum (CS) incurs most of the pathologic changes and that there is selective loss of the GABAergic 'medium spiny' neurons in this area Other cell types such as cholinergic interneurons degenerate later in the disease process. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3909/is_200101/ai_n8951350
(1357 words)
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| | Non-uniform blockade of intrastriatal D(2)/D(3) receptors by risperidone and amisulpride. |
| | The caudate nucleus and ventral parts of the striatum primarily contain limbic and associative dopamine pathways more relevant to psychosis. | | | METHODS: Eight amisulpride-treated patients, six risperidone-treated patients and six age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. | | | RATIONALE: Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been shown to preferentially affect extrastriatal (mesolimbic) D(2)/D(3) receptors over those within the striatum (nigrostriatal). |
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http://counsellingresource.com/medications-research/2005/03/02/non-uniform-blockade-of-intrastriatal-d2d3-receptors-by-risperidone-and-amisulpride
(481 words)
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| | A Brief History of the Basal Ganglia |
| | It held such a central position, striped with a wide range of cortical and brainstem fibers, that at the time it was believed to be the "sensorium commune" as defined by Aristotle. | | | The term "basal ganglia" has been generally used to refer to these major anatomical telencephalic subcortical nuclei at the base of the forebrain. | | | The attractiveness of the histological organization of the cortex, and the possibility of localizing higher mental functions drew many neurologists of both the 18th and 19th centuries to cortical research. |
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http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~anaru/research/history
(364 words)
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| | Lesion-induced increase of BDNF is greater in the striatum of young versus old rat brain. |
| | BDNF protein content was greater in the lesioned striatum than in the intact striatum for all young rats, and the increased BDNF content in the lesioned striatum of young rats was directly correlated with severity of lesion as determined by rotational scores. | | | Lesion-induced increase of BDNF is greater in the striatum of young versus old rat brain. | | | These data suggest that an age-related difference in activity of at least one neurotrophic factor, BDNF, occur within the denervated striatum following a neurotoxic lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_10683304.html
(213 words)
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| | HABITUATION DECREASES THE EXPRESSION OF FOS IN THE STRIATUM AND CINGULATE CORTEX OF NOVELTY-SHUTTLED RATS |
| | Striatal FLI has been observed after pharmacological and biological manipulations, however fewer studies have reported the effects of environmental manipulation on FLI in the striatum. | | | The decrease in FLI was not correlated with locomotor behavior suggesting that repeated exposure to novel environments results is responsible for the reduction of striatal and cingulate cortex FLI and that this effect is not due to a reduction in locomotor activity. | | | The present study examined the effects of repeated NS on FLI in the striatum and the cingulate cortex. |
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http://www.wheaton.edu/psychology/undergrad/faculty/wms/research/SFN2001abs.htm
(349 words)
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| | BioMed Central Full text Age-dependent changes in 24-hour rhythms of catecholamine content and turnover in ... |
| | Most previous studies on the effect of aging on brain and peripheral catecholamines in rats have been obtained as single time points in a 24-h cycle. | | | Decreases in NE content in limbic areas, spinal cord, medulla oblongata and pons, and less consistently, in the hypothalamus and corpus striatum of old rats were identified [6-12]. | | | Moretti A, Carfagna N, Trunzo F: Effect of aging on monoamines and their metabolites in the rat brain. |
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http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6793/1/14
(5465 words)
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| | APStracts 7:0414J, 2000. |
| | However, the physiological properties of the avian basal ganglia have not been studied, and these properties are critical for inferring functional similarity. | | | We have used a zebra finch brain slice preparation to characterize the intrinsic physiological properties of neurons in the avian basal ganglia, particularly in the input structure of the basal ganglia, the striatum. | | | Our data support the general idea that the organization and functional properties of the basal ganglia have been largely conserved in mammals and birds, but they imply that avian striatum is not identical to mammalian dorsal striatum. |
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http://www.uth.tmc.edu/apstracts/2000/jn/August/414j.html
(337 words)
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| | THE EFFECTS OF QUINPIROLE ON NOVELTY SHUTTLING-INDUCED FLI IN THE RAT STRIATUM |
| | In this study male rats were treated with the dopamine D | | | Results showed that novelty shuttling induced Fos expression in the medial region of the striatum when compared to controls left in their home cage. | | | Fewer studies, however, have investigated the effects of placement into a series of novel environments (novelty shuttling) on Fos expression in the striatum. |
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http://www.wheaton.edu/psychology/undergrad/faculty/wms/research/sfn2000abs.htm
(274 words)
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| | Amazon.ca: Books: Theory of the Striatum |
| | Look for books like Theory of the Striatum by subject: | | | Top of Page : Theory of the Striatum | | | Use Your Account to view or change your orders |
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http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0080422780
(141 words)
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| | WOROI: 135 - Ventral striatum |
| | When compared to viewing emotionally neutral film excerpts, viewing erotic film excerpts was associated, for both genders, with bilateral blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal increases in the anterior cingulate, medial prefrontal, orbitofrontal, insular, and occipitotemporal cortices, as well as in the amygdala and the ventral striatum | | | Ventral striatum, nucleus accumbens, anterior thalamus, ventral tegmentum area, hypothalamus, amygdala | | | Areas of brain activation in males and females during viewing of erotic film excerpts. |
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http://hendrix.imm.dtu.dk/services/jerne/brede/WOROI_135.html
(87 words)
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| | The Basal Ganglia |
| | The GP is situated medial to the putamen and is seperated from it by a thin lamina of myelinated fibers called the external medullary lamina. | | | Formally this nucleus was thought to be part of the septal area it but now appears to be related both to the ventral striatum and pallidum and to limbic structures. | | | This region is now recognized as forming part of a functional circiuit distinct from the dorsal parts of the basal ganglia (see Connections). |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/anatomy/csjb.htm
(672 words)
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