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| | Science -- Cho 288 (5473): 1954 |
 | | Proponents of stereocilia, however, lack a key piece of their puzzle: In spite of overwhelming circumstantial evidence, no one has ever cloned the ion channel at the heart of the model or proved that it works as researchers claim. | | | The stereocilia can explain both the ear's fine tuning and other quirks of hearing in one mechanism. | | | The biggest challenge for either theory is to explain how mammals can hear at extremely high frequencies when other animals can't. |
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http://asterion.rockefeller.edu/marcelo/Reprints/Clips/25_adrian-cho.htm
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| | ASA/NOISE-CON 2000 Lay Language Papers -Nanoscale Ears based on Artificial Stereocilia |
| | Stereocilia are also present in animals' vestibular systems, which help them maintain balance and orientation. | | | Our approach to this problem is to apply recently developed techniques for fabricating highly uniform arrays of carbon nanotubes that have diameters and aspect ratios comparable to biological stereocilia. | | | Insects such as crickets possess stridulators, body parts that rub together to produce sound important for their communication and other tasks. |
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http://www.acoustics.org/press/140th/noca.htm
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| | Nat' Academies Press, (NAS Colloquium) Auditory Neuroscience Development, Transduction, and Integration (2001) |
| | Conversely, when the bundle is deflected in the negative direction, the reduced tension allows the motor to climb and restore tension to reopen channels. | | | Myosin Il3 immunoreactivity was indeed associated with both end of the tip links, where it may link the channels to the actin cores (Fig. | | | The stereocilia contain a rigid core of cross-linked actin filaments (1-3) and do not bend under normal conditions. |
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http://www.nap.edu/books/0309074223/html/41.html
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| | NIH News Release--Key to Lifelong Hearing Identified as Continuous Self- Renewal of the Sensory Sterocilia--08/21/2002 |
| | The work described in this week's issue of Nature is being followed up with additional studies to determine how the stereocilia can counterbalance the downward movement of the treadmill. | | | Why, in fact, are humans able to make use of the mechanically-sensitive hair cell stereocilia to hear throughout the auditory punishments of a lifetime? | | | The limberness of the stereocilia is key to their ability to respond to deflection and provide precise information that is interpreted by the brain as the range of sound. |
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http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug2002/nidcd-21.htm
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| | Stereocilia Dr.Jastrows EM-Atlas |
| | Sensory stereocilia are similar in construction and appearance to microvilli with the following exceptions: they are longer and greater in diameter, their basis is thinner than the parts located above; a glycocalyx and antennulae are not encountered. | | | Stereocilia belong to secondary sensory cells and change the frequency of generated action potentials depending on direction when being sheared or bend. | | | Stereocilia of inner and outer hair cells of the organ of Corti in the inner ear are about 5 µm in length. |
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http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMStereociliaE.html
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| | Neurobiology of Harmony |
| | The inner ear engages in "two tone suppression." Two tones which are similar in pitch will cause mechanical interference and the tones close to the characteristic frequency of a neuron will reduce to one tone (1). | | | While the behavior of stereocilia and hair cells in response to sound inputs suggests that the faculty of hearing enables the brain to convert sounds into chemical energy through mechanoreceptors that correspond directly with how the sounds exist mathematically, there is still room to be deceived by the senses. | | | Another way in which vertebrate neurobiological makeup allows for the discrimination of pitch, and therefore the assembly of harmony is the property of "tuning" of stereocilia. |
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http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web1/Benner.html
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| | HHMI's BioInteractive - A. James Hudspeth, Ph.D., M.D. |
| | The new technique enabled Dr. Hudspeth and his research team to confirm that the stereocilia are in fact the hair cell's sensory organelles. | | | While Dr. Hudspeth and his team were struggling with their research dilemma, another researcher—electron microscopist James Pickles in the United Kingdom—was making headway in his work. | | | Hudspeth developed methods to remove living hair cells from frogs and record the electrical changes that occur when their stereocilia are tickled with a vibrating probe. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/neuroscience/hudspeth.html
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| | Computational models of hair cell bundle mechanics: II. Simplified bundle models |
| | Beyond this value, the stereocilia are perfectly linked and variations in link stiffness do not significantly effect the bundle stiffness or link tension. | | | Three models are analyzed within this paper: two stereocilia connected by one link, two stereocilia connected by a biologically realistic set of links, and a column of stereocilia connected by realistic links. | | | The influence of various geometric and material combinations on bundle stiffness, link tensions and deformation shape are examined. |
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http://www.esm.vt.edu/php/pubAbstract.php?id=10006&id_idx=5
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| | New Scientist Breaking News - Hair clue to temporary deafness |
| | It explains how we manage to keep such a delicate and sensitive structure working for a lifetime," he adds. | | | "Stereocilia bend in response to sound waves and it is thought that excessive exposures from rock concerts or gunshots cause the stereocilia to make extreme bending movements, says lead researcher Bechara Kachar from the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland | | | "We believe these large movements may damage some unspecified critical element of the stereocilia bundles. |
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http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn2707
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| | Untitled Document |
| | vi) movement of body causes movement of endolymph resulting in movement of cupula and displacement of stereocilia | | | - movement of body causes movement of otoliths (lag behind) relative to stereocilia causing displacement of stereocilia | | | - movement of stereocilia cause ion channel opening/closing (depolarization/ hyperpolarization) depending on direction of movement of stereocilia |
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http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/lecture.f04/Earf04/Ear.f04.html
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| | Computational models of hair cell bundle mechanics: III. 3-D utricular bundles |
| | Tip link tensions show parallel behavior in peripheral columns of the bundle and serial behavior in central columns when the tip link modulus is near or above that of collagen (1 × 109 N/m2). | | | The stiff group are located in the striola. | | | This analysis shows that lumped parameter models of single stereocilia columns can show some aspects of bundle mechanics; however, a distributed, 3-D model is needed to explore overall bundle behavior. |
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http://www.esm.vt.edu/php/pubAbstract.php?id=10006&id_idx=7
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| | BW Online January 2, 2001 The Sound of One Cell Growing |
| | Q: Membranes seem pretty common in nature -- our ear drums, for example. | | | But it is stereocilia that do the real work. | | | Stereocilia populate the lateral-line system of fish for the measurement of water flows along the animal body and, presumably, also for identifying the direction of sound sources. |
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http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jan2001/nf2001012_818.htm
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| | Glossary of medical terms related to communications disorders - Questionz.net , answers to all your questions |
| | Haptic sense - sense of physical contact or touch. | | | Hair cells - sensory cells of the inner ear, which are topped with hair-like structures, the stereocilia, and which transform the mechanical energy of sound waves into nerve impulses. | | | Endolymph - fluid in the labyrinth (the organ of balance located in the inner ear that consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule). |
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http://www.questionz.net/Medical_Terms.html
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| | Stereocilia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The stereocilia have no internal structure and unlike true cilia, are non-motile(2,3). | | | Stereocilia are also found in the epididymis where they aid in absorption. | | | Tilting movements of the stereocilia affects the tension on the filaments in the tip link which opens and closes the gated ion channels(1). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereocilia
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| | Sondag_chapter2 |
| | The otolith organs can be represented as mass-spring systems. | | | The signal is further transmitted via the sensory fibers to the central vestibular nuclei where the integration with information from the other sensory systems takes place. | | | This connection supports the hypothesis for a dynamic interaction from the kinocilium to the stereocilia. |
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http://www.desc.med.vu.nl/Publications/Thesis/Sondag/Sondag_chapter2.htm
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| | David P. Corey |
| | Tip links are thought to pull directly on ion channels in the tips of the stereocilia, which open in response to the tension, allowing electric current in the form of potassium ions to flow into the hair cell to change its internal voltage. | | | Much of this work involves the hair cells of the inner ear, which convert the mechanical stimulus of a sound wave into an electrical signal that is sent to the brain. | | | Stereocilia are connected at their tips by fine filaments called tip links, which are pulled each time the bundle is deflected in one direction by a sound vibration. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/coreydp.html
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| | Ears - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Ears |
| | Vibrations of the inner ear membrane move fluid contained in the spiral-shaped cochlea, which vibrates hair cells that stimulate the auditory nerve connected to the brain. | | | There are approximately 30,000 sensory hair cells (stereocilia). | | | Exposure to loud noise and the process of ageing damages the stereocilia, resulting in hearing loss. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Ears
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| | Molecular Genetics Lab: Research - Kresge Hearing Research Institute |
| | Morphological analysis of homozygous spinner mice indicated a pattern and time course of progressive hair cell loss in the cochlea similar to that found in pirouette. | | | Deflection of the stereocilia bundle by the mechanical energy of sound initiates formation of an electrical signal in the hair cell; this signal is transmitted to the central auditory system via the auditory nerve. | | | The stereocilia of affected pirouette mice are notably thinner than those of normal hearing mice (Figure 1) and become progressively more deteriorated during the first three weeks after birth. |
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http://www.khri.med.umich.edu/research/kohrman_lab/research.shtml
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| | How the Ear Works: Steoeocilia Bundle Organization and Mechanotransduction |
| | The bending of the bundle is a mechanical event which is why hair cells are mechanoreceptors (photoreceptors and chemoreceptors change their membrane potential in response to light and chemicals respectively, the change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor cell in response to an appropriate stimulus is called a receptor potential). | | | The sensory role of hair cells is accomplished by activating the auditory or vestibular nerve fibers that carry information into the brain. | | | Neurotransmitter release at an afferent synapse is regulated by changes in the membrane potential of the hair cell in response to bending its stereocilia bundle. |
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http://www.bcm.edu/oto/research/cochlea/Volta/10.html
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| | Otolith organs |
| | in contrast with the semicircular canals, where directionality is inherent in the structure, in the otolith organs, directionality is conferred solely by the orientation of the hair cell stereocilia | | | when the body is in anatomical position, the patch of hair cells in the UTRICLE is nearly horizontal, with the stereocilia oriented vertically – the sensory epithelium is attached to the medial wall of the SACCULE, with the stereocilia oriented horizontally | | | detect gravity (linear acceleration), and are therefore static in function – otoliths (small calcium carbonate particles) drag on the stereocilia when the head changes position |
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http://www.d.umn.edu/~jfitzake/Lectures/MedSchool/2005InnerEarPhysiology/Vestibular/Otolith.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The utricle and sacculus send back different signals to the central nervous system via cranial nerve VIII as they are situated differently within the inner ear. | | | However, if the fluid were to move toward the stereocilia, these delicate fibers would "bend" in response as they could not be "protected" in this case by the kinocilium. | | | If the fluid were to move toward the kinocilium, this large cilium would "protect" the stereocilia from the fluid movement and the more "fragile" stereocilia would not be affected. |
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http://www.uwm.edu/~tking/king6_7.htm
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| | Hearing and Hair Cells |
| | When the stereocilia are bent in response to a sound wave, an electromotile response occurs. | | | Hearing loss occurs because loud sounds are really just large pressure waves (like when you stand next to a subwoofer and can "feel" the bass). | | | Auditory nerve fibers rest below the hair cells and pass these signals on to the brain. |
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http://www.bcm.edu/oto/research/cochlea/Hearing
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| | IB 117(3) |
| | Varying lengths of stereocilia on peripheral supportive cells contributed to both ciliary cones of nematocytes and sensory neurons. | | | Both the supportive epithelial cells with stereocilia and the nonsupportive epithelial cells without stereocilia had a single long kinocilium with a basal body, an accessory centriole, and a thick striated rootlet. | | | Lysozyme-based analyses of protistan bacterivory developed for use on pelagic samples will be difficult to apply to some inland waters and benthic or littoral samples without precautions to exclude metazoans, chitinolytic enzymes in organisms, and dissolved organic compounds. |
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http://www.umesci.maine.edu/ams/ib1173.htm
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| | Canal orientation |
| | * arrowheads indicate the location of the kinocilium (tallest stereocilia) | | | the directionality of the stereocilia is different in the anterior and posterior canals (although it |
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http://www.d.umn.edu/~jfitzake/Lectures/MedSchool/2005InnerEarPhysiology/Vestibular/Orientation.htm
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| | IEG - Institute of Experimental Genetics |
| | Rhodes, C.R., Hertzano, R., Fuchs, H., Bell, R.E., Hrabé de Angelis, M., Steel, K.B., Avraham, K.B. A Myo7a mutation cosegregtaes with stereocilia defects and low-frequency hearing impairment. |
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http://www.gsf.de/ieg/publications/2005.html
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