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| | NERVE - LoveToKnow Article on NERVE |
 | | The spinal nerves are those which arise from each side of the spinal cord and are distributed to the trunk and limbs, though some of the upper ones supply the lower parts of the head and face. | | | The inusculo cutaneous nerve supplies the peroneus longus and brevis muscles, and the rest of the skin of the dorsum, of the foot, and lower part of the leg, while the skin of the upper part of the dorsum of the leg, below the knee, is supplied by the external popliteal before its division. | | | The external eutaneous nerve (L.2, 3) supplies the skin of the outer side of the thigh, while the anterior crural (L.2, 3, 4) innervates the muscles on the front of the thigh, the skin on the front and inner From A. Paterson, in cunninghams Toxt-Book of Anatomy. |
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http://66.1911encyclopedia.org/N/NE/NERVE.htm
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| | Accessory nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | There are two parts to the accessory nerve, a spinal part (innervates the muscles around neck), and a cranial part, that splits off, and quickly combines with the vagus nerve. | | | The spinal accessory nucleus lies within the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5) in the ventral horn. | | | The cranial part of nerve XI can be thought of doing the exact same things as the vagus. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_nerve
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| | MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Cranial Nerves |
| | Whereas most major nerves emerge from the spinal cord, the 12 pairs of cranial nerves project directly from the brain. | | | All but 1 pair relay motor or sensory information (or both); the tenth, or vagus nerve, affects visceral functions such as heart rate, vasoconstriction, and contraction of the smooth muscle found in the walls of the trachea, stomach, and intestine. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/media_461516677/Cranial_Nerves.html
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| | Journal Articles - Functional Evaluation of the Spinal Accessory Nerve - Jim English, MD - Facial Plastic Cosmetic ... |
| | Seventy percent of those patients and 60 percent of patients in whom the spinal accessory neve was spared but otherwise was a classic radical neck dissection (risk factor 4) who had no associated pain or subjective dysfunction nevertheless had shoulder dysfunction by objective measurement. | | | Among patients who had modified neck dissection with preservation of the spinal accessory nerve, jugular vein, and sternocleidomastiod muscle (risk factors 2 and 3), the distribution of subjective disability (that is, pain) correlated exceedingly well with decreased objective movement and strength at the neck and shoulder (Table II). | | | Overall, 14 of 28 patients (50%) had loss of spinal accessory nerve innervation to the trapezius muscle, as documented by objective measurement. |
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http://surgeonfacialplastic.com/article_spinal.htm
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| | Physical Therapy: Physical therapy for spinal accessory nerve injury complicated by adhesive capsulitis |
| | Spinal accessory nerve injury is documented in the literature as a complication of various surgical procedures or trauma. | | | Surgical procedures contributing to iatrogenic spinal accessory nerve injury are carotid endarterectomy, biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes,1 radical neck dissection for the treatment of neck and head tumors,2 and surgical procedures in the posterior triangle.3 | | | This combination of clinical findings may indicate involvement of cranial nerves IX, X, and XI (the so-called jugular foramen syndrome or Jackson syndrome), whereas involvement of the spinal accessory nerve proximal to the sternocleidomastoid muscle would affect the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.4 Distal compression (as in the posterior triangle) would involve the trapezius musculature alone.4 |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3753/is_200103/ai_n8943801
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| | Vulnerability of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck: a cadaveric study. | | | Anatomic determination of the location and course of the spinal accessory nerve may be helpful for a better understanding of the mechanism of the nerve injury. | | | Injury to the accessory nerve results in an obvious shoulder droop, loss of shoulder elevation, and pain. |
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http://www.ombregt.be/abstracts/abstr33.HTM
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| | "De Schouder" Demoversie |
| | Nerve expl oration should be considered when the patient's clinical exam does not improve within 3 months of injury. | | | The importance of avoiding the nerve in surgical intervention in the neck must be strongly emphasized. | | | The nerve is most frequently damaged as a complication of radical neck dissection, cervical lymph node biopsy and other surgical procedures. |
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http://www.ombregt.be/schouder/nl/snacces.htm
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| | References |
| | Seddon HJ: Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves. | | | Dolenc VV: Intercostal neurotization of the peripheral nerves in avulsion plexus injuries. | | | Hansasuta A, Tubbs RS, Grabb PA: Surgical relationship of the medial pectoral nerve to the musculocutaneous nerve: a cadaveric study. |
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http://www.medscape.com/content/2004/00/48/00/480075/480075_ref.html
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| | bibsurgery97 |
| | The spinal accessory nerve and iintercostal nerves are widely used as donor nerves for neurotization in patients with brachial plexus injuries. | | | In 10 beagle dogs, the spinal accessory nerve was used to reinnervate the left biceps muscle, and the second and third intercostal nerves were used to reinnervate the right biceps muscle. | | | The purpose of this study is to compare the resulting contractile properties of the biceps muscles following nerve-crossing procedures of spinal accessory nerve and intercostal nerves to the musculocutaneous nerves. |
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http://www.ubpn.org/biblio/bibsurgery97.html
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| | [Anatomicosurgical comments on the importance of the spinal accessory nerve]. |
| | The resection of the spinal accessory nerve leads to the so-called "shoulder syndrome" mainly due to the denervation of the trapezius. | | | The preserved integrity of the spinal accessory nerve plays an extremely important role in cervico-facial surgery since the majority of surgical approaches involve this nervous structure. | | | [Anatomicosurgical comments on the importance of the spinal accessory nerve].This is followed by an analysis of the possible complications deriving from lesions to this vital nervous structure. |
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http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/gp/7478565.html
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| | AAPM&R - EMG Case No. 60, cont |
| | Vulnerability of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck: a cadaveric study. | | | Since the nerve passes through the sternocleidomastoid muscle, it has traction placed upon it when that muscle contracts to turn the head away from the affected side and the shoulder is passively pushed downward. | | | The nerve is then stretched between the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid and anterior border of the trapezius muscles (see figure 2). |
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http://www.aapmr.org/education/emgcases/emg6003e.htm
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| | Cranial_Nerves |
| | The eleventh cranial nerve is primarily responsible for movement of the muscles of the upper shoulders, head, neck, larynx and pharynx. | | | Supplying the carotod sinus, the ninth cranial nerve is responsible for the reflex control of the heart.It also supplies the back part of the tongue and the soft palate. | | | There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that lead directly from the brain to various parts of the head. |
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http://www.polychondritis.com/Neurological/CranialNervesAnIntro.html
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| | acoustic neuroma glossary |
| | CRANIAL NERVE - any one of twelve nerves, which are numbered, originating in the brain or brainstem and conveying information to or from structures in the head, neck, shoulders, or internal organs; the facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth cranial nerve. | | | The facial and vestibulocochlear nerves travel through canals in the temporal bone, and removal of portions of the temporal bone is necessary for acoustic neuroma surgery. | | | SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE - the eleventh cranial nerve; controls motion of neck and shoulder muscles. |
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http://www.ohsu.edu/ent/ear/glossary.html
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| | Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: Sensory pathways in the spinal accessory nerve |
| | The accepted theory of the cause of this pain is traction secondary to the drooped shoulder.2-4,19 After nerve grafts or neurolysis of the nerve in iatrogenic injury, there is often improvement in the pain, but the shoulder droop remains. | | | We obtained samples of spinal accessory nerve from patients undergoing radical surgery for tumours or nerve grafting in the neck. | | | He also refers to the presence of sensory fibres in the spinal nerves which join the spinal accessory nerve, and cites the physiological experiments by Yee et al14 which implied that these fibres were proprioceptive in nature. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_199903/ai_n8846411
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| | extmm3 |
| | The cleidomastoideus and the cleidocervicalis portions of the brachiocephalic muscle, the omotransversarius muscle and the trapezius muscle are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve. | | | Which muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve? | | | In this image, the brachiocephalic and trapezius muscles have been transected and reflected. |
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http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/VAn308/extmm3.htm
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| | Spinal Accessory Nerve |
| | This is observed as a drooping of the shoulder. | | | Unilateral injury to the spinal accessory nerve usually does not produce an abnormal head position. |
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http://cis-ps2.osu-com.okstate.edu/hector/back/SpinalAccessoryNervetr.htm
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| | eMedicine - Radical Neck Dissection : Article by Antonio Riera March, MD, FACS |
| | The sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve, mandatory in the classic radical neck dissection, produces shoulder drop with local pain in the affected area and limitation in the range of motion of the arm and shoulder. | | | The vagus nerve in the neck is intimately associated with the carotid sheath and is immediately deep to the internal jugular vein. | | | The spinal accessory nerve is sacrificed in the radical neck dissection; therefore, no identification of the nerve is required. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic502.htm
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| | Headlines October 2000 |
| | Injury (or removal) of the spinal accessory nerve results in what we call the "shoulder syndrome" and it is characterized by pain and stiffness in the shoulder and the inability to easily raise your arm above your head. | | | The nerve that you are talking about is the "spinal accessory" nerve and it makes the trapezius muscle work. | | | Most surgeons will do what is known as a modified neck dissection wherein they try to save the spinal accessory nerve to avoid the shoulder syndrome, but stretching the nerve to remove the lymph nodes around it can make it function poorly none the less. |
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http://www.laryngectomees.inuk.com/Patsand35.htm
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| | Neck Dissection: Classification, Indications and Techniques |
| | Modifications of the classic RND aim to reduce postsurgical neck pain and shoulder dysfunction encountered when the spinal accessory is resected without compromising adequate oncologic treatment. | | | The spinal root of the accessory nerve is a union of motor neurons whose cell bodies originate in the spinal nucleus located in the anterior grey column of the spinal cord. | | | This, he felt, was impossible without the removal of the spinal accessory nerve, the internal jugular vein, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle. |
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http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Neck-Dissection-020116/Neck-Dissection-020116.htm
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| | Home Page |
| | The effectiveness and low morbidity of nerve surgery in these situations suggests that it is the treatment of choice in many cases. | | | Patients less than 7 years out from injury are candidates for nerve surgery in the absence of other contraindications such as established loss of continuity of the nerve greater than 18 months; patients between 7 and 10 years out from injury are relative candidates for nerve surgery and good outcomes are less predictable. | | | However, the growing understanding that long thoracic nerve decompression is effective and associated with minimal morbidity suggests that it is the initial treatment of choice in appropriate cases of scapular winging. |
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http://freespace.virgin.net/steven.fromm/index.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Thereafter, the veteran should be afforded a VA neurological examination by a specialist in neurology and, if possible, by a pain management specialist, to determine the severity of his reflex sympathetic dystrophy, right suprascapular nerve apraxia, right spinal accessory nerve neurapraxia, myofascial pain syndrome, and right occipital neuralgia with secondary loss of consciousness. | | | Entitlement to a rating in excess of 50 percent for reflex sympathetic dystrophy, right suprascapular nerve apraxia, right spinal accessory nerve neurapraxia, and neck and shoulder myofascial pain syndrome. | | | Review of the report of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) general medical examination in January 1992 reveals that the examiner recommended a neurological evaluation of the veteran's reflex sympathetic dystrophy, right suprascapular nerve apraxia, right spinal accessory nerve apraxia, and myofascial pain. |
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http://www.va.gov/vetapp/files2/9415233.txt
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| | Trapezius - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics |
| | Identification of the Spinal Accessory Nerve Within the Surgical Field During Primary Exploration of the Brachial Plexus in Infants With Obstetric Palsy. | | | - note: that in the posterior cervical triangle, the spinal accessory nerve is located superficially in the subcutaneous tissue; | | | - most often arises from mishandled cervical node biopsy, trauma, or from radical neck dissection (due to injury to spinal accessory nerve); |
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http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/trapezius
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| | Spinal Accessory Nerve |
| | The spinal accessory nerve originates from neuronal cell bodies located in the cervical spinal cord and caudal medulla. | | | Most consider the cranial part of the eleventh cranial nerve to be functionally part of the vagus nerve. | | | Most are located in the spinal cord and ascend through the foramen magnum and exit the cranium through the jugular foramen. |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn11.htm
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| | abstract |
| | Reconstruction of the spinal accessory nerve with an anastomosis to | | | Most lesions of the spinal accessory nerve are of traumatic origin. | | | peripheral nerve injuries in the craniocervical region, if other |
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http://www2.muhealth.org/~pmr/abstracts/abstract_Page352.htm
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| | Cranial Nerve XI © Copyright American Academy of Manual Medicine |
| | Nuclear or peripheral nerve lesion (bilateral): an expressed inability to shrug or elevate chin; atrophy of the trapezius. | | | A unilateral peripheral lesion: depressed and winged scapula; atrophy of trapezius, causing shoulder depression of affected side; inability to shrug symmetrically; atrophy of the sternocleidomastoid of the affected side resulting in inability to rotate head to non-affected side. | | | Home Disorders Pain referral Trigger points Cranial nerve Spinal nerve Historical About us Contact us Site map |
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http://webmanmed.com/cranialnrv_files/spinalacc.html
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| | February 2002 Head & Neck Exam |
| | The external laryngeal nerve is transmitted through the thyrohyoid ligament. | | | Your patient has problems with mucous drainage from the maxillary sinus. | | | Ciliary ganglion: fibers that innervate a muscle that changes the shape of the lens. |
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http://mail.med.upenn.edu/~pennmsg/Exams/modules/1/H&N_22002_Exam.html
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Cranial Nerves |
| | Some of these nerves bring information from the sense organs to the brain; other cranial nerves control muscles; other cranial nerves are connected to glands or internal organs such as the heart and lungs. | | | Although the vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance, we will only test the hearing portion of the nerve here. | | | These tests are not meant to be a "clinical examination" of the cranial nerves. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cranial.html
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| | AAPM&R - March 1999 EMG Case |
| | An intraspinal or intracranial nerve entrapment of the spinal accessory nerve has not been excluded. | | | A unique feature of this patient is the involvement of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, usually spared, since most spinal accessory palsies following rhytidectomy occur more distally. | | | Should there be no further recovery then referral to plastic surgery may be indicated for nerve exploration. |
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http://www.aapmr.org/education/archive/emg9903c.htm
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| | IngentaConnect A Simple Method of Identifying the Spinal Accessory Nerve |
| | Delineating this nerve prior to performing surgery in the lateral neck and shoulder region is crucial to avoid the potentially disastrous complication of severing this nerve. | | | The spinal accessory nerve (nerve XI) constitutes a unique and readily encountered hazard in cutaneous and subcutaneous surgery of the head and neck. | | | Presented is a simple method of using pinprick hyperaesthesia to accurately identify the course of this nerve. |
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http://api.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/dsu/2000/00000026/00000004/art09282
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| | Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury - Trapezius Paralysis |
| | What is the best support product to replace the trapezius muscle due to Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury in the Posterior Triangle of the neck. | | | Re: Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury - Trapezius Paralysis pixie 12:42:28 6/07/2001 ( | | | Re: Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury - Trapezius Paralysis Nurdan Kotevoglu 01:28:52 9/25/2002 ( |
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http://www.orthopedicquestions.com/mes-orthotist/1612.html
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| | Neurotization via the spinal accessory nerve in complete paralysis - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics |
| | They performed microneuroanastomoses with interposed cable nerve grafts between the spinal accessory nerve taken in the supraclavicular fossa and the musculocutaneous nerve at its entrance into the biceps muscle. | | | 1988 Dec(237): 67-74 The authors report their experience with 21 cases of neurotization via the spinal accessory nerve for multiple nerve root avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus associated with total paralysis of the upper limb. | | | As many as two-thirds of the patients with a neurotized musculocutaneous nerve can be expected to achieve strength of at least Grade 3 on late muscle testing. |
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http://www.wheelessonline.com/lib9/270.htm
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| | SPINAL NUCLEUS OF ACCESSORY NERVE |
| | Translations for "SPINAL NUCLEUS OF ACCESSORY NERVE"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. |
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http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/SPINAL+NUCLEUS+OF+ACCESSORY+NERVE
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| | spinal accessory nerve palsy - General Practice Notebook |
| | During the neurological examination the function of the accessory nerve is assessed as follows: | | | spinal accessory nerve palsy - General Practice Notebook | | | Accessory nerve palsy is paralysis of the muscles supplied by the accessory nerve, cranial nerve XI. |
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http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/1953169422.htm
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| | Hourigan, Kluger & Quinn P.C. |
| | Verdict Won for Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury - $275,000 Verdict | | | 591182 - $275,000 Verdict For Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury | | | Verdict Won for Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury - $275,000 Verdict (Lindsley) |
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http://www.hkqpc.com/a-med-mal-lindsley.html
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| | HyperBrain Glossary Term |
| | Originates from motor neurons in the cervical spinal cord and medulla to innervate the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. | | | Ascends as common trunk through the foramen magnum to exit the skull via the jugular foramen with nerves IX & X. |
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http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/hyperbrain/glossary/s049.htm
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| | Posterior Triangle of the Neck |
| | The spinal accessory nerve (XI) leaves the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle just superior to its midpoint. | | | Structures in posterior triangle superior to the spinal accessory nerve include: | | | The nerve then crosses the triangle to enter the trapezius muscle about 5 cm from the clavicle. |
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http://cats.med.uvm.edu/cats_teachingmod/gross_anatomy/upper_extremity/pages/neck_triangel.html
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| | Targeted disruption of the homeobox gene Nkx2.9 reveals a role in development of the spinal accessory nerve. |
| | This finding is in contrast to Nkx2.2-null mutants, which have been shown to exhibit ventral to dorsal transformation of neuronal cell fates in spinal cord. | | | Cells within this region give rise to V3 interneurons and visceral motoneurons in spinal cord and hindbrain, respectively. | | | From these observations, we conclude that Nkx2.9 has a specific function in the hindbrain as determinant of the branchial motoneuron precursor cells for the spinal accessory nerve and possibly other nerves of the branchial-motor column. |
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http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/gp/9849824.html
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| | Search Results for "Accessory" |
| | Composition and Central Connections of the Spinal Nerves. | | | Associated with it are certain accessory structures, viz., the muscles, fasciæ, eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva,... | | | 792, 793, 794) consists of two parts: a cranial and a spinal. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col107%amp;query=Accessory
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| | IX. Neurology. 5k. The Accessory Nerve. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. |
| | In the posterior triangle it unites with the second and third cervical nerves, while beneath the Trapezius it forms a plexus with the third and fourth cervical nerves, and from this plexus fibers are distributed to the muscle. | | | 792, 793, 794) consists of two parts: a cranial and a spinal. | | | The Spinal Part (ramus externus; spinal portion) is firm in texture, and its fibers arise from the motor cells in the lateral part of the anterior column of the gray substance of the medulla spinalis as low as the fifth cervical nerve. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/107/206.html
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| | Neurotization of C7 Posterior Root and Spinal Accessory Nerve for Reconstruction the Trapezius Muscle Function |
| | Objectives: To introduce a new approach of neurotization for treatment the shoulder complaints after the radical neck dissection which transfer the C7 posterior root to the spinal accessory nerve for reconstruction the function of trapezius muscle. | | | Methods: 10 patients underwent the neurotization during the radical neck dissection. | | | Subjective complaints, objective physical examinations and electromyography were investigated pre-operatively and 1,3,6 month post-operatively to evaluate the function of trapezius muscle after the anastomosis. |
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http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/china04/preliminaryprogram/abstract_49697.htm
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