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| | Spasticity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Spasticity is a disorder of the body's motor system in which certain muscles are continuously contracted. | | | Spasticity is usually caused by damage to the portion of the brain or spinal cord that controls voluntary movement. | | | The degree of spasticity varies from mild muscle stiffness to severe, painful, and uncontrollable muscle spasms. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasticity
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| | Spasticity |
| | Mild spasticity is treated with physical therapy and stretching exercises. | | | Spasticity occurs when the damaged brain is unable to generate adequate inhibitory stimulus to the spinal cord or when the damaged spinal cord cannot relay the signals to the alpha motor neuron of the spinal cord. | | | As spasticity worsens, the muscle tightness increases as the patient tries to move, the limbs and body jerk involuntarily, causing pain, and interfering with mobility, sleep, and care. |
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http://www.ordia.com/spasticity.html
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| | spasticity - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia |
| | Spasticity is a common in a number of conditions including cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke and multiple sclerosis. | | | Spasticity can be very painful and, depending on the affected muscles, can result in an uncoordinated gait, stiff or deformed posture and shortening of the range of limb movement. | | | The first line of treatment for spasticity is physical therapy which can involve strengthening and stretching exercises and other non-invasive procedures. |
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http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/spasticity.html
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| | Pharmacologic Management of Spasticity Following Stroke |
| | Although the strongest association may be made between spasticity and the hyperactive stretch reflex arc, clinicians are acutely aware of abnormal reflexive movements observed in patients with a UMN lesion that are not in response to stretch. | | | Gabapentin for the treatment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. | | | For others, spasticity is part of a central motor neuron syndrome that includes hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, increased resistance to passive movement, flexed posturing of the upper extremity and extension of the lower extremity, excessive contraction of antagonist muscles, and synergistic movement patterns. |
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http://www.ptjournal.org/PTJournal/Oct2004/v84n10p973.cfm
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| | eMedicine - Spasticity : Article by Zeba F Vanek, MD |
| | Spasticity has been defined as an increase in muscle tone due to hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex and is characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes (Lance, 1980). | | | Spasticity is associated with some very common neurological disorders—multiple sclerosis, stroke, cerebral palsy, spinal cord and brain injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the upper motor neuron, pyramidal and extrapyramidal pathways. | | | Children with spasticity represent a different challenge because their spasticity may change as they grow and develop so that, at times, surgery may be undertaken to allow more normal bone and muscle growth. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic706.htm
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| | Spasticity |
| | Spasticity is treated through physical therapy, occupational therapy, braces, and in some cases, surgery to improve muscle control. | | | Spasticity is a condition in which the muscles are stiff and weak. | | | Someone who is spastic has stiff, weak muscles that are difficult to stretch. |
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http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/s/spacticity.htm
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| | Exploring Spasticity Home |
| | Spasticity is a physical condition that occurs when certain nerve signals do not reach muscles because of injury or disease that affects certain parts of the brain or spinal cord. | | | Exploring Spasticity is an educational program designed to raise awareness of spasticity, bring those who are affected together to share their personal stories and coping strategies, and empower patients and caregivers to seek treatment. | | | Spasticity is characterized by tight, stiff muscles that make movement, especially of the arms or legs, difficult or uncontrollable. |
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http://www.exploringspasticity.com
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| | Spasticity |
| | Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by tight or stiff muscles that may interfere with voluntary muscle movements. | | | Spasticity may vary based on initial muscle tone, length of responding muscle groups, the person's position, posture and state of relaxation. | | | In addition to increased muscle tone, spasticity is characterized by increased muscle stretch reflexes, muscle spasms, involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles, exaggerated tendon jerks or reflexes and increased resistance to movement of certain muscle groups. |
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http://www.clevelandclinic.org/neuroscience/treat/pediatrics/spasticity
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| | World of MS - Symptoms & Treatments - Spasticity |
| | Major failings in most reported clinical trials of such drugs are that the pattern of spasticity is inadequately described, the objectives of treatment are not specified, and only short-term rather than medium- or long-term outcomes are assessed 7. | | | Pathophysiologically, it may be defined as velocity-dependent increase of resistance of muscle to stretch and is thought to be due to central disinhibition of the reflex arcs 2. | | | Although several methods of neurosurgical alleviation of spasticity by interrupting the reflex arc exist, none of them has gained wide acceptance in the treatment of MS because of untoward sequelae and complications 1, 6. |
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http://www.msif.org/en/symptoms_treatments/ms_by_topic/spasticity
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| | Spasticity |
| | Spasticity is the involuntary movement (jerking) of muscles, which occurs because message can travel from parts of your body to the spinal cord and cause reflex activity (muscle movement). | | | Spasticity is a non-specific symptom, which may occur in many problems associated with spinal cord injury. | | | Spasticity is common in varying degrees after spinal cord injury. |
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http://calder.med.miami.edu/pointis/spasticity.html
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| | National MS Society Sourcebook: Spasticity |
| | Treatment of spasticity and muscle tightness by medication and physical and occupational therapy is needed to prevent painful and disabling contractures in the hips, knees, ankles, shoulders, and elbows. | | | Because spasticity varies so much from person to person, it must be treated on an individual basis and demands a true partnership between the person with MS, physician, nurse, physical therapist, and occupational therapist. | | | Spasticity may be aggravated by sudden movements or position changes, muscle tightness ("adaptive shortening"), extremes of temperature, humidity, or infections, and can even be triggered by tight clothing. |
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http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Sourcebook-Spasticity.asp
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| | Treatment of Human Spasticity with Delta-9 THC |
| | Abstract: Spasticity is a common neurologic condition in patients with multiple sclerosis, stroke, cerebral palsy or an injured spinal cord. | | | Preliminary uncontrolled observations of these patients before and after inhalation of the drug suggested to us that the improvement in spasticity was a specific effect of the marihuana and not merely a result of the well-recognized euphoria or altered perception experienced by social users of the drug. | | | We entered nine patients with spasticity, presumably of spinal origin and related to multiple sclerosis, into a double-blinded pilot study. |
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http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/hemp/medical/spast1.htm
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| | Soothing spasticity |
| | Spasticity means that muscles are out of control because the brain and spinal cord do not transmit nerve signals that allow muscles to work properly. | | | Care for spasticity is a distinct component of rehabilitation, combining traditional treatments -- such as braces to stabilize spastic limbs -- with new anti-spasmodic drug therapies. | | | Spasticity causes permanent muscle contractions, abnormal muscle tone and pain. |
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http://www.post-gazette.com/healthscience/20000627hspastic2.asp
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| | Spasticity References |
| | Spasticity was quantified through the use of a normalized relaxation index (R2n) obtained from the pendulum drop test both before and after measurement of isometric quadriceps torque in response to 20 minutes of cyclic electrical stimulation. | | | Abstract: To study the efficacy of electrical stimulation in treating spasticity of six spinal cord injured patients, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was applied to the dermatomes belonging to the same spinal cord level as the selected spastic muscle group. | | | Physical therapy and conventional orthoses are the mainstays of spasticity management during acute rehabilitation. |
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http://www.ifess.org/Services/Consumer_Ed/References/spasticity_references.htm
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| | eMedicine - Spasticity : Article by Elizabeth A Moberg-Wolff, MD |
| | Spasticity (meaning to draw or tug) is involuntary, velocity-dependent, increased muscle tone resulting in resistance to movement that may occur secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI), brain injury, tumor, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), or a peripheral nerve injury. | | | In patients with new onset spasticity, a thorough history and physical examination, as well as imaging studies of the head, neck, and spine or EMG or nerve conduction velocities may be useful in eliminating treatable causes of increased tone. | | | Polysynaptic responses may be involved in spinal cord-mediated spasticity, while enhanced excitability of monosynaptic pathways is involved in cortically medicated spasticity. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic177.htm
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| | Gillette Children's - Spasticity Management |
| | Spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injuries or spinal cord injuries can be complex and difficult to treat. | | | For example, when rhizotomy surgery or intrathecal baclofen is used to relax the muscles and reduce spasticity, the orthopaedic surgeon can then restore contracted muscles to their appropriate length, and/or realign the bony skeleton so that the muscles can work appropriately on the skeletal levers. | | | The goal of physical and occupational therapy is to help children with spasticity be as functional as they can be. |
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http://www.gillettechildrens.org/default.cfm?PID=1.3.17
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| | SCI Forum Reports - Spasticity: Research |
| | The most invasive spasticity treatment option is a myelotomy, a surgical procedure in which the reflexive nerves are cut. | | | Spasticity is a common problem after SCI and results from increased reflex activity that develops following damage to the spinal cord. | | | This method effectively eliminates spasticity, Sepahpanah explained, but is always a last resort because it permanently and irreversibly changes the anatomy of the spinal cord. |
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http://depts.washington.edu/rehab/sci/spasticity.html
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| | Spasticity |
| | Spasticity causes muscle tone to become exaggerated, which makes the normal stretching and flexing of everyday movement impossible. | | | Patients who have extremely painful muscle spasms, which affect the arms or legs or both, are usually considered for the pump. | | | Most spasticity improves with regular stretching of the affected muscles. |
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http://www.umm.edu/neurosciences/spasticity.html
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| | SIRH - Spasticity Program |
| | Spasticity is an abnormal increase in muscle tone caused by interruption of the nerve pathways regulating muscles. | | | Spasticity can greatly decrease quality of life, physically and emotionally. | | | The team consists of a rehab physician, orthopedic surgeon, occupational therapist, and a physical therapist. |
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http://www.sirh.org/spasticity.html
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| | SPASM Measures of Spasticity |
| | Because of the relative lack of treatment or therapy to reduce spasticity, there has been limited development of methods for its measurement. | | | This Group has performed a structured review of the literature on the measurement of spasticity and developed very considerable experience in the use of a number of techniques leading to a range of recommendations. | | | Even today, while there are a number of validated techniques for the measurement of associated disability, the measurement of spasticity at the level of impairment is probably in its infancy. |
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http://www.ncl.ac.uk/spasm
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Spasticity |
| | Spasticity is marked by stiff or rigid muscles and exaggerated, deep tendon reflexes. | | | Physical therapy consists of stretching exercises, muscle group strengthening exercises, and repetitive motion exercises (for improvement of accuracy and performance at given tasks). | | | Physical therapy can be taught to parents who may then administer the care at home. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003297.htm
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| | Spasticity and Movement Disorders Clinic |
| | It is thought to be due to damage to the basal ganglia, deep structures in the brain that adjust the amount of movement that occurs when people tell a muscle to move. | | | Muscle tone—the state of muscle contraction—is controlled by two factors: inhibitory (relaxing) signals combing down from the brain into the spinal cord, causing the release of a chemical, GABA, which make the muscles relax, and excitatory (stimulating) signals coming from the muscles into the spinal cord, telling themselves to contract (tighten). | | | The damage may occur anywhere along the pathway, from the brain to the brainstem to the spinal cord. |
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http://www.neurosurgery.pitt.edu/pediatric/spasticity
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| | WE MOVE - Spasticity Treatment |
| | As mentioned in the section on assessment of spasticity, rating scales may be used to evaluate response to therapy. | | | Most people with spasticity require physical and occupational therapy to improve or maintain the range of motion in their spastic limbs. | | | Therefore, it is important when measuring response to treatment to have the assessment take place at the same time of day, in the same environment, and using the same measuring techniques and devices. |
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http://www.wemove.org/spa/spa_tre.html
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| | Spasticity |
| | It seems that as people age with spinal cord injury, they focus less on their spasticity. | | | Other diseases that may develop in the spinal cord tumors, Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, a spinal cord stroke also may cause spasticity to change. | | | Unless you're one of those people who "walks on his spasticity," uncontrollable spasms can make life pretty miserable. |
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http://www.craighospital.org/SCI/METS/spasticity.asp
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| | ScienceDaily: Botox Injections Effective For Treating Stroke Spasticity |
| | Disabling spasticity affects between 17 percent and 30 percent of stroke survivors and can lead to functional limitations, discomfort and pain. | | | The study was conducted by Brashear and colleagues while she was at Indiana University School of Medicine. | | | New research shows that repeated treatments of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) over one year after a stroke can improve muscle tone and reduce pain in the arms and hands, making it easier for patients to dress themselves and perform personal hygiene. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/10/051028142538.htm
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| | Columbia-Presbyterian Neurosurgery > Conditions & Treatments |
| | Between 70% and 80% of children with CP will be limited by spasticity, where the muscles are uncontrollably stiff, contracted, and painful. | | | This may involve a combination of physical and occupational therapy (including positioning, bracing, splinting, and casting), baclofen and other oral medications, Botox intramuscular injections, intrathecal baclofen pumps, and orthopedic surgery. | | | The Spasticity/Movement Disorder Center at the Children’s Hospital of New York has a multidisciplinary team that includes pediatric specialists in neurosurgery, neurology, orthopedic surgery, as well as physical and occupational therapists. |
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http://www.cpneurosurgery.com/conditions.php?detail=1&id=42
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| | Washington University Neurosurgery: Faculty / Matthew D. Smyth, M.D. |
| | Lack of spinal surgery after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with spastic diplegia and quadriplegia. | | | Peacock WJ and Smyth MD. Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy for Spasticity of the Peripheral Nervous System. | | | Selective Posterior Rhizotomy and Intrathecal Baclofen for the Treatment of Spasticity. |
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http://neurosurgery.wustl.edu/faculty/smyth.htm
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| | Botox Facts: Spasticity |
| | Botox® relaxes the affected muscles, reducing spasticity and helping patients function more normally, with improvements in hygiene, dressing, and pain. | | | The safety and efficacy of the injections in the treatment of wrist and finger spasticity after stroke were examined in a large study of 126 patients. | | | In November 2001, Health Canada approved Botox® injections to reduce spasticity that can occur after a stroke, when muscles no longer respond to signals from the central nervous system telling them to relax, and they remain contracted instead. |
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http://www.botoxfacts.ca/spasticity.html
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| | Dantrium - spasticity |
| | Before prescribing, please see full prescribing information including the Warnings. | | | In a clinical study comparing Dantrium and diazepam in the treatment of spasticity, drowsiness, imbalance, and incoordination worsened significantly more often in patients on diazepam when compared to patients on Dantrium. | | | Dantrium is the only drug indicated for the treatment of spasticity with action directly on the skeletal muscle. |
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http://www.pgpharma.com/healthcareprofessional_dantrium.shtml
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| | MDVU - WE MOVE's Movement Disorder Virtual University |
| | WE MOVE, in collaboration with the National Stroke Association, launches the Post-stroke Spasticity Management Initiative. | | | WE MOVE adheres to HON code "Guidelines for Non-profit Organizations" | | | » Updated BOTOX Dosing Tables for Spasticity and Dystonia |
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http://www.mdvu.org
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