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| | Sexual selection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The sciences of evolutionary psychology, human behavioral ecology, and sociobiology study the influence of sexual selection in humans, though these are often controversial fields. | | | Because traits held to be due to sexual selection often conflict with the survival fitness of the individual, the question then arises as to why, in nature, in which survival of the fittest is considered the rule of thumb, such apparent liabilities are allowed to persist. | | | Sexual selection is the theory that competition for mates between individuals of the same sex drives the evolution of certain traits. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_selection
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| | Natural selection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Historically, because of the focus on evolution by natural selection, the emphasis has been on the selection of individual organisms that differ in some trait(s) which affect individual performance and result in a higher or lower reproductive output (so called positive and negative selection). | | | Darwin's theory of natural selection starts from the premise that traits in organisms vary in a non-preordained way among individuals. | | | The basic concept of natural selection is that "nature" (the physical and biological environment) "selects" variations in characteristics or traits which improve individual survival and reproduction (adaptive traits) and selects against unfavourable traits which burden individuals (maladaptive traits), described as follows by Darwin in Chapter 4 of The Origin of Species: |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection
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| | Female Sexual Selection |
| | Sexual selection depends on the success of certain individuals over others of the same sex, in relation to the general conditions of life. | | | Whereas natural selection and male competition tend to produce convergent evolution onto rather mundane, pragmatic adaptations, sexual selection through female choice tends to produce divergent evolution that explores all the extreme corners of the vast space of beautiful morphologies and charming behaviors. | | | Rather, sexual selection through mate choice is a process equal in importance to natural selection to the external environment. |
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http://www.neoteny.org/a/sexualselection.html
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| | [No title] |
| | That some relation exists between polygamy and the development of secondary sexual characters, appears nearly certain; and this supports the view that a numerical preponderance of males would be eminently favourable to the action of sexual selection. | | | Besides the primary and secondary sexual differences, such as the foregoing, the males and females of some animals differ in structures related to different habits of life, and not at all, or only indirectly, to the reproductive functions. | | | Nevertheless, natural selection will determine that such characters shall not be acquired by the victorious males, if they would be highly injurious, either by expending too much of their vital powers, or by exposing them to any great danger. |
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http://www.zoo.uib.no/classics/darwin/descent.chap8.txt
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| | Psycoloquy 12(008): The Mating Mind: how Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of |
| | His theory of sexual selection was developed not so much to explain sex differences, but to account for complex ornaments that seem useless for survival, and therefore inexplicable through natural selection. | | | This sexual selection feedback loop between mate choice, language ability, and creative intelligence was probably the mainspring of human mental evolution. | | | Sexual dimorphism is a distinctive outcome of sexual selection, but sexual selection does not always produce dimorphism. |
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http://www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?12.008
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| | Zoology 500 D |
| | Sexual selection depends on the success of certain individuals over others of the same sex, in relation to the propagation of the species; while natural selection depends on the success of both sexes, at all ages, in relation to the general conditions of life. | | | Malte Andersson's (1994) book entitled Sexual Selection is a fantastic source of information about the theoretical and empirical support for various hypotheses about mate choice. | | | The runaway process will eventually halt when there is no longer genetic variation for further trait or preference exaggeration or when the viability costs of the trait balance sexual selection. |
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http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~otto/PopGen500/Discussion3/Overheads.html
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| | Sexual selection for intelligence-indicators |
| | However, sexual selection theory would still predict sexual dimorphism in the public behavioral manifestations of intelligence, because the reproductive benefits of such displays would always be higher for males than for females given some degree of polygyny. | | | In fact, if sexual selection favored certain psychological adaptations specifically as intelligence-indicators, then those adaptations should be specifically designed to have a high degree of functional overlap with many other psychological adaptations – at least at the genetic, developmental, and neurophysiological levels, if not at the cognitive and behavioral levels. | | | This prediction is implicit in most modern biological research on sexual selection and fluctuating asymmetry (e.g. |
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http://www.unm.edu/~psych/faculty/intelligence.htm
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| | The Great Debate: Sexual Selection |
| | Regardless of these disagreements, the theory of sexual selection, based on the idea of female choice drives the evolution of particular traits, is accepted my most theorists. | | | He suggested that the main evolutionary pressure for human beings to increase in intelligence was competition with other people, in particular, sexual competition between individuals of the same sex. | | | Many theorists have attempted to do just this, but the theory of sexual selection suggests an alternative. |
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http://www.thegreatdebate.org.uk/sexualselection.html
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| | Evolution |
| | Natural selection often works to weed out individuals at both extremes of a range of phenotypes resulting in the reproductive success of those near the mean. | | | The pressures of natural selection can affect the distribution of phenotypes in a population in several ways. | | | For species (such as ourselves) that take care of their young; selection acts to reduce family size (to a point). |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Evolution.html
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| | Amazon.com: Sexual Selection: Books: M. B. Andersson |
| | Sexual Conflict (Monographs in Behavior and Ecology) by Goran Arnqvist | | | The author barely discusses humans, but for anyone interested in how sexual selection has affected our species, get the real story of how sexual selection actually works and then start to think for yourself. | | | The author describes the theory and its recent development; examines models, methods, and empirical tests; and identifies many unsolved problems. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691033447?v=glance
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| | Sexual Selection |
| | The effort required will be considerable, and suitable systems may be difficult to find, but the results should cast important light on the evolutionary origin of many physical and behavioral avian characteristics. | | | Consequently in polyandrous species the female is ordinarily more colorful -- it is her secondary sexual characteristics that are enhanced. | | | Natural selection occurs when some individuals out-reproduce others, and those that have more offspring differ genetically from those that have fewer. |
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http://www.stanfordalumni.org/birdsite/text/essays/Sexual_Selection.html
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| | Edge: SEXUAL SELECTION AND THE MIND |
| | He is a widely respected evolutionary psychologist, whose work (research focusing on evolutionary psychology and sexual selection) is in the tradition of scientists such as Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, and Steven Pinker. | | | He proposes that the human mind's most impressive, baffling abilities are courtship tools, evolved to attract and entertain sexual partners. | | | He is the author of The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped Human Nature. |
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http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/miller
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| | naturalSCIENCE, Volume 1, Article 11, 1999 |
| | An implication of the food-courtship theory is that the selective pressures associated with food preference, habitat choice, courtship behavior, and male coloration will tend to be mutually reinforcing. | | | Darwin likened this process to animal breeders producing fancy-male varieties of pigeons by a process of conscious artificial selection. | | | (3) Huxley, J.S. Darwin's theory of sexual selection and the data subsumed by it in the light of recent research. |
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http://naturalscience.com/ns/articles/01-11/ns_mej.html
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| | Bowerbirds and sexual selection -- Gerald Borgia |
| | Borgia, G. Reproductive behavior: Bowerbirds and sexual displays. | | | Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9: 449-474. | | | The effectiveness of functional explanations in describing shifts in bower structure and decoration provides an important alternative to runaway sexual selection as a cause of interspecific variation in display trait evolution. |
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http://www.life.umd.edu/biology/borgialab
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| | Sex and Sexual Selection |
| | Fitness may not be affected by her preference (if not, why should she have a preference?) | | | Recombination enhances adaptibility of populations to changing environments: Allowing allelic combinations that are adaptive allows faster response to environmental change | | | Inbreeding may result in disadvantageous traits ("inbreeding depression") such as low fecundity, resulting in selection for traits that reduce the opportunity for inbreeding |
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http://www.nyu.edu/projects/fitch/courses/evolution/html/sexual_selection.html
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| | NOVA Online Flying Casanovas Creature Courtship |
| | This kind favors the evolution of secondary sexual characters, such as large size and armaments like horns, that enhance a male's ability to fight. | | | As we'll see, sexual selection is much more intense among males than among females. | | | But for Darwin in the years immediately following the 1859 publication of Origin of Species, in which he laid out his theory of evolution by natural selection, the peacock's resplendent train amounted to an eyesore. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bowerbirds/courtship.html
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| | Evidence for Evolution: An Eclectic Survey |
| | This indicates that a sex ratio of 0.5 is somehow adaptive (there is a lot of theory as to why this may be - I may bore you with it later some time) because the fish evolved from a skewed ratio to a balanced ratio. | | | This can often push the system in such a way that traits with a lower survival value are favored because their sexual attractiveness outweighs their negative survival value. | | | His theory of sexual selection was later expanded upon by Williams and Trivers. |
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http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolution-research.html
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| | Natural Selection: subject gateway to the natural world |
| | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology publishes research material on "quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behaviour". | | | The Lab uses techniques in molecular biology, combined with the methods of behavioural ecology, to increase the "understanding of sexual selection, evolution of mating systems, disease resistance, and gene flow between populations". | | | Topics covered include types of emotion such as joy, embarrassment, anger and fear, and how emotions are expressed in both humans and animals. |
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http://nature.ac.uk/browse/591.5.html
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| | Sexual selection - EvoWiki |
| | There are many genes which control the processes involved in sexual reproduction, and this includes the choosing of partners. | | | Sexual selection can occur against the pressures of natural selection, however. | | | Sexual selection can be, but does not have to be, exclusive of natural selection. |
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http://wiki.cotch.net/index.php/Sexual_selection
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| | Evolution 101: Sexual Selection |
| | Sexual selection acts on an organism's ability to obtain (often by any means necessary!) or successfully copulate with a mate. | | | Sexual selection is a “special case” of natural selection. | | | Sexual selection is often powerful enough to produce features that are harmful to the individual’s survival. |
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http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIIE3Sexualselection.shtml
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| | Sexual Dimorphism, Sexual Selection |
| | Wen, Y.H. Sexual dimorphism and mate choice in Hyalella azteca | | | selection and activity of the color polymorphic isopod Idotea baltica. | | | Knowlton, N. Sexual selection and dimorphism in two demes of a |
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http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/sexdimorphism.html
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| | Main Page - EvoWiki |
| | Altruism -- Aesthetics -- Behavioural genetics -- Environment of evolutionary adaptedness -- Ethology -- Evolutionary Psychology -- Friendship -- Human mating strategies and sexual preferences -- Human universals -- Modular theory of mind -- Neuroscience -- Psychopathology -- Violence |
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http://www.evowiki.org/index.php/Main_Page
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| | Sexual selection bibliography |
| | Crook, J. H., 1972, Sexual selection, dimorphism, and social organization in the primates, in Campbell, B. G., ed., Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man (1871-1971): Chicago, Aldine-Atherton, p. |
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http://www.talkorigins.org/origins/biblio/sexual_selection.html
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