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Topic: Rhodopsin



  
 Photochemistry and Photobiology: Mass spectrometric analysis of porcine rhodopsin
Mass spectrometric analysis of such low quantities of rhodopsin is preferable for analysis coupled to physiological experiments because one eye can be used as a control for the experiment, thus reducing experimental error originating from individual variability.
Studies of the oligosaccharide structures of rhodopsin from cow (9,21,22), frog (10), humans (23) and rat (7,24) have demonstrated that the major oligosaccharide linked to the N-terminal asparagines has the same structure, GlcNAc(Man)^sub 3^(GlcNAc)^sub 2^, where GIcNAc stands for N-acetyl-glycosamine and Man for mannose.
In previous work, it has been shown that 170 to 200 (mu)g of rat rhodopsin or 250 (mu)g of bovine rhodopsin can be processed in a similar way (5,7).
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3931/is_200203/ai_n9064604   (1259 words)

  
 Identification of an Outer Segment Targeting Signal in the COOH Terminus of Rhodopsin Using Transgenic Xenopus laevis ...
Jules, R.S., and O'Brien, P.J. The acylation of rat rhodopsin in vitro and in vivo.
Varying the lengths of the rhodopsin peptides fused to GFP affected the distribution patterns.
of rhodopsin were fused to mGFP (mGFP-CT9) (Fig 7 A).
http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/151/7/1369   (6892 words)

  
 Blue Light's Effects on Rhodopsin: Photoreversal of Bleaching in Living Rat Eyes -- Grimm et al. 41 (12): 3984 -- ...
However, in blue light without NH OH, rhodopsin disappeared slowly, despite irradiation with the same photon fluxes as in the other two conditions.
Each data point represents mean values of one to three independent experiments.
pointed to rhodopsin as the chromophore for light damage,
http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/full/41/12/3984   (4817 words)

  
 How We See: The First Steps of Human Vision
For this and other work on vision he was the recipient of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology.
Numerous studies have been carried out to try to understand what happens after the rhodopsin absorbs light.
As mentioned above, information on the structure of bovine rhodopsin has recently been obtained.
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/vision_background.html   (2916 words)

  
 Rab6 Regulation of Rhodopsin Transport in Drosophila -- Shetty et al. 273 (32): 20425 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
Immunoblot analysis of the transient expression of a HSV-tagged rhodopsin in wild-type, Drab6
HSV epitope expressed from a heat shock promoter.
For the study here, we constructed strains carrying
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/273/32/20425   (4090 words)

  
 The Rhodopsin Cycle
Cyclic Pathway of Rhodopsin and its Relationship to Hyperpolarization of the Rod
By this pathway additional rhodopsin is manufactured to adapt to continuously dark conditions.
Rhodopsin undergoes a cyclic decomposition and reconstitution in response to the presence of light.
http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/curriculum/vm8054/EYE/RHODOPSN.HTM   (793 words)

  
 Biophysical Journal: Suramin affects coupling of rhodopsin to transducin
Rhodopsin is a prototypical GPCR (Helmreich and Hofmann, 1996; Menon et al., 2001; Okada et al., 2001) and the only one for which a crystal structure has been solved (Palczewski et al., 2000).
Biophysical Journal: Suramin affects coupling of rhodopsin to transducin
Based on the homology of class I (rhodopsin-like) GPCRs, a study of the action of suramin on rhodopsin G^sub t^ interactions helps to identify molecular mechanisms by which the drug may affect signaling in related systems.
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200202/ai_n9071850   (1279 words)

  
 The Amino Terminus of the Fourth Cytoplasmic Loop of Rhodopsin Modulates Rhodopsin-Transducin Interaction -- Marin et ...
and/or processing of rhodopsin, a follow-up study examined a series
Conformational Changes in the Phosphorylated C-terminal Domain of Rhodopsin during Rhodopsin Arrestin Interactions
activity of CTr2 approach that of rhodopsin even at a 2:1 (G
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/275/3/1930   (4941 words)

  
 American Society for Photobiology
Light absorption by melanin and hemoglobin and light scattering by melanosomes and collagen fibers are mainly responsible for perceived skin color.
Additional experiments show that both pigments mediate the photophobic response, but that CSRA is more important for this response.
Govorunova EG, Jung KH, Sineshchekov OA, Spudich JL, 2004, Chlamydomonas sensory rhodopsins A and B: cellular content and role in photophobic responses.
http://www.pol-us.net/ASP_Home/newsarchives.html   (13689 words)

  
 The Rhodopsin Content of Human Eyes -- Fulton et al. 40 (8): 1878 -- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
The Rhodopsin Content of Human Eyes -- Fulton et al.
Copyright © 1999 by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
The amount of rhodopsin recovered from human eyes is quite variable.
http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/40/8/1878   (392 words)

  
 Bioreagents.com: Rhodopsin
This peptide is available for use in neutralization and control experiments.
PA1-729 has been successfully used in Western blot procedures.
Vision involves the conversion of light into electrochemical signals that are processed by the retina and subsequently sent to and interpreted by the brain.
http://bioreagents.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/products.detail/CatNbr/PA1-729   (233 words)

  
 [No title]
P.A. Hargrave, "Future Directions for Rhodopsin Structure and Function Studies", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 507-518, 1995.
P.A. Hargrave, H.E. Hamm and K.P. Hofmann, "Interaction of Rhodopsin with the G-protein, Transducin", BioEssays, 15, 43-50, 1993.
Adamus, J.L. Schmied, P.A. Hargrave, A. Arendt and E.J. Moticka, "Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis with Rhodopsin Synthetic Peptides in Lewis Rats", Curr.
http://www.eye.ufl.edu/HARPUB.HTM   (2707 words)

  
 Rhodopsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It is responsible for the monochromatic vision in the dark.
Normalised absorption spectra of human rhodopsin (dashed) and the three photopsins.
Rhodopsin of the rods most strongly absorbs green-blue light and therefore appears reddish-purple, which is why it is also called "visual purple".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodopsin   (351 words)

  
 Howstuffworks "How Vision Works"
Some of the visual fibers go to other parts of the brain to help to control eye movements, response of the pupils and iris, and behavior.
Rhodopsin decomposes when it is exposed to light because light causes a physical change in the 11-cis-retinal portion of the rhodopsin, changing it to all-trans retinal.
Eventually, rhodopsin needs to be re-formed so that the process can recur.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/eye2.htm   (582 words)

  
 INABIS '98 - Development of Human Cell Lines Expressing Human Rhodopsin and Rhodopsin-GFP
Our ultimate goal is to develop a therapeutical tool that can delay the onset and slow down the progression of the disease.
However, the level of expression from the genomic rhodopsin constructs is much reduced related to that from the bovine cDNA construct.
Development of Human Cell Lines Expressing Human Rhodopsin and Rhodopsin-GFP.
http://www.mcmaster.ca/inabis98/ophthalmology/intody0490/two.html   (1140 words)

  
 Structure and function in rhodopsin: Further elucidation of the role of the intradiscal cysteines, Cys-110, -185, and ...
Present address: National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD To whom reprint requests should be
The mutants studied in this work are shown in boxes connected to the intradiscal cysteines.
Mutations at position 125 in transmembrane helix III of rhodopsin affect the structure and signalling of the receptor
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/96/5/1932   (2692 words)

  
 Rhodopsin plays an essential structural role in Drosophila photoreceptor development -- Kumar and Ready 121 (12): 4359 ...
Morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in rhodopsin knockout mice
Rhodopsin plays an essential structural role in Drosophila photoreceptor development
Rhodopsin plays an essential structural role in Drosophila photoreceptor development -- Kumar and Ready 121 (12): 4359 -- Development
http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/121/12/4359   (571 words)

  
 Rhodopsin: Structural Basis of Molecular Physiology -- Menon et al. 81 (4): 1659 -- Physiological Reviews
Structure-activity relationships in the cytoplasmic domain of rhodopsin
Rhodopsin: Structural Basis of Molecular Physiology -- Menon et al.
Genetically engineered animal strains prepared to study rhodopsin biosynthesis, processing, and physiology
http://physrev.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/81/4/1659   (10595 words)

  
 BBSPrints Archive: Future directions for rhodopsin structure and function studies
Future directions for rhodopsin structure and function studies
Since rhodopsin is a member of the family of G-protein-coupled receptors, knowledge of the structure and mechanism of action of rhodopsin suggests by analogy how other members of the receptor family may function.
http://bbsonline.cup.cam.ac.uk/documents/a/00/00/05/49   (608 words)

  
 Rhodopsin: Genetic Music
The protein is associated with cis-retinal, a derivative of Vitamin A. Rhodopsin is responsible for vision under low light conditions.
Similar molecules are found in the light-sensing structures of all animals.
Duplication and modification of the rhodopsin gene seems to be the origin of the three receptor pigments responsible for color vision.
http://www.whozoo.org/mac/Music/rhodopsin.htm   (320 words)

  
 GRK1 - Rhodopsin kinase
In this human in vivo condition without a functional RK and probable lack of phosphorylation and arrestin binding to activated rhodopsin, reduction of photolyzed chromophore and regeneration processes with 11-cis-retinal probably constitute the sole pathway for recovery of rod sensitivity.
Despite extensive analyses of Drosophila phototransduction, the identity and function of the rhodopsin kinase (RK) have been elusive.
In contrast, GRK7 and GRK1 are coexpressed in monkey and human cones, suggesting that coordinate regulation of desensitization by both kinases may occur in primates.
http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/gg/91722.html   (1378 words)

  
 Rhodopsin Transport
It is likely that transport mechanisms are also affected in some of the rhodopsin-based diseases of vertebrates.
The Drosophila mutations affect the process of rhodopsin transport.
Currently, we are using molecular and genetic approaches to define the cellular role of the identified genes.
http://www.nd.edu/~jotousa/labwww/Pages/RhoTransport.html   (120 words)

  
 rhodopsin
When rhodopsin absorbs a photon of light, the molecule absorbs energy and isomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal occurs changing the shape of the retinal from curved to straight.
After 11-cis-retinal changes shape into all-trans-retinal, the new complex of all-trans-retinal and opsin is called Bathorhodopsin.
Rhodopsin also absorbs in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum.
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~basehore/rhodopsin.html   (642 words)

  
 Retina International‘s Scientific Newsletter - Rhodopsin
Kaushal,S., Ridge,K.D., and Khorana,H.G. Structure and function in rhodopsin: the role of asparagine- linked glycosylation.
Dryja,T.P., Hahn,L.B., Cowley,G.S., McGee,T.L., and Berson,E.L. Mutation spectrum of the rhodopsin gene among patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
Sparkes,R.S., Klisak,I., Kaufman,D., Mohandas,T., Tobin,A.J., and McGinnis,J.F. Assignment of the rhodopsin gene to human chromosome three, region 3q21-3q24 by in situ hybridization studies.
http://www.retina-international.org/sci-news/rho.htm   (260 words)

  
 Molecular Dynamics Study of Rhodopsin
The change of the chromophore structure upon cis-trans photoisomerization triggers the transition of the receptor into the active form which activates the G-protein transducin.
After isomerization, the system was simulated for 10 nanoseconds in order to explore the effect of isomerization on the structure and dynamics of rhodopsin
For this purpose a model of bovine rhodopsin based on the crystal structure determined by Palczewski el al.
http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/rhodopsin   (364 words)

  
 CIS-TRANS ISOMERS OF VITAMIN A AND RETINENE IN THE RHODOPSIN SYSTEM -- Hubbard and Wald 36 (2): 269 -- The Journal of ...
that rhodopsin may represent a halochromic complex of a retinyl
A isomerizes in the body, it is probable that any geometrical
CIS-TRANS ISOMERS OF VITAMIN A AND RETINENE IN THE RHODOPSIN SYSTEM -- Hubbard and Wald 36 (2): 269 -- The Journal of General Physiology
http://www.jgp.org/cgi/content/abstract/36/2/269   (656 words)

  
 Visualizing Individual Rhodopsin (a G Protein-Coupled Receptor) Molecules in Native Disk and Reconstituted Membranes ...
Since the coupling of rhodopsin and G proteins is an essential step in visual transduction, the results from this study could provide further insight into the structural relationship of rhodopsin to its function in vision and may have applications in nanotechnology.
Individual rhodopsin molecules have been resolved with atomic force microscopy as both monomers and various oligomeric organizations that are sensitively dependent upon the physical state of membranes and environmental conditions.
In reconstituted rhodopsin-DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, di16:0-PC) membranes, phase separation of lipid and rhodopsin results in paracrystalline arrays of rhodopsin molecules.
http://www.nsti.org/BioNano2004/showabstract.html?absno=472   (179 words)

  
 Reiner Vogel: Rhodopsin as a G Protein-Coupled Receptor
We are further studying structure and function of rhodopsin by using rhodopsin mutants, which is done in collaboration with
and his structural biology group at the MRC in Cambridge, UK, who are studying rhodopsin by electron and X-ray crystallography to obtain crystal structures of the dark state of rhodopsin as well as of its photoproduct states.
Up to now, rhodopsin is the only receptor of this family, of which a crystal structure of the inactive state is available.
http://www.biophysik.uni-freiburg.de/Reiner/main.html   (1089 words)

  
 Rhodopsin Kinase 1a antibody [G8] (ab2775) datasheet
Rhodopsin kinase is a G-protein-coupled Ser/Thr kinase, also known as GRK1, which is a key element in the regulation of this cascade.
Customer reviews (feedback) regarding Rhodopsin Kinase 1a antibody [G8]
But please do contact us if you would like any reassurance!
http://www.abcam.com/?datasheet=2775   (511 words)

  
 The terminal 5 amino acids of rhodopsin form part or all of an outer segment sorting/retention signal in transgenic ...
Mutations found in the C-terminal tail of human rhodopsin (Q344ter, P347L, P347S) cause delocalization of rhodopsin and are linked to inherited retinal degenerations (4,5).
We also fused an analogous region of a related protein, a2A adrenergic receptor (AAR), to contrast with the results of the rhodopsin fusions.
Understanding the mechanism of rhodopsin transport and its constraint to the outer segment may give us insights into the causes of retinal degeneration.
http://www.uchc.edu/dsp/Large_Font/LFbea.html   (1030 words)

  
 Time-Resolved Rhodopsin Activation Currents in a Unicellular Expression System -- Sullivan and Shukla 77 (3): 1333 -- ...
applied to rhodopsin to study the role particular amino acids
Time-Resolved Rhodopsin Activation Currents in a Unicellular Expression System -- Sullivan and Shukla 77 (3): 1333 -- Biophysical Journal
Time-Resolved Rhodopsin Activation Currents in a Unicellular Expression System
http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/3/1333   (314 words)

  
 Rhodopsin Biosynthesis and Transport
We are studying how the cell forms these vesicles and transports them only toward the outer segment and not to the other end of the cell.
Rhodopsin is the major protein of the rod outer segment (ROS), a cellular domain which captures light and initiates the visual response.
Using the XOP-GFP or XOP-GFP-CT constructs, the GFP is localized to the rod inner segment (IS), nucleus and synapse.
http://www.uchc.edu/dsp/rho1.html   (384 words)

  
 rhodopsin --  Encyclopædia Britannica
Visual purple, or rhodopsin, is a chromoprotein, a protein, opsin, with an attached chromatophore (“pigment-bearing”) molecule that gives it its colour—i.e., that allows it to absorb light in the visible part of the spectrum.
In the absence of such a chromatophore, the protein would only absorb in the ultraviolet and so would appear colourless to the eye.
When exposed to bright light, visual purple undergoes a chemical change in which it loses its color.
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9063465?tocId=9063465   (442 words)

  
 The Mosby Medical Encyclopedia: rhodopsin@ HighBeam Research
Short times of darkness allow the opsin and the retinal to remake the rhodopsin.
Rhodopsin gives the outer parts of the rods a purple color and adapts the eye to low density light.
http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28739491&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf   (142 words)

  
 CodingForums.com - View Profile: rhodopsin
rhodopsin is not a member of any public groups
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http://www.codingforums.com/member.php?userid=16462   (51 words)

  
 Rhodopsin Photography
Photographs taken by Richard Robotham (unless otherwise stated) CRB Disclosure Issued 24th May 2005 (copies issued upon request)
Photographs marked "© Rhodopsin 2005" are copyright to Richard Robotham.
Permission should be requested for the use of all photos on this website.
http://www.rhodopsin.co.uk   (52 words)

  
 MSC Papers and Supplementary Material
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, First principles predictions of the structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors: Validation for bovine rhodopsin
http://www.wag.caltech.edu/publications/papers   (10669 words)

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