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 | | The caudate and putamen are tightly interlinked and in some respects are indistinguishable and possess a similar internal compartmental structure of patches and matrix (Graybiel 1986; Gerfen, 1984). | | | When coupled with the symptoms and experiments describes below, it is suspected that the putamen is concerned with integrating sensory with intended motor actions and coordinating the movement of the limbs and body in visual space via projections maintained with the medial and lateral globus pallidus as well as the parietal lobe. | | | This syndrome is also associated with widespread neuronal loss in the caudate, putamen, brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum, and atrophy in the GP (see Vonsattel, et al. |
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http://brainmind.com/Putamen.html
(3205 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The indirect pathway: Originates in the putamen and then passes to the external globus pallidus and then to the subthalamic nucleus. | | | The Two Pathways: Figure 43-3 There are two parallel pathways by which the putamen speaks to the globus pallidus and can thereby affect the VA and VL thalamus. | | | One thing to remember about the basal ganglia that will make this whole pathway much more understandable is what goes into the basal ganglia goes in through the putamen and the caudate and is mediated by dopaminergic neurotransmission. |
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http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/ps/2004/Academic/first_year/neuro/ns26.doc
(1800 words)
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| | Team projects on www for Biological Basis of Behavior - 2001 |
| | The putamen is continuous with the caudate nucleus and lies medial to the insula -- bounded laterally by the fibers of the external capsule and medially by the globus pallidus. | | | This tissue is taken from the substantia nigra of aborted human fetus and implanted into the caudate nucleus and putamen by means of stereotaxically guided needles. | | | In the 1990's neurosurgeons began experimenting with pallidotomies, first with animals then with humans. |
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http://www.humboldt.edu/~morgan/sub_s01.htm
(4743 words)
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| | Pathophysiology |
| | The putamen of the basal ganglia affects motor output by two pathways, the direct pathway and the indirect pathway. | | | Since both the direct and the indirect pathway from the basal ganglia originate in the putamen, overactivity of the putamen in general would cause overactivity of both of these pathways. | | | Possible overactivity of the indirect pathway would cause an increase in reflex response through another pathway involving the pedunculopontine nucleus, resulting in rigidity sometimes seen in patients with dystonia. |
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http://www.davidson.edu/academic/psychology/ramirezsite/neuroscience/psy324/stcourchesne/pathophysiology.html
(1662 words)
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| | McLean Hospital News & Information : Press Releases |
| | Further, the researchers found, the more objectively hyperactive or inattentive the children were, the greater was their impairment in blood flow to the putamen. | | | "This study supports other research that points to the putamen as an important region of the brain involved in ADHD, and that diminished blood flow in the putamen may be another way to objectively diagnose ADHD," said Teicher. | | | Using their new fMRI technique, Teicher and his colleagues identified one area of the brain—the putamen—to which ADHD symptoms may be closely tied. |
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http://www.mclean.harvard.edu/PublicAffairs/20000328_adhdnews.htm
(678 words)
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| | Team projects on www for Biological Basis of Behavior - 1999 |
| | It is a lesion to the caudate nucleus, the putamen, or the globus pallidus (collectively refereed to as the basal ganglia) that is responsible for a variety of somewhat rare environmental and genetic disorders. | | | The putamen and caudate nucleus have a reciprocal relationship with the cerebral cortex, which mediates habits. | | | Dorsomedial lesions of the putamen produce individuals that do not integrate cognitive information with stimulus-response tendencies as well as individuals with no dorsomedial putamen lesions. |
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http://www.humboldt.edu/~morgan/mot2_f99.htm
(4052 words)
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| | HHMI News: Gene Therapy Restores Feeding Behavior to Starving Mice |
| | Restoration of dopamine production in the caudate putamen also rejuvenated nest-building behavior. | | | Brot points out that “restoration of feeding by viral treatment of the caudate putamen provides a unique model for investigating the role of dopamine in other brain regions, such as its functions in the nucleus accumbens in mediating reward, and its role in the hippocampus in learning and memory.” | | | Since the treated mice resumed nest-building, we suspect that other motivated behaviors may also be rescued by treatment.” |
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http://www.hhmi.org/news/palmiter.html
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| | putamen |
| | Ultrastructure of aberrant serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in the caudate putamen complex of the aged rat. | | | Aging and caloric restriction in nonhuman primates: behavioral and in vivo brain imaging studies. | | | Human striatum: chemoarchitecture of the caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral striatum in health and Alzheimer's disease. |
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http://www.arclab.org/node_pages/2494.html
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| | LIEBERMAN PARKINSON CLINIC - Parkinson Research: GDNF |
| | We provide the first neuropathological evidence that infusion of GDNF into the posterior putamen causes similar sprouting of dopaminergic fibers in association with clinical improvement in idiopathic Parkinson disease in humans. | | | The findings were reported in Nature Medicine following an autopsy on a Parkinson's patient's brain, who had receiving the drug but died of an unrelated heart attack. | | | Medication-induced dyskinesias were reduced by 64% and were not observed off medication during chronic GDNF delivery. |
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http://www.liebermanparkinsonclinic.com/content/view/246/0
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| | Pilot Study on the Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Brain Dopamine Transporter Availability in Healthy, ... |
| | Tc]TRODAT-1-binding in the Left Anterior Putamen in Postmenopausal Study Subjects at Baseline and After 4 and 6 Weeks of Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) With 2 Weeks of MPA | | | Tc]TRODAT-1-binding in the Right Anterior Putamen in Postmenopausal Study Subjects Before and After 4 and 6 Weeks of Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) With 2 Weeks of MPA | | | in the left posterior putamen correlated inversely with changes |
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http://ajgponline.org/cgi/content/full/12/6/621
(3265 words)
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| | Study points to more targeted use of Ritalin |
| | "This study points to the putamen as an important region of the brain involved in ADHD," says Martin Teicher, associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. | | | When doctors gave the drug Ritalin to six of 11 of the boys in the study, blood flow into the putamen increased significantly. | | | The finding also suggests that Ritalin may not be effective in treating ADHD. |
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http://www.researchmatters.harvard.edu/story.php?article_id=8
(281 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The dissected porcine tissue is aspirated into the stereotactic needle. | | | The transplant needle is placed into the "zero point" on the grid array and directed to the "zero point" of the putamen. | | | The implantation site (using the post commissural putamen as an example) is visualized with MRI using a fast-spin |
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http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_1999_Groups/Neurotransplant_Team/Procedure/Procedure.html
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| | [No title] |
| | To facilitate your understanding of the C-shaped structures, try to follow their course again in the posters or in the atlas. | | | subthalam Subthalamic nucleus Key: Substantia nigra=pink Subthalamic nucleus=yellow Thalamus and hypothalamus=brown Exercise during laboratory: 1) Figure out the relative locations of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and nucleus accumbens. | | | Identify the nucleus accumbens ventral and medial to the caudate nucleus and putamen. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/neuralsci/2003/lab/Lab11_BasalGanglia/NAlab11_BasalGanglia.doc
(1803 words)
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| | Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum |
| | The relationships between the nuclei of the basal ganglia are by no means completely understood. | | | The anatomy of these structures should be a review from the "coronal and horizontal sections" lab. | | | A related disorder is hemiballismus, flailing movements of one arm and leg, which is caused by damage (i.e., stroke) of the subthalamic nucleus. |
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http://thalamus.wustl.edu/course/cerebell.html
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| | Notes on the Basal Ganglia |
| | The putamen is largely associated with movement in general and the caudate nucleus with eye movements and cognitive functions. | | | Striatum (neostriatum) = caudate nucleus + putamen (common embryology and similar connections and identical histology, a functional term; anterior part of putamen fuses with the head of the caudate above the orbital surface of the frontal lobe) | | | These projections are also topographically organized so that each part of the striatum projects to circumscribed parts of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. |
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http://www2.umdnj.edu/~paneuweb/basgang.htm
(833 words)
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| | Exam 2 |
| | putamen and caudate nucleus Which of the following is an efferent pathway from the globus pallidus? | | | D. Thalamostriate pathway projects mainly to the putamen E. None of the above are incorrect. | | | C. Medial medullary lamina- fibers that separate the putamen from the globus Pall. |
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http://www.csus.edu/org/nrg/carter/course/bio123/exam/123exam3.htm
(226 words)
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| | Experimental Results |
| | The deformation associated with a negative modal amplitude, illustrated in Figure | | | Next: Experiments with Ventricular Up: Experiments with Schizophrenia Previous: Application of Our | | | These deformations are easier to see than those of the first mode. |
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http://splweb.bwh.harvard.edu:8000/pages/papers/martin_thesis/node40.html
(224 words)
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| | Case 242 --Neuropathology Case |
| | Microscopic examination showed acute hemorrhage and necrosis of the lateral putamen. | | | Smaller areas of hemorrhage were noted in the lateral and posterior aspects of the putamen. | | | Case 242 -- Two Patients with Putamen and White Matter Necrosis and Hemorrhage |
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http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case242.html
(424 words)
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| | ICP monitors |
| | • The head of the caudate and the putamen are fused along the ventromedial aspect of the caudate, indicating their common origin. | | | • The thalamus is the most important source of subcortical afferents to the caudate nucleus and putamen. | | | • Caudate and putamen project to medial and lateral GP and to SN. |
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http://www.ucsf.edu/nreview/02.1-Anatomy-Brain&SC/BasalGanglia.html
(754 words)
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| | Final Diagnosis -- Case 242 |
| | The earliest autopsy studies on methanol poisoning have emphasized the acute changes secondary to hypoxic/ischemic injury to the gray matter, namely, cerebral edema and acute neuronal injury(10, 14) (see also review(12)). | | | If the patient survives the acute phase of the illness, resorption of the infarcted hemorrhagic putamen tissue occurs with the formation of cystic cavities within the nucleus(9, 11); some of these patients exhibit a Parkinsonian syndrome(8, 9, 13). | | | Post-mortem studies of affected individuals who survive intoxication a period of several days or weeks have shown a distinctive pattern of brain injury characterized by bilateral putamen necrosis, particularly affecting the lateral portions of the nuclei(1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 17). |
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http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case242/dx.html
(783 words)
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| | Trophic Factors, Fetal Transplants in PD |
| | During life, the patient had a 38% improvement in UPDRS off-medication motor score, and increased fluorodopa uptake of 91% in the posterior putamen and 18% in the putamen as a whole on the side of infusion, versus a 7.4% loss on the non-infused side. | | | In Patient 2, who was also implanted with cells into the nigra, off-medication UPDRS score fell from 155 to 84, and dyskinesia score from 23 to 2. | | | The patient died 4 years, 4 months after transplant from unrelated causes. |
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http://www.mdvu.org/emove/article.asp?ID=838
(818 words)
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| | Psychiatric Times |
| | An inverse index of regional cerebral blood flow, T2 relaxometry (an fMRI procedure), was used to indirectly assess blood volume in the striatum (caudate and putamen) of boys ages 6 to 12 in steady-state conditions (Teicher et al., 2000). | | | Daily treatment with methylphenidate significantly changed T2 relaxation times in the putamen of boys with ADHD, although the magnitude and direction of the effect was strongly dependent on unmedicated baseline activity. | | | Boys with ADHD had higher T2 relaxation times bilaterally in the putamen than controls. |
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http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/p040842.html
(2711 words)
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| | 3-Methoxytyramine in the Putamen as a Gauge of the Postmortem Interval |
| | In view of the considerable variability inherent in these techniques, an additional marker with greater accuracy would be a welcome supplement to these indices. | | | The change of 3-MT in the putamen is linearly related to the PMI (range: 5.5 to 60 h), irrespective of patient age (1 to 84 years). | | | We have developed a method of estimating PMI from the level of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) in the dorsal putamen of the brain. |
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http://www.astm.org/JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/867.htm
(354 words)
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| | An Example |
| | While these studies treated just volumetric changes, we seek to explore other pathological deformations in addition to just volume. | | | However, since a person with a larger head will tend to have larger putamen, even if healthy he or she may be misclassified as schizophrenic. | | | To demonstrate our method, we examine deformations in the shape of the left putamen caused by schizophrenia, and deformations in the shape of the cerebral ventricles caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and by normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). |
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http://splweb.bwh.harvard.edu:8000/pages/papers/martin_thesis/node7.html
(387 words)
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| | Neuroscience-Net-Pharmacology Section |
| | Figure 3: Click here to view larger image. | | | Although the present data do not allow us to determine the degree of intraneuronal colocalization of dopamine receptors and the dopamine transporter, they suggest that the caudate nucleus, putamen, and the nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle should be closely examined for such interactions and their relevance to the effects of cocaine. | | | Numbers in both panels correspond to brain regions as follows: 1, anterior caudate nucleus; 2, anterior putamen; 3, nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle; 4, substantia nigra/ventral tegmentum; 5, amygdala; 6, hypothalamus; 7, medial thalamus; 8, internal segment of globus pallidus; 9, hippocampus; 10, thalamus; 11, external segment of globus pallidus; 12, claustrum. |
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http://www.neuroscience.com/mjk0696/htm/main.html
(7584 words)
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| | Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Putamen |
| | The putamen is a structure in the middle of the brain, forming the striatum together with the caudate nucleus. | | | The putamen is a portion of the basal ganglia that forms the outermost part of the lenticular nucleus. | | | Putamen is also a botanical term for the stone in a fruit such as a peach. |
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http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Putamen
(148 words)
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| | Putamen definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms |
| | Putamen: An area in the brain within a structure called the lentiform nucleus. | | | Putamen definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms | | | The putamen may decrease in size as a result of damage in Huntington's disease. |
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http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11935
(168 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Which is an example of the feedback system in the basal ganglia. | | | Each of the following is true in regard to the basal ganglia except. | | | A. The major input to the caudate and putamen is the cerebral cortex sensory regions |
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http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/anderson/mcbasgl.html
(1086 words)
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| | Dose-response effects of salvinorin A on basal dopamine levels in the caudate putamen of C57BL/6J mice |
| | Thus, effects of salvinorin A on basal dopamine levels in the caudate putamen were studied. | | | Synthetic kappa-opioid agonists have been found to decrease dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen in rodents. | | | After 4 days recovery, a dialysis probe was lowered into the caudate putamen and the mouse was placed in an individual microdialysis chamber. |
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http://www.sagewisdom.org/zhangetal.html
(258 words)
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| | Brain Explorer - putamen |
| | The putamen, together with the caudate nucleus and the globus pallidus, form the basal nuclei. | | | It is involved in sensorimotor integration and motor control. |
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http://www.brainexplorer.org/glossary/putamen.shtml
(24 words)
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| | BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS |
| | Motor control in the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) is thought to involve a balance between inhibitory dopaminergic (D | | | A form of MAO, known as MAO-B, is the most common form of MAO in the striatum. | | | The site of greatest acetylcholine synthesis in the brain is the interpeduncular nucleus (located near the substantia nigra in the midbrain). |
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http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd10.html
(6622 words)
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