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| | NIH Guide: PROTEASE INHIBITOR RELATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HIV INFECTION |
 | | Combinations of various protease inhibitors with nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors usually have synergistic effects and are used effectively in clinical practice. | | | Proposed Research The known information on the dyslipidemias and lipodystrophy associated with protease inhibitor therapy for HIV-positive patients is derived from clinical observations. | | | Four protease inhibitors are currently in use: saquinavir mesylate, ritonavir, indinavir sulfate and nelfinavir. |
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http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HL-00-007.html
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| | AEGiS-GMHC: Protease Inhibitors: Overview and Analysis |
| | Protease inhibitors are the one class of new, promising anti- HIV therapies likely to be available in the near future. | | | Resistance to protease inhibitors may be slower to develop and at a lower level than for reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | | | Protease inhibitors will be unavailable for the foreseeable future to those who wish to avoid the toxicities of AZT and similar medications. |
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http://www.aegis.com/pubs/gmhc/1994/gm080201.html
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| | Searching for protease substrates |
| | Proteases clearly do a lot more than digest your meals; they act on substrates that are fundamental to a raft of physiological processes, from ovulation to programmed cell death or apoptosis. | | | Borrowing and building on techniques from the plethora of genome-sequencing initiatives, and consequent efforts to map all the proteins,'degradomics' is the application of techniques used to unravel the genome and identify all the proteases and their substrates. | | | However, despite major advances in our understanding of proteases, their substrates and biological functions are not fully understood. |
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http://www.nature.com/horizon/proteases/background/searching.htm
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| | Simple FactSheet: Protease Inhibitors |
| | Protease inhibitors can affect the absorption of other drugs by the body. | | | For anyone with HIV, a thorough medical check-up is a good idea before starting protease inhibitor treatment. | | | Your health care provider should go over any potential drug interactions with you when starting a protease inhibitor. |
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http://www.aegis.com/factshts/network/simple/protease.html
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| | Full Text - Potential application of protease isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PD100 |
| | Capability of the protease to digest different natural substrates with base of fibrin, albumin and collagen suggesting usefulness of this enzyme for different applications such as extraction of collagen from skin for collagen replacement therapy, waste treatment and other related applications. | | | With respect to the results from this experiment, it was found that the protease of P. | | | The skin was checked for removal of hair at different incubation times. |
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http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/content/vol8/issue2/full/5
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| | The Body: Protease Inhibitors |
| | This information will change as protease inhibitors are used by more people with HIV infection and as more is learned about how they work. | | | Should protease inhibitors be combined with other drugs? | | | Doctors are advised to combine nonnucleosides and protease inhibitors with caution until there is more specific information on how they affect each other. |
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http://www.thebody.com/iapac/sep97proinbk.html
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| | The HCMV Protease Project |
| | There are large conformational changes in the protease upon inhibitor binding (induced-fit behavior). | | | Investigating the role of histidine157 in the catalytic activity of human cytomegalovirus protease. | | | A rational approach towards successful crystallization and crystal treatment of human cytomegalovirus protease and its inhibitor complex. |
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http://como.bio.columbia.edu/tong/Research/hcmv.html
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| | HIV Protease Inhibitor |
| | Protease inhibitors are a new class of drugs that works by blocking the HIV protease. | | | These protease inhibitors seem to be less toxic and seem to have less severe side affects than other anti-AIDS drugs (nucleoside analogs like AZT) Saquinavir, ritonavir, and | | | One problem with the drug was that it had limited oral bioavailability (did not absorb into the body well). |
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http://cat.middlebury.edu/~chem/chemistry/students/kim/inhibitor.html
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| | HIV Protease inhibitors |
| | Protease inhibitors used in combination with reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors represent the most effective anti-HIV therapies developed to date. | | | Four protease inhibitors, saquivanir (Invirase®, Hoffman-LaRoche), ritonavir (Norvir®, Abbott), indinavir (Crixivan®, Merck) and nelfinavir (Viracept®,Agouron) have already been approved and several others are in the late stagesof clinical development. | | | Low bioavailability(~ 4%) due to poor absorption and extensive first pass metabolism limitstheuse of saquinavir in potent triple combination therapies (Ohta, Y.et al 1997). |
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http://www.arches.uga.edu/~ketona/bcmb8010/inhibitors.html
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| | Protease inhibitors |
| | In most cases, protease inhibitors are part of a combination therapy, used in conjunction with other classes of HIV drugs. | | | Protease inhibitors are considered one of the most potent medications for HIV developed so far. | | | These drugs do not necessarily reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to others through sexual contact, so patients should avoid sexual activities or use condoms. |
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http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/protease_inhibitors.jsp
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| | Protease Platform - Novartis.com |
| | Several protease inhibitors are already available as drugs. | | | To this end, all activities focussing on the molecular aspects of protease-directed drug discovery are integrated in the Expertise Program. | | | The availability of the necessary skills in the Expertise Program allows us to remain highly innovative and competitive in protease-directed drug discovery. |
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http://www.nibr.novartis.com/ExpertisePlatforms/ProteasePlatform/index.shtml
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| | HCV Protease Inhibitors: Glimpses of Hope on a Distant Horizon |
| | But despite considerable research on HCV PIs over the past decade, it will require at least several more years before an HCV protease inhibitor will win FDA approval and reach the market. Only two HCV protease inhibitors are currently in human studies, and both are at the very earliest stage of clinical research. | | | The issue of whether patients and clinicians should base current treatment decisions on the future prospect of improved therapies is a critical one in the current clinical management of hepatitis C. | | | While it certainly is reasonable to offer patients the anticipation of future treatment opportunities, hope is not a particularly effective method of viral eradication.” |
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http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/hep_c/news/2004/063004_a.html
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| | Protease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The natural protease inhibitors are not to be confused with the protease inhibitors used in antiretroviral therapy. | | | This may be an important method of regulation of peptidase activity. | | | Thus, protease inhibitors are developed as antiviral means. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease
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| | HIV Protease 3D Structures Index |
| | Viability of a drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease variant: structural insights for better antiviral therapy. | | | The application of structure-based drug design to members of the aspartic proteinase family. | | | The HIV Drug Resistance Database at LANL and the HIV Drug Resistance Database at Stanford are both sources of information on sites in the protease and reverse transcriptase proteins which mutate to create drug resistance in the virus. |
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http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/STRUCTURE/PROTEASE.HTML
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| | Nature's Sunshine Products Protease Plus Capsules |
| | Studies show that protease helps keep the intestines protected from parasites and other organisms that may weaken the intestinal system. | | | These have been linked to a variety of unsavory health concerns. | | | At the same time, malabsorption of nutrients and chronic health conditions increase. |
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http://www.greatestherbsonearth.com/nsp/proteaseplus.htm
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| | Protease inhibitor (pharmacology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Protease inhibitors were the second class of antiretroviral drugs developed. | | | Protease inhibitors (PIs) are a class of medication used to treat or prevent infection by viruses, including HIV and Hepatitis C. | | | Protease inhibitors have been developed or are presently undergoing testing for treating various viruses: |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease_inhibitor_(pharmacology)
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| | Introduction |
| | Another pathway consists in the compartmentation of proteases e.g in lysosomes. | | | This family includes the plant proteases such as papain, actinidin or bromelain, several mammalian lysosomal cathepsins, the cytosolic calpains (calcium-activated) as well as several parasitic proteases (e.g Trypanosoma, Schistosoma). | | | The pepsin family includes digestive enzymes such as pepsin and chymosin as well as lysosomal cathepsins D and processing enzymes such as renin, and certain fungal proteases (penicillopepsin, rhizopuspepsin, endothiapepsin). |
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http://delphi.phys.univ-tours.fr/Prolysis/introprotease.html
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| | Protease Inhibitor Letter DIABETES AND HYPERGLYCEMIA |
| | At the present time there exists no conclusive evidence establishing a definite causal relationship between protease inhibitor therapy and the incidence of diabetes and hyperglycemia. | | | Hyperglycemia persisted in some patients after protease inhibitor therapy was withdrawn including patients not known to be diabetic at baseline; however a causal relationship between protease inhibitor therapy and these events has not been established. | | | Many of these reports occurred in patients with confounding medical conditions, some of which required therapy with agents that have been associated with the development of diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia. |
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http://www.fda.gov/oashi/aids/prolet.html
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| | PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN DEVELOPMENT |
| | Several firms are trying to develop a new type of protease inhibitor that will not be cross-resistant with existing drugs. | | | These drugs have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use against HIV. | | | Protease inhibitors being tested in humans include Brecanavir (GW640385), Darunavir (TMC114), and PPL-100. |
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http://www.aids.org/factSheets/440-Protease-Inhibitors-in-Development.html
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| | Halt Protease Inhibitor Cocktail |
| | Inhibit a variety of proteases using Halt Protease Inhibitor Cocktails. | | | SDS-PAGE analysis of the inhibition of protease activity using Halt Protease Inhibitor Cocktails. | | | Lane 2 shows BSA digestion in the presence of Halt Protease Inhibitor Cocktail. |
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http://www.piercenet.com/Products/Browse.cfm?fldID=02040806
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| | NEJM -- HIV-Protease Inhibitors |
| | OLIVÉ, A., SALAVERT, A., MANRÍQUEZ, M., CLOTET, B., MORAGAS, A. Parotid lipomatosis in HIV positive patients: a new clinical disorder associated with protease inhibitors. | | | Substitution of Nevirapine, Efavirenz, or Abacavir for Protease Inhibitors in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. | | | Lee, E. C., Walmsley, S., Fantus, I. New-onset diabetes mellitus associated with protease inhibitor therapy in an HIV-positive patient: case report and review. |
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http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/338/18/1281?ck=nck
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| | BioAfrica - HIV-1 Protease (PR) sequence, structure and function information |
| | 5 - Crystal structure of a retroviral protease proves relationship to aspartic protease family. | | | 6 - Three-dimensional structure of aspartyl protease from human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1. | | | a database of the structures of human immunodeficiency virus protease. |
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http://www.bioafrica.net/proteomics/POL-PRprot.html
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| | Greenwood Health Systems ... Protease |
| | Commercially, proteases are produced in highly controlled aseptic conditions for food supplementation and systemic enzyme therapy. | | | Protease refers to a group of enzymes whose catalytic function is to hydrolyze (breakdown) peptide bonds of proteins. | | | Protease helps in the healing and recovery from cancer by dissolving the fibrin coating on cancer cells, and thereby giving your immune system a chance to do its job. |
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http://greenwoodhealth.net/np/protease.htm
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| | Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in Patients Receiving Protease Inhibitors |
| | Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in Patients Receiving Protease Inhibitors | | | The benefits of protease inhibitors for patients with HIV infection are still believed to outweight their risks. | | | Patients should always discuss with their physician the risks and benefits before discontinuing or initiating protease inhibitor therapy. |
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http://www.fda.gov/cder/news/proteaseqa.htm
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| | International Protease Network |
| | International researchers are studying proteases, their receptors and inhibitors to better understand the biology of life and the treatment of diseases. | | | They are important in conception and birth, life, ageing, and death of all organisms. | | | Proteases are enzymes that account for about 2% of the human genome, and 1-5% of genomes of infectious organisms. |
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http://www.protease.net
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| | JCE 1996 (73) 63 [Jan] HIV-1 Protease: An Enzyme at Work |
| | HIV-1 Protease: An Enzyme at Work is a set of materials designed to help instructors explain enzymatic processes through the example of HIV-1 protease. | | | One can then extend the protease example to a generalized picture of enzymatic processes. | | | A potential treatment for HIV focuses on the enzyme known as HIV-1 protease, which is essential for the maturation of new virus particles. |
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http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/Journal/Issues/1996/Jan/abs63.html
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| | Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease |
| | This is related to the fact that the native structure of the protease is stabilized mainly by electrostatic interactions, and not by hydrogen bonding and ß-structures. | | | With immobilized proteases, no quenching is necessary and there are no problems with protease contamination of the sample or autodigestion of the protease. | | | The protease is further specific for only glutamic digestion in buffers which do not contain phosphate at either pH optimum. |
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http://www.piercenet.com/Products/Browse.cfm?fldID=02040708&Format=Print
(391 words)
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| | HIV Infection: Protease and Protease Inhibitors |
| | Mutations enable HIV to avoid treatments that involve only one drug, so there is growing use of multiple-drug therapies in which both a protease inhibitor AND a reverse transcript inhibitor are combined. | | | Viral protease cuts the long chain into its individual enzyme components which then facilitate the production of new viruses. | | | By blocking the ability of the protease to cleave the viral polypeptide into functional enzymes, protease inhibitors interfere with continued infection. |
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http://www.cellsalive.com/hiv4.htm
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| | HIV Protease |
| | The Structure of HIV Protease and the Design of Inhibitors | | | Inhibitors of HIV Protease: An Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry | | | Hybridization Does Not Predict the Structure of a Piece of HIV Protease |
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http://www.chem.wisc.edu/~newtrad/CurrRef/AIDStopic/AIDStext/AIDStoc.html
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| | FISH guide - protease pretreatment |
| | Trypsin treatment proved too extensive, and the only acceptable slide was the one without exposure to the protease. | | | A few hybridization tests were done in which slides were first aged and denatured and only afterwards subjected to enzymatic pretreatment. | | | For example, in our laboratory, fibroblasts or tumor cells required less pepsin pretreatment than lymphocytes. |
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http://info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/fi03.html
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| | TEV NIa protease homepage |
| | Polypeptides that are not natural substrates of TEV protease are proteolyzed if they carry the appropriate cleavage site. | | | Because of its specificity it is often used to remove tags such as 6His tags after protein purification. | | | There are many potential uses for TDP in vivo for example controlled inactivation of essential proteins and topological studies of integral membrane proteins, among others. |
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http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/ehrmann/tools/TEVprot.html
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| | Cholesterol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The cleaved SREBP then migrates to the nucleus and acts as a transcription factor to bind to the SRE (Sterol regulatory element) of a number of genes to stimulate their transcription. | | | When cholesterol levels fall, Insig-1 dissociates from the SREBP-SCAP complex, allowing the complex to migrate to the Golgi apparatus, where SREBP is cleaved by S1P and S2P (site 1/2 protease), two enzymes that are activated by SCAP when cholesterol levels are low. | | | In the presence of cholesterol, SREBP is bound to two other proteins: SCAP (SREBP-cleavage activating protein) and Insig-1. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol
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| | The Body: Protease Inhibitors |
| | Pharmacist James D. Scott explains how protease inhibitors work, and how they might interact with other HIV meds | | | New HIV Protease Inhibitors: New Options in the PI Class for Treatment-Naive Persons (Spring 2004) | | | HIV 101: Antiretroviral Agents Dosing and Administration Recommendations: PIs (January 2002) |
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http://www.thebody.com/treat/protinh.html
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