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| | Lambda phage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | This is referred to as the "lysogenic pathway. | | | Once the phage is inside its host, it may integrate itself into the host's DNA. | | | The DNA of the prophage that is expressed in that state codes for proteins that look out for signs of stress in the host cell. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_phage
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| | Vibrio cholerae O139 in Calcutta, 1992-1998: Incidence, Antibiograms, and Genotypes |
| | There is no HindIII restriction site in the CTX prophage of El Tor and classical strains (23), while AvaI, BglII and BglI have only one site within the CTX prophage (23). | | | Molecular studies show continuous change in the structure and organization of CTX prophage during the study period, along with evolution of a new type of CTX prophage. | | | Since the multidrug-resistance plasmid is self-transmissible by conjugation, the incidence of plasmid-carrying strains and hence drug resistance may change, depending on the presence of these plasmids in O139 strains. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no2/basu.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Versus Drug Selection The recBC sbcBC strain was used as a mono-lysogen and a non-lysogen to compare the efficiencies of anti-R prophage versus drug selection. | | | (cIts85 7) such that the prophage is quiescent at | | | prophage is still present, no product is observed due to the large distance between the primers, approximately 54 kilobase pairs. |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/09351.010208&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | Prophage Detection in Bacterial Genomes |
| | A second analysis step dedicated to filter them out is being finalised. | | | Temperate phages, while residing in their host as latent prophages, either integrated in the host genome or as a circular or linear plasmid, become a repository for the shuffling of genetic information by recombination with temporary resident phage, plasmid or other mobile element. | | | This repeat, generated upon integration of the viral into the host genome, assigns the prophage boundaries. |
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http://www.iscb.org/ismb2004/posters/gipsiATscmbb.ulb.ac.be_970.html
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| | A satellite phage-encoded antirepressor induces repressor aggregation and cholera toxin gene transfer |
| | These new plasmids were introduced into the strains Bah-2 and O395, which both lack functional phage integration sites, so the marked RS1s were maintained as extrachromosomal elements (Waldor and Mekalanos, 1996; Waldor et al., 1997). | | | Furthermore, the terminator did not impair the activity of the ToxT-regulated toxin promoter immediately upstream of ctxAB, as this promoter still functioned in response to ToxT (Figure 3D). | | | (B) Genetic structures of the CTX prophage and RS1. |
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http://www.nature.com/emboj/journal/v21/n16/full/7594643a.html
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| | future news: Oprah Enters Public Domain, Fans Mourn |
| | had heard that my balance might be affected by [ProPhage]," reports Hank Kiln, a user of the 2044 model, "but what really happened was that my shoulders and neck got all built out, and I lost weight in my hips and thighs, my problem areas. | | | Using a combination of viral and non-viral mechanisms, ProPhage adjusts the body's metabolic processes in order to decrease fat storage and promote cosmetically targeted muscle growth. | | | Some users of the 2044 and '45 models complain of a "top-weighting" or "lopsided" distribution of muscle tissue, resulting in a tendency to fall, or tip over, while cornering during running, jogging, trotting, and aerobic fast-walking. |
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http://www.futurefeedforward.com/futnews.php?fid=29
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| | INPEC 2005, Israel |
| | The prophage can be induced under different conditions such as UV irradiation, to develop into full-fledged virions leading to cell lysis. | | | The prophage, cryptic prophage and phage remnants can help provide a hidden structural and functional repertoire of proteins for the organism in their survival mechanism and pathogenicity. | | | Based on our analysis of the e14 cryptic prophage in E.coli, we have developed two different methods, one based on protein similarity and another based on relative dinucleotide abundance, for detection of prophage regions in genomes. |
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http://www.inpec.org.il/abstracts/569f6ea3727ff96522fe1831e61d19cc.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Further experiments attempted to obtain a better understanding of what genes are present in the prophage. | | | Fifteen of the twenty-seven strains studies suggested the presence of a P2-related prophage. | | | Based on previous experiments, only 18 and 19 had suggested the presence of a P2 prophage. |
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http://ramsites.net/~rmullowney/p2research.doc
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| | Davis Biology 220 Spring 1998 |
| | But prophage can be excised, because lambda cleverly uses host response system to potentially lethal situations: | | | In other words, there is an imprecise excision of the prophage DNA. | | | During induction, a prophage is excised from the bacterial chromosome and carries along with it some of the chromosomal DNA. |
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http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol220/DavisLecture33.html
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| | Pfam 19.0 : DOC |
| | Plasmid addiction genes of bacteriophage P1: doc, which causes cell death on curing of prophage, and phd, which prevents host death when prophage is retained. | | | The plasmid withdrawal response depends on a gene named doc (death on curing) that is represented by this family. | | | The frequency with which viable cells cured of prophage are produced is about 10(-5) per cell per generation [1]. |
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http://pfam.wustl.edu/cgi-bin/getdesc?name=DOC
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| | National Estuarine Research Reserve System |
| | The demonstrated relationship between carcinogenicity of a chemical compound in mammals and its tendency to cause prophage induction in bacteria provides a method for biologically based carcinogen screening. | | | This assay is patterned after the Microscreen Assay, which is currently in use to screen for bioactive pollutants in freshwater environments. | | | Because of the need for this type of screening and the abundance of lysogens in the marine environment, a Marine Prophage Induction Assay (MPIA) has been developed. |
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http://nerrs.noaa.gov/Fellowship/grf_sus_38.html
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| | Prophage at opensource encyclopedia |
| | A prophage is a temperate phage in its integrated status. | | | Its genome can be integrated into the bacterial host chromosome or a plasmid. |
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http://www.wiki.tatet.com/Prophage.html
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| | Martin L. Pato |
| | The focus of most of my recent work is a model to explain how the Mu prophage termini are synapsed - an essential early step in transposition. | | | Rigorous tests of the model that the gyrase binding site is responsible for organizing the topology of prophage DNA to allow synapsis of the prophage ends have led us to believe that the model is correct. | | | Pato, M.L.(2001) Lambda excision revisited: testing a model for synapsis of prophage ends. |
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http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/microbio/pato.htm
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| | Rapid Detection of Mutagens by Induction of Luciferase-Bearing Prophage in Escherichia coli |
| | The test is also automatable and generates very little waste, which makes it a potentially valuable tool for rapid screening and process monitoring. | | | In the lysogens, the luciferase genes are expressed from phage promoters, which allows rapid detection of DNA-damage-triggered prophage induction with a simple whole-cell luciferase assay. | | | This has stimulated interest in rapid screening assays for genotoxic agents. |
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http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/1996/30/i08/abs/es950774t.html
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| | Phage Biology Laboratory at Evergreen |
| | Many prophages further aid their host by helping protect against various unrelated, lytic phages. | | | Others reside in the chromosome; there, they often are found imbedded in defective lysogenic prophages which have lost some key genes in the process and cannot be induced to form phage particles. | | | They can actually integrate their DNA into the host DNA, much as HIV can integrate the DNA copy of its RNA, leading to virtually permanent association as a prophage with a specific bacterium and all its progeny. |
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http://vforest.evergreen.edu/phage/phagetherapy/phagetherapy.htm
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| | Lysogeny and Specialized Transduction |
| | induction is the process that results in the conversion of a prophage into a lytic phage | | | some prophages are more or less permanently latent | | | lambda circle integrates into the host chromosome to form the lambda prophage. |
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http://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/mivey/m4233/lyso.html
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| | RexAB proteins of bacteriophage lambda enhance the effect of photolyase-dimer complexes on lacZ gene expression in ... |
| | Inactivation is exceptionally effective when cells contain amplified levels of DNA photolyase (which forms complexes with pyrimidine dimers in the absence of light for actual photoreversal) and a lambda prophage. | | | Without amplified photolyase, the lambda prophage or both, inactivation rates are similar and much lower. | | | When Rex AB proteins are provided by expression from a plasmid and the cell also contains amplified photolyase, exceptional inactivation rates again obtain; in fact inactivation is most effective under these conditions. |
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http://www.aegis.com/aidsline/1992/jun/M9260195.html
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| | LecOut_GenMove |
| | Bacteriophages can also mediate the transfer of chromosomal DNA from one bacterial cell to another in a process know as transduction. | | | Once a temperate phage has become integrated into the genome of the host cell, there will be a few prophage genes expressed in the host cell. | | | Temperate bacteriophages are defined as those with the ability to infect a host cell and then follow a lytic or lysogenic path. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/jclara/410/Outlines/GeneMove.html
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| | Bacteriophage Life Cycles: The Lysogenic Life Cycle |
| | To review the lysogenic life cycle of a temperate bacteriophage during which a prophage is formed, | | | The number of viruses infecting the bacterium as well as the physiological state of the bacterium appear to determine whether the temperate phage enters the lytic cycle or becomes a prophage. | | | Instead, the phage DNA inserts or integrates into the host bacterium's DNA (see Fig. |
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http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/viruses/lysolc.html
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| | Excisionase List |
| | Familiy groups are based on a phylogenetic analysis of the sequences. | | | The list of RDFs includes proteins that have been annotated as an excisionase, xis, cox, excisase or identifed in similarity based searches. | | | The protein names are either the name of the DNA element in the case of phages, transposons and plasmids, or the gene name in the case of unnamed prophages and chromosomal genes. |
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http://www.pitt.edu/~gfh/xislist.html
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| | [No title] |
| | In some preferred embodiments, the indigenous chromosomal region is selected from the group of regions consisting of PBSX, skin, prophage 7, | | | In some embodiments, the methods further comprise the step of excising the selective marker from the altered Bacillus strain. | | | In yet further embodiments, the indigenous chromosomal region is selected from the group consisting of a PBSX region, a skin region, a prophage 7 region, a |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/83125.031009&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | Jahrbuch-CD der MPG 2003 - PY54, a linear plasmid prophage |
| | Regions on the phage genome important for plasmid maintenance were defined by the construction of linear and circular miniplasmid derivatives of pY54, of which the smallest miniplasmid comprises a 4.5 kb DNA fragment of the plasmid prophage. | | | The N15 protelomerase has cleaving/joining activity generating the telomeres by processing a 56 bp palindrome (telomere resolution site tel RL). | | | PY54, a linear plasmid prophage of Yersinia enterocolitica with covalently closed ends |
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http://www.mpg.de/forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/archivListenJahrbuch/2003/05/publZIM24.html
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| | Gene Control |
| | Ultraviolet light and x-rays may also trigger emergence of the prophage. | | | Eventually the new viruses cause the rupture (or lysis) of the cell, releasing those new viruses to continue the infection cycle. | | | Transduction is the transfer of host DNA from one cell to another by a virus. |
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http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookGENCTRL.html
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| | Lambda bio |
| | the tail genes) that are located on the right side of the prophage, and phage that carry the bio genes located on the right side of the prophage lack the phage genes required for lysogeny functions (e.g. | | | Phage that carry the gal genes located on the left side of the prophage lack the phage genes required for lytic functions (e.g. | | | Specialized transducing phage that carry genes located on the right side of the prophage (e.g. |
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http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/~smaloy/MicrobialGenetics/topics/phage/lambda-bio.html
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| | VCU Bioinformatics and Bioengineering Summer Institute |
| | However, you observe that rare phage in the lysate are able to infect E. | | | The prophage can still excise from the chromosome, replicate, package, and lyse the host, but the resulting phage particles are noninfective due to the lack of a functional tail fiber. | | | coli EDL933 in which the 5' end of prophage gene L0121 has been removed and replaced with an antibiotic resistance gene. |
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http://www.vcu.edu/csbc/bbsi/inst/courses/courses-2005/Phage/phage-scenario4.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Lambda Phage) Prophage = A phage genome that is incorporated into a specific site on the bacterial "chromosome” Most prophage genes are inactive. | | | Temperate viruses = Viruses that can integrate their genome into host chromosome and remain latent until they initiate a lytic cycle (eg. |
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http://www.neuro.fsu.edu/faculty/trombley/bsc2010chap18.doc
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| | [No title] |
| | lactis] MNDDTLTNLVARGLVDEVIHLFNKYLGTQLKIRNEKRVLPYISKKRVMEDLDISDGTLDNWEKHGLNRYK PRYKTSLIYYLIDDICKFIVIDT >gi12722874gbAAK04133.1AE006242_12 prophage ps1 protein 11, transcriptional regulator [Lactococcus lactis subsp. | | | lactis] MNEITVSLDVIIKNKNVIVSSLSVAKAFDRQHSHILRSIEDIKRDWDSLIQSKNGLNRNIIPLKSQGNKQ VIFTDYFKESEYIAENGRLVKFFEMNRNGFMLLANSFNGKRILPIKLAFIERFDELEHITLEQAKETENR KNLNQAIKESPHFKPFYYSRFSDFLCQLITHNKYKTVKKLREDKGYYGKQFSKIPLKSLLDSEEDLKRLQ KLENSIIAWLEIDYSFREIKAFLTKEKAQPLPTKKA >gi12722879gbAAK04137.1AE006243_1 prophage ps1 protein 15, transcriptional regulator [Lactococcus lactis subsp. | | | lactis] MGLSHNKMIKSKVGLTDFTTDYGLTQKRVALTHLFLISMVSEDSALLRSPKSEESTLLCSRLSEKRESSY L >gi12722886gbAAK04144.1AE006243_8 prophage ps1 protein 22 [Lactococcus lactis subsp. |
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http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/structure-9/Genomes/Bacteria_Lactococcus_lactis_subsp_lactis.faa
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| | CP-933u |
| | (AF064539) gp12 [Bacteriophage N15]" /codon_start=1 /transl_table=11 /product="putative tail fiber component U of prophage CP-933U" /protein_id="NP_288450.1" /db_xref="GI:15802424" /translation="MKHREIRAAVLSALKENISERVSWFDGRPVFIDEQELPAVAVYL TDASAADEFVDEGTWEATLHIEVFLRAKEPDSALDMWMEEKILPALEAVPGLSALLLK MNLQGYDYRRDDEFMMWGSADLLWKITYEM" gene 31802..32554 /gene="Z3087" CDS 31802..32554 /gene="Z3087" /function="putative structure; Structural component (Phage or Prophage Related)" /note="Residues 1 to 244 of 250 are 79.50 pct identical to residues 1 to 244 of 246 from GenPept 118 : gi215117gbAAA96545.1 | | | (AF069529) Gp67 [Bacteriophage HK97]" /codon_start=1 /transl_table=11 /product="putative endonuclease encoded within prophage CP-933U" /protein_id="NP_288470.1" /db_xref="GI:15802444" /translation="MLIDLVLPYPPTVNTYWRRRGSTYFVSKAGERYRRAVALIVRQQ RLKLSLSGRLAIKIIAEPPDKRRRDLDNILKAPLDALTHAGLLMDDEQFDEINIVRGQ LVPGERLGIKITELECA" gene 15183..15872 /gene="Z3114" CDS 15183..15872 /gene="Z3114" /function="putative regulator; Regulation (Phage or Prophage Related)" /note="Residues 1 to 229 of 229 are 75.54 pct identical to residues 1 to 229 of 229 from GenPept 118 : gi215365gbAAA32298.1 | | | (AE000233) orf, hypothetical protein [Escherichia coli]" /codon_start=1 /transl_table=11 /product="unknown protein encoded within prophage CP-933U" /protein_id="NP_288480.1" /db_xref="GI:15802454" /translation="MKIKHEHIRMAINAWAYPDGEKVPAAEIARTYFELGMTFPELYD DSHPEALARNTQKIFRWLDKDTPDAVEKIQALLPAIEKAMPPLLVARMRSHSSEYYRE IVERRDRLVKDVDDFVAAAIAWGTLTNSGGQPGNAVVVH" gene 8698..9735 /gene="Z3124" CDS 8698..9735 /gene="Z3124" /function="orf; Other or unknown (Phage or Prophage Related)" /note="Residues 197 to 281 of 345 are 50.53 pct identical to residues 85 to 176 of 179 from GenPept 118 : gi1790824gbAAC77318.1 |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~interna/gbk/CP-933u_gbk.html
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