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| | Prefrontal cortex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Subsequent studies on patients with prefrontal injuries have shown that, in testing, they verbalize what the most appropriate social responses would be under certain circumstances, yet when actually performing, they will still pursue behavior which is aimed at immediate gratification even if they know the longer term results will be self-defeating. | | | Divided into the lateral, orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal areas, this brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression and moderating correct social behavior. | | | Several studies have indicated that reduced volume and interconnections of the frontal lobes with other brain regions is common in incarcerated criminals, sociopaths, drug addicts, and many schizophrenics. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex
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| | Do rats have prefrontal cortex? |
| | A re-evaluation of rat frontal cortex suggests that the medial frontal cortex, usually considered to homologous to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of primates, actually consists of cortex homologous to primate premotor and anterior cingulate cortex. | | | The shoulder cortex is considered to be the rat's frontal eyefield, because stimulation of this zone yields head and eye movements. | | | Furthermore, it has been argued the the same basic subdivisions of prefrontal cortex present in primates could be identified in nonprimate mammals such as rats and cats, including specifically the frontal eyefield and principalis cortex (the latter being named for its location along the banks of the principal sulcus of macaque monkeys). |
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http://www.yerkes.emory.edu/DIV/Preuss/RWA.html
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| | Emotional Control and Orbitofrontal Cortex Dynamic filtering theory was initially developed to characterize the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cognition and memory (Shimamura, 1995; 1996). | | | Based on dynamic filtering theory, the multitude of cognitive disorders observed in patients with prefrontal lesions is explained by the failure of filtering activity in posterior cortex. | | | Advances in cognitive neuroscience have begun to clarify the role of the prefrontal cortex in human behavior. |
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http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~shimlab/ShimFilter.doc
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| | Prefrontal Cortex in Bipolar Disorder -- Neurotransmitter.net |
| | METHODS: Dorsolateral prefrontal area 9 was analyzed using a three-dimensional morphometric method in postmortem brains from 10 BPD patients and 11 matched nonpsychiatric control subjects. | | | AIM: The aim of the present study was to use fMRI, as well as two other MRI techniques to examine their relationships with clinical and neurocognitive assessments and the effectiveness of psychiatric treatment of bipolar disorders. | | | Immunohistochemical and immunoblot techniques were employed to examine the distribution and expression of GABA(B) receptors in the prefrontal cortex of postmortem subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. |
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http://www.neurotransmitter.net/bipolarpfc.html
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| | The Human Brain - Watch Your Head |
| | Striking personality changes can result when the pathways between the prefrontal cortex and other regions of the brain are impaired – due to axonal shearing and the consequent free radical damage to the myelin sheath. | | | The "amygdala" is a pair of small almond-shaped structures situated between the cerebral cortex and the limbic/emotional center of the brain. | | | Injury to the prefrontal cortex can affect your most human qualities: the ability to process information and solve problems; to concentrate, remember, and learn. |
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http://www.fi.edu/brain/head.htm
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| | Catechol O-Methyltransferase (COMT) mRNA Expression in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex of Patients with Schizophrenia |
| | Pharmacological studies in rats have also shown that the catabolic flux of synaptic dopamine through the COMT pathway is much greater in the prefrontal cortex as compared to the striatum (Karoum et al, 1994). | | | Projections from the rat prefrontal cortex to the ventral tegmental area: target specificity in the synaptic associations with mesoaccumbens and mesocortical neurons. | | | Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex on neurotransmitter systems in subcortical sites in the rat. |
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http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v28/n8/full/1300218a.html
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| | AccessMedicine - Harrison's Internal Medicine: The Prefrontal Network for Attention and Behavior |
| | The dorsolateral prefrontal, medial prefrontal, and orbitofrontal areas, and the subcortical structures with which they are interconnected (i.e., the head of the caudate and the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus), collectively make up a large-scale network that coordinates exceedingly complex aspects of human cognition and behavior...." | | | "Approximately one-third of all the cerebral cortex in the human brain is located in the frontal lobes. | | | The frontal lobes can be subdivided into motor-premotor, dorsolateral prefrontal, medial prefrontal, and orbitofrontal components. |
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http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=53311
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| | Prefrontal Cortex and Schizophrenia: A Quantitative MRI Study. |
| | Weinberger DR, Berman BF, Illowsky B. Physiological dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, III: a new cohort and evidence for a monoaminergic mechanism. | | | One contributing factor to the differences among prefrontal structural studies could be the large variation in MRI methodology. | | | However, within the schizophrenic group, there was evidence for a relationship between the volumes of left prefrontal gray matter and left temporal lobe structures that was not present in the control group. |
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http://splweb.bwh.harvard.edu:8000/pages/papers/prefrontal/wibl95.html
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| | Competing theories of prefrontal Cortex Functions |
| | Introductory graduate level coursework in cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and neuroscience. | | | Then, I will present the five criteria that a theory should meet if it is to provide a useful framework for understanding the functions of the prefrontal cortex. | | | I will show how the representational approach forces a more detailed specification of a theory and thus enables specific hypothesis testing and is the most parsimonious way to explore the nature of knowledge stored in the human PFC. |
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http://www.uth.tmc.edu/clinicalneuro/institute/2004/Grafman.html
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| | Executive Function |
| | [Indeed,] a most distinctive disorder arising from prefrontal damage [due to accident or stroke] is the inability to initiate and carry out new and goal-directed patterns of behavior. | | | A number of times we have used the idea of ‘executive function&; in explanations of behavior. | | | However, [it is crucial to recognize that] most these functions are phenomena of [distributed] neural processing and without a unique location of their own, either in frontal cortex or elsewhere." (The quotes is from the book "The Prefrontal Cortex" by J.M. Fuster) |
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http://mcdb.colorado.edu/courses/3650/executive.html
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| | Somatosensory Processing in the Human Inferior Prefrontal Cortex -- Hagen et al. 88 (3): 1400 -- Journal of ... |
| | Connections of the ventral granular frontal cortex of macaques with perisylvian premotor and somatosensory areas: anatomical evidence for somatic representation in primate frontal association cortex. | | | The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans. | | | The third prefrontal area that may process somatosensory information falls in the ventral area of the principle sulcus (ventral |
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http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/88/3/1400
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| | Neuropsychology & Behavioral Neuroscience |
| | Teuber, H.L. The riddle of the frontal lobe in man. In J.P. Warren and K. Akerts (Eds), The Frontal Granular Cortex and Behavior. | | | Milner, B. Some effects of frontal lobectomy in man. In J.P. Warren and K. Akerts (Eds), The Frontal Granular Cortex and Behavior. | | | Responsible for planning, structuring, and evaluating voluntary (goal directed behavior, i.e., activities requiring the constant comparison of planned acts with the effects achieved. |
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http://neuro.psyc.memphis.edu/NeuroPsyc/np-l2-pref.htm
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| | ScienceDaily: Adolescents And Young Adults With Alcohol-use Disorders Have A Smaller Prefrontal Cortex |
| | Future research will need to determine if a smaller prefrontal cortex represents a vulnerability to, or a consequence of, early-onset drinking. | | | It may be harder to inhibit urges, delay gratification, and think clearly about the consequences of actions." She added that the cerebellum, which was smaller among the males with an adolescent-onset AUD, "is a key brain region for motor coordination and timing and also for integrating and managing information and sequencing behavioral responses." | | | Both De Bellis and Tapert observed that future studies will need to determine if a smaller prefrontal cortex represents a vulnerability to, or a consequence of, early-onset drinking. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/09/050916080920.htm
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| | Stanford Memory Laboratory Publications 2000-Current |
| | Bunge, S. A., Burrows, B., and Wagner, A. Prefrontal and hippocampal contributions to visual associative recognition: Interactions between cognitive control and episodic retrieval. | | | Badre, D., & Wagner, A. Selection, integration, and conflict monitoring: Assessing the nature and generality of prefrontal cognitive control mechanisms. | | | Savage, C.R., Deckersbach, T., Heckers, S., Wagner, A.D., Schacter, D.L., Alpert, N.M., Fischman, A.J., and Rauch, S. Prefrontal regions supporting spontaneous and directed application of verbal learning strategies: Evidence from PET. |
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http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~wagner/Publications/Publications.html
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| | Modeling Human Prefrontal Cortex in Quake III Home |
| | While the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been associated with a wide variety of cognitive processes, the model that was used in our project was developed to study its role in working memory and cognitive control. | | | Basically, Dr. Noelle and his colleagues had developed a model of the human prefrontal cortex which was assessed by performance on empirical data. | | | Variants of this model of prefrontal cortex have been used to explain performance on a variety of cognitive tasks. |
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http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~noelledc/resources/VE/IDED/home.htm
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| | Susan Sesack - Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic Circuitry |
| | Cognition, emotion and autonomic responses: the integrative role of the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures. | | | We have asked Dr. Sesack to give us an overview of the functional anatomy of the brain regions involved in emotion, and to sketch briefly their known (or presumed) functions. | | | Miller EK (2000) The prefrontal cortex and cognitive control. |
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http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/tmaia/NeuralBasesOfEmotionSeminar/page4.html
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| | Clinical Study: 03-N-0196, Social Knowledge Representation in the Human Prefrontal Cortex |
| | Utilizing a variety of experimental neuropsychological tasks during functional MRI, we will investigate hypotheses regarding the role of the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in social cognition and emotional processing. | | | We will also attempt to determine the relationship between non-frontal neural structures involved in emotional expressions, such as amygdala, and those frontal neural structures involved in executive functions that may modulate emotion. | | | We will ascertain the relationship between so-called cold cognition such as event knowledge and "hot" social cognition such as attitude formation and specific brain regions within the prefrontal cortex. |
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http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/cgi/detail.cgi?A_03-N-0196.html
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| | Prefrontal Cortex |
| | Also discussed are other factors which may contribute to the development of schizophrenia, and anti-schizophrenia drugs and how they work. | | | The aim of these patient oriented documents is "to explain how basic neuroscience discoveries lead to clinical applications". | | | This document titled "The Prefrontal Cortex and Schizophrenia" focuses on structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex and how this may contribute to the loss of brain function as seen in schizophrenia. |
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http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D017397.html
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| | The Seattle Times: Health: The biology behind teens' temper tantrums |
| | The study further showed, Walsh says, that adults rely on their prefrontal cortex to interpret facial expressions, while adolescents rely on the amygdala, in the anterior portion of the temporal lobe. | | | Walsh, who is president and founder of the National Institute on Media and the Family, in Minneapolis, says parents often think kids are deliberately misinterpreting situations or trying to drive their parents crazy, but this isn't the case. | | | It's because a teenager's prefrontal cortex — the brain's center for moderation, impulse-control and the understanding of consequences — is still under construction. |
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http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/health/2002163863_healthteenmoods30.html
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| | CNS*2003 PFC Workshop - Discussion Questions |
| | In particular, they do not consistently simply "come on" during stimulus presentation and "reset" once a response is made. | | | How do prefrontal systems affect processing elsewhere in cortex? | | | According to the various models, how do other cortical areas affect prefrontal function? |
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http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~noelledc/resources/CNS2003/abstracts/questions.html
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| | Spatial selectivity in human ventrolateral prefrontal cortex - Nature Neuroscience |
| | The functional organization of lateral prefrontal cortex is not well understood, and there is debate as to whether the dorsal and ventral aspects mediate distinct spatial and non-spatial functions, respectively. | | | Spatial selectivity in human ventrolateral prefrontal cortex - Nature Neuroscience | | | Our results also indicate that prefrontal cortex may be a source of control signals for neuroprosthetic applications. |
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http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v8/n4/abs/nn1424.html;jsessionid=F8DABB113D6BAD5503F3222902D45292
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| | It's no joke: Study identifies brain circuitry involved in our grasp of sarcasm |
| | The results shed light on how the brain's neurobiology underlies the behavioral problems of patients with cortex damage. | | | Researchers then asked participants questions such as: Did someone say something they shouldn't have? | | | Authors Simone Shamay-Tsoory, PhD, and Rachel Tomer, PhD, of the University of Haifa, and Judith Aharon-Peretz, PhD, of Israel's Rambam Medical Center, hypothesized that the right frontal cortex regulates understanding sarcasm since the right hemisphere concerns emotional processing and the prefrontal cortex deals with social cognition. |
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http://www.apa.org/monitor/may05/sarcasm.html
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| | Cognitive Neuroscience Section |
| | The major goal of the Cognitive Neuroscience Section is to characterize the forms of knowledge represented in the human prefrontal cortex. | | | While it is believed that the prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in planning, social cognition, reasoning, and reflection, scientists remain puzzled about its underlying cognitive architecture and the number of circumscribed prefrontal cortex brain sectors subserving specific cognitive operations and/or knowledge. | | | Dr. Grafman's Section is attempting to identify the nature of representational knowledge stored in the human prefrontal cortex, the cognitive properties of representational binding that form episodes in memory, and the types of cognitive neuroplasticity that occur during learning and recovery from brain damage. |
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http://intra.ninds.nih.gov/Lab.asp?Org_ID=83
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| | N. N. Holland's Seminar, Your Mind on Media: Description |
| | Knight et al., "Role of Human Prefrontal Cortex," 20-34. | | | Your responses to the first two parts of non-gradable exercise 1 are online: | | | "Escape from Linear Time: Prefrontal Cortex and Conscious Experience." The Cognitive Neurosciences. |
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http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/nnh/sem05/memo-s05.htm
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| | Frontal Lobe Anatomy |
| | Front part of the brain; involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, selective attention, personality and a variety of "higher cognitive functions" including behavior and emotions. | | | he anterior (front) portion of the frontal lobe is called the prefrontal cortex. |
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http://www.waiting.com/frontallobe.html
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| | Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction Mediates Deficits in (ResearchIndex) |
| | Abstract: al Psychiatry Key Words: Schizophrenia, prefrontal cortex, cognitive control, working memory, response inhibition, functional magnetic resonance imaging Introduction A dvances in neuroscience theory and methods have supported early conceptions that schizophrenia is a disease of brain function (Kraepelin 1971) associated with a host of cognitive impairments (Bleuler 1950). | | | For example, schizophrenia patients exhibit a range of cognitive deficits, particularly on measures of memory and... | | | 0.4: Selective Deficits in Prefrontal Cortex Function - In Medication-Naive Patients (2001) |
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http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/651205.html
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| | Wael Asaad |
| | My work here focuses on the role of the prefrontal cortex in associative learning. | | | Neural Activity in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex During Associative Learning. | | | We employ multiple single-unit recordings to observe the activity of many neurons simultaneously as the prefrontal cortex and related structures are engaged by relevant behavioral tasks. |
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http://www.mit.edu/people/wfasaad/info.html
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| | Brain Explorer - prefrontal cortex |
| | This area of the brain is thought to be involved in planning complex cognitive behaviours and in the expression of personality and appropriate social behaviour. | | | The prefrontal cortex is found in the cortical regions of the frontal lobe which are anterior to the primary and association motor cortices. | | | It is divided into the dorsolateral, orbitofrontal (also called the limbic frontal lobe) and mesial prefrontal areas. |
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http://www.brainexplorer.org/glossary/prefrontal_cortex.shtml
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| | Antisocial Personality Disorder And The Prefrontal Cortex |
| | Patients with structural damage to the prefrontal cortex are known to manifest symptoms that mimic antisocial personality disorder. | | | The prefrontal structural deficits may underlie the low arousal, poor fear conditioning, lack of conscience, and decision-making deficits that characterize psychopathy. | | | Therefore, a pertinent matter, investigated by Raine et al (2000), is whether patients with antisocial personality disorder show structural prefrontal cortical abnormalities. |
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http://www.indegene.com/Psy/Jour/indJour_AGP_Sum_01-02-2000_1.asp
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| | Schizophrenia Linked To Defect In Prefrontal Cortex |
| | The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Federal Government's primary agency for biomedical and behavioral research. | | | As in previous studies, the patients showed reduced prefrontal activation and performed poorly on the task, suggesting disturbed functioning of that part of the brain. | | | Together with other evidence, this suggests that the excess dopamine activity that antipsychotic drugs quell may be driven by a defect in the prefrontal cortex, the brain's executive control center. |
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http://unisci.com/stories/20021/0129021.htm
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| | Pyramidal Neuron Cell Bodies In Prefrontal Cortex In Schizophrenics |
| | This difference was statistically significant; and that; (2) neither antipsychotic medication treatment history nor duration of illness was associated with somal size. | | | Pyramidal Neuron Cell Bodies In Prefrontal Cortex In Schizophrenics | | | Prominent amongst these neuropsychological deficits are impairments in executive functioning, a level of cognitive control which is mediated by the prefrontal cortex. |
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http://www.indegene.com/Psy/Jour/indJour_AGP_Sum_01-05-2001_4.asp
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| | rostro medial prefrontal cortex |
| | Rostro Medial Prefrontal Cortex - Extravaganza 3" CDR 2004 | | | Rostro Medial Prefrontal Cortex - Jazzercycle Ringtone nebenton.org 2005 | | | Rostro Medial Prefrontal Cortex - Elements BK012 - March 2004 |
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http://www.smcm.edu/users/ychen/rmpc
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| | Psychology: Faculty Publications |
| | Event-related fMRI study of context processing in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. | | | Luciana, M. The neural and functional development of human prefrontal cortex. | | | Murray, S. O., Kersten, D., Olshausen, B. A., Schrater, P., and Woods, D. Shape perception reduces activity in human primary visual cortex. |
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http://www.psych.umn.edu/publications/facultypub.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Performance of patients with prefrontal lesions on a new executive function test. | | | Beer, J. S., Shimamura, A. and Knight, R. Frontal lobe contributions to executive control of cognitive and social behavior. | | | Shimamura, A. P.(2000).The role of the prefrontal cortex in dynamic filtering. |
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http://bis.berkeley.edu/~shimlab/ShimPubs.html
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| | HealthScout-Consumer Health News, Information and Resources Updated Daily-Anxiety-Brain Structure May Affect Anxiety |
| | The size of a particular brain structure may affect a person's vulnerability to anxiety, say Massachusetts General Hospital researchers. | | | They scanned the brains of 14 volunteers while they were exposed to anxiety-inducing situations and concluded that people with a thicker ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are better able to cope with stressful experiences, BBC News reported. |
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http://www.healthscout.com/template.asp?ap=1&page=newsdetail&id=1507182
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| | Find in a Library: The prefrontal cortex : executive and cognitive functions |
| | The prefrontal cortex : executive and cognitive functions | | | Find in a Library: The prefrontal cortex : executive and cognitive functions | | | WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries. |
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http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/448393380d281680a19afeb4da09e526.html
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| | Adriana A. Alcantara, Ph.D. |
| | Alcantara AA, Pfenninger KH and Greenough WT (1992) 5B4-CAM Expression Parallels Neurite Outgrowth and Synaptogenesis in the Developing Rat Brain. | | | We have also found that cholinergic neurons of the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex are activated following the acute administration of alcohol and following chronic drinking of alcohol, as measured by Fos and Cdk5 respectively, in genetically selected lines of rats and mice that consume enough alcohol to produce intoxication. | | | Together, our findings should help toward the development of improved, site-specific, targeted pharmaceutical and cognitive-behavioral programs designed for the prevention of drug abuse and addiction. |
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http://www.homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/faculty/Alcantara/Alcantara.html
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| | [No title] |
| | prefrontal cortex "gates" hypothalamic reinforcement, taking into account social and interpersonal info | | | to interrupt connections between orbitofrontal cortex and limbic and thalamic areas | | | These areas PROJECT TO the prefrontal cortex, and also receive PROJECTIONS FROM the prefrontal cortex: |
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http://faculty.ucr.edu/~chrisc/classes/psyc129/execovr.htm
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