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| | Polio Definition |
 | | Put simply, paralytic polio was an inadvertent by-product of modern sanitary conditions. | | | This central theory regarding the spread of polio is supported, at least to some extent, by experiences in third world countries. | | | Though there was never a cure for polio, most who contracted it experienced improvement in muscle strength and control after the acute infection subsided. |
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http://www.cloudnet.com/~edrbsass/poliodefinition.htm
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| | Polio definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms |
| | In polio, there is inflammation of the central nervous system, especially the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and the brainstem (the portion of the brain between the cerebral hemispheres and spinal cord). | | | There may be no further progression from this picture of viral meningitis ("aseptic" meningitis) or there be loss of tendon reflexes and weakness or paralysis of muscle groups. | | | Polio Vaccine: It Tamed a Scourge, Transformed Medicine |
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http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4972
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| | Dr. Koop - Post-Polio Syndrome- Health Encyclopedia and Reference |
| | PPS is characterized by a further weakening of the muscles that were previously injured by polio. | | | The loss of mobility caused by the damaged nerve(s) is called paralysis and can affect the muscles in the arms, legs, chest, diaphragm and throat. | | | EMG is a test in which electrical activity in muscle in analyzed. |
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http://www.drkoop.com/encyclopedia/43/334.html
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| | Information About the Late Effects of Polio |
| | No one can predict the future, but it is recommended that you and the polio survivor in your life attempt to approach the concerns as a team that includes health professionals. | | | Acute polio does not infect sensory nerves, so sensation is not affected. | | | Your role as a family member may be to encourage an evaluation and to assist in implementing the treatment plan. |
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http://www.post-polio.org/ipn/aboutlep.html
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| | Medical References: Polio |
| | Polio often causes no more than a sore throat, headache, malaise, intestinal upset and fever. | | | This weakness can affect muscles previously weakened by polio as well as muscles believed to have been unaffected. | | | Some patients who had polio when young experience progressive new muscle weakness decades afterward. |
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http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1283.asp
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| | Post Polio Syndrome Resources - Polio/PPS Information for Polio Survivors. |
| | This deterioration of individual nerve terminals might be an outcome of the recovery process from the acute polio attack. | | | Some basic researchers are studying the behavior of motor neurons many years after a polio attack. | | | Doctors use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies, muscle biopsies analysis as tools to investigate the course of decline in muscle strength. |
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http://www.ppsr.com
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| | Polio |
| | Physical therapy is the most important part of management of paralytic polio during recovery. | | | Therapy is designed to make the patient more comfortable (pain medications and hot packs to soothe the muscles), and intervention if the muscles responsible for breathing fail (for instance, a ventilator to take over the work of breathing). | | | If the brainstem is severely affected, the brain's control of such vital functions as heart rate and blood pressure may be disturbed. |
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http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/polio.jsp
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| | Polio |
| | Paralytic polio can start like a common cold, but often with severe muscle pain. | | | It is spread through contact with the bowel movements of an infected person (for instance, by changing diapers). | | | Sometimes these children will also feel some pain and stiffness in their neck, back, and legs, but this soon goes away. |
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http://www.ecbt.org/polio.htm
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| | polio |
| | Polio Experience Network offers information, inspiration, ideas and resources to help you understand polio and post-polio syndrome, and to confidently manage life with it. | | | Copyright © Polio Experience Network, 1994 - 2004. | | | For a good explanation of polio; what it is, what causes it, etc. see "What Is Polio?" |
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http://www.polionet.org
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| | Vaccine Science: Polio |
| | These three strains are all necessary for an effective vaccine to prevent paralytic polio. | | | As discussed above, the unique ability of OPV to induce intestinal, local immunity is probably responsible for the extraordinary effect of OPV mass campaigns in interrupting wild poliovirus transmission. | | | When a person immunized with IPV is infected with wild poliovirus, virus can still multiply inside the intestines and be shed in stools — risking continued circulation. |
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http://www.sabin.org/vaccine_science_polio.htm
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| | Polio |
| | In some cases the virus can attack certain nerves which come directly off the brain rather than through the spinal cord: this can paralyze the muscles of the face and throat, and obstruct breathing. | | | This, combined with paralysis of the chest muscles, often leaves survivors dependent on ventilators. | | | Your doctor can help you decide whether you need a polio booster before a particular trip. |
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http://www.drreddy.com/shots/polio.html
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| | harvest center's Post-Polio Page |
| | Bruno's work is immensely important not only to the many persons who had polio but to those with CFS as well. | | | The Polio Paradox helps polio survivors reconnect with the survival skills, courage and internal resources that allowed us to survive polio and that will help to build a new life -- and maybe even a better one -- with PPS. | | | And he addresses the greatest obstacle and most difficult challenge in dealing with PPS: the psychological scars left by the polio experience. |
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http://members.aol.com/harvestctr/pps/polio.html
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| | Famous Polio People |
| | She had polio when she was 6, and faced pain from many broken bones, operations and even amputation. | | | She encouraged us to be pro-active, seeking solutions to whatever problems we encountered. | | | Lange viewed her handicap as a determination factor in her life. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Ranch/5212/poliopeople.html
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| | Jonas Salk, M.D. Biography -- Academy of Achievement |
| | Human trials of the polio vaccine effectively protected the subject from the polio virus. | | | After completing medical school and his internship, Salk returned to the study of influenza, the flu virus. | | | He had no desire to profit personally from the discovery, but merely wished to see the vaccine disseminated as widely as possible. |
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http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/sal0bio-1
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| | The polio vaccine (0-12 months) |
| | The IPV given today has been enhanced so that it protects children from the poliovirus just as effectively as the OPV. | | | Why does my baby need the polio vaccine? | | | • Why does my baby need the polio vaccine? |
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http://www.babycenter.com/refcap/baby/babyills/babyvaccine/1566.html
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| | MedlinePlus Drug Information: Poliovirus Vaccine (Systemic) |
| | This vaccine is to be administered only by or under the supervision of your doctor or other health care professional. | | | Older adults—Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. | | | Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially: |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202470.html
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| | Polio |
| | In the height of the polio epidemic, the standard treatment involved placing a patient with paralysis of the breathing muscles in an "iron lung" - a large machine that actually pushed and pulled the chest muscles to make them work. | | | Although the acute illness usually lasts less than 2 weeks, damage to the nerves could last a lifetime. | | | Historically, home treatment for paralytic polio and abortive polio with neurological symptoms wasn't sufficient. |
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http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/polio.html
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| | HHMI's BioInteractive - Featured Infectious Disease: Polio |
| | No antiviral therapy exists that can "cure" polio. | | | If the virus damages nerves high up in the spinal cord, it can also affect the respiratory muscles and compromise a person's ability to breathe. | | | Polio has already largely been relegated to the history books in the United States—although many people who had contracted polio in childhood suffer the muscle pain and weakness of postpolio syndrome. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/disease/polio
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| | Medinfo: Polio Vaccination |
| | Medicines, and in this case Polio vaccine, are no exception, but vaccines are among the safest medicines. | | | Anything we take into our body can have side effects. | | | Polio is a serious condition, which causes paralysis and death. |
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http://www.medinfo.co.uk/immunisations/polio.html
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| | Rotary International: PolioPlus |
| | Educating medical and healthcare personnel, community leaders, parents, and the general public about the importance of polio immunization and eradication and ways in which they can help. | | | What will be needed to achieve the goal of a polio free world? | | | The nerve cells cannot be regenerated and the affected muscles no longer function. |
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http://www.rotary.org/foundation/polioplus/information/faq.html
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| | All Science News In One Place - UniSci |
| | Hull and Aylward conclude, "Halting the use of OPV remains the simplest and most cost-efficient means for stopping immunization. | | | For one thing, they say, the eradication campaign is using only the live Sabin oral vaccine (OPV), because it is cheaper than the inactivated vaccine and does not require trained personnel and sterile needles -- resources that many developing countries just don't have. | | | As a result, World Health Organization (WHO) officials are now exploring strategies for bringing an end to polio vaccinations. |
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http://unisci.com/polio.shtml
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| | MedlinePlus: Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome |
| | The primary NIH organization for research on Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome is the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | | | Oral Polio Vaccine and HIV / AIDS (National Immunization Program) | | | Polio (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html
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| | Post-Polio Network of NSW Inc Directory |
| | to encourage the interchange of thoughts and experiences of polio through seminars, | | | to encourage research into the late effects of polio | | | The severity of these symptoms may slowly increase. |
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http://www.post-polionetwork.org.au/index2.html
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| | Polio Vaccine -- familydoctor.org |
| | A vaccine is a medicine you take to keep you from getting a disease. | | | Adapted from Polio vaccines: what you need to know. | | | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997. |
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http://familydoctor.org/333.xml
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| | Poliomyelitis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Thus bulbar polio could affect any or all of these functions. | | | In all forms of polio, the early symptoms of infection are fatigue, fever, vomiting, headache and pain in the neck and extremities. | | | Polio (infantile paralysis) is a communicable disease which is categorized as a disease of civilization. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio
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| | Polio vaccine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Though Salk's vaccine had reduced the incidence of polio to a tiny fraction of what it was in the early 1950s, Sabin's vaccine was considered superior for these reasons and became the standard treatment. | | | The killed-virus vaccine immunized people against the effects of the virus, but the virus could still spread from person to person. | | | The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most of the countries in the world and reduced early cases from hundreds of thousands per year to only 1000 worldwide in 2001. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine
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| | Development of Polio Vaccines |
| | The virus enters the body by nose or mouth and travels to the intestines, where it incubates. | | | After a severe attack of polio in its paralytic form, there is no treatment for the disease itself, although symptoms such as muscular paralysis can be helped with physical therapy. | | | The bulbar form affects the lungs so that patients cannot breathe. |
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http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/polio.html
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| | POLIO CONNECTION |
| | It is our belief that our publications contain everything that you may want to know | | | Fill out following form and receive basic and related polio information. | | | Welcome, Polio Survivors to our Home, our Polio Information Home Page. |
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http://www.geocities.com/w1066w
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| | Polio - DrGreene.com |
| | By the turn of the millennium, they had been 99 percent successful (only 2881 new cases in 2000). | | | Polio should be suspected based on the symptoms — especially with the combination of fever, headache, neck and back pain, and paralysis without loss of sensation. | | | Children with polio may develop a fever along with one or more of a variety of symptoms including headache, neck and back pain, sore throat, abdominal pain, constipation, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. |
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http://www.drgreene.com/21_1161.html
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| | Post-Polio-Med |
| | This includes, but is not limited to: questions, answers and information about post-polio syndrome research, clinical issues, clinical trials, current treatment practices and support group meetings and information. | | | Post-Polio-Med is a forum for questions and answers to and from post-polio syndrome researchers, physicians and other post-polio syndrome medical professionals, polio survivors, family, friends, students and others who are interested in post-polio syndrome. |
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http://www.skally.net/ppmed
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| | Information about Polio |
| | Your doctor will prescribe medicine to treat you. | | | There are many symptoms and not everyone will experience all of the symptoms. | | | Paralytic polio begins like milder forms of polio, however, it usually causes severe muscle pain in addition to other symptoms. |
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http://www.mamashealth.com/polio.asp
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| | Polio Outreach of Washington |
| | Our goal is to provide information and support to Polio Survivors, family members, and medical care providers. | | | The World Health Organization estimates there are 12 million people worldwide with some degree of disability caused by poliomyelitis. | | | "A large group of people in the community will have Post Polio Syndrome (PPS) - it's the second largest cause of neurological impairment after stroke." Quote from Dr. Zimmerman at the Englewood Hospital in New Jersey. |
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http://polio.dyndns.org/polio
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| | A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Salk produces polio vaccine |
| | One of the hardest things about working with poliovirus was manufacturing enough to experiment withand to make vaccine production practical. | | | The World Health Organization has goals to eradicate polio completely in the first decade of the twenty-first century. | | | He then tried it on volunteers who had not had polio, including himself, his wife, and their children. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm52sa.html
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| | Polio.org |
| | Check out our links for the most up to date Polio information and much more! | | | The links on this site are generated by an automated system. |
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http://www.polio.org
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| | WHO Polio eradication: now more than ever, stop polio forever |
| | Not only is the world on the verge of reaching a global health goal - the eradication of polio will also leave behind a legacy of what can be achieved through an extraordinary demonstration of global cooperation. | | | Bulletin of the World Health Organization – polio eradication: end-stage challenges | | | Through polio eradication efforts, a significant investment has been made in strengthening health service delivery systems in many countries. |
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http://www.who.int/features/2004/polio/en
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| | WHO Poliomyelitis |
| | Prevention of polio: There is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented. | | | Globally, polio surveillance improved in 2002, as reflected in an increase in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) rates from 1.6 in 2001 to 1.9 in 2002, representing even better detection of AFP cases. | | | Poliomyelitis and its symptoms: Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. |
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en
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| | Post Polio Support Group |
| | Since our establishment the PPSG has provided information to polio survivors, the medical professions, the media and other interested parties. | | | A significant problem for these people was the lack of information available to them about their condition. | | | We also aim to raise awareness among polio survivors themselves, and the broad medical profession about the problems that some survivors now face. |
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http://www.ppsg.ie
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Polio immunization (vaccine) |
| | You have other questions or concerns about polio immunization | | | The Salk vaccine is an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) that was developed by Dr. Jonas Salk in 1955. | | | You are uncertain whether polio immunization should be given, particularly if there are conditions where immunization may need to be delayed or not given |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002030.htm
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| | Global Polio Eradication |
| | The goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative is to ensure that no child will ever again know the crippling effects of polio. | | | The Global Polio Eradication Initiative is the largest public health initiative the world has ever known. | | | Number of polio cases reported globally in 2005 as of the week of 04 October 2005. |
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http://www.polioeradication.org
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| | Lincolnshire Post-Polio Network - Reception [Site Guide] |
| | For articles and papers covering a range of post-polio medical conditions including PPS please call in at our | | | Hence, a history of non-paralytic polio does not preclude new PPS symptoms or a diagnosis of PPS when all other possible conditions have been excluded. | | | In addition there are more general subsections covering Pharmaceutical Information, Disability Living, Mental Health, Occupational Therapy, Pain Management, Complimentary Therapies, Neurology, Orthopaedics, Orthotics, Medical/Healthcare Resource Search Facilities and Medical/Healthcare News and Information Services. |
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http://www.ott.zynet.co.uk/polio/lincolnshire/index1.html
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| | UNICEF - Press centre - UNICEF's chief of immunization on polio crisis in Africa |
| | For only the second time in history we could triumph over a disease. | | | He also coordinates UNICEF’s efforts to raise the capacity of each country immunize every child, bring immunization services into the world’s poorest communities and promote immunization as a child’s basic right to be protected against vaccine-preventable disease. | | | With all eyes on the coming polio campaigns in Africa, UNICEF’s Chief of Immunization, Dr. Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele, talks about the crisis, and the potential for Africa’s greatest success stories. |
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http://www.unicef.org/media/media_19430.html
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| | Post-Polio Health International (PHI)'s Home Page |
| | Topics include: Anesthesia Precautions for People with Neurologic Conditions; Analyzing Your Gait – The Roles of Exercise, Bracing or Surgery; Research I: What Is Being Done? | | | Connect here for information for polio survivors, their friends and families, and health professionals | | | Explore information for polio survivors, home mechanical ventilator users, families, and health professionals. |
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http://www.post-polio.org
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| | HHRS Resources: Poliomyelitis History |
| | SARS, Polio and Medical History Multimedia Resources - click here | | | The story of Dr Leone N. Farrell, developer of the "Toronto Technique" of large scale poliovirus production, an essential step in the making of the Salk polio vaccine. | | | The Story of Polio and Those Who Lived With It |
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http://www.healthheritageresearch.com/PolioHistory.html
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| | Polio Facts |
| | A polio patient must receive expert medical care, especially at the beginning of the illness. | | | Polio is most common in infants and young children, but complications occur most often in older persons. | | | The polio virus attacks the nerve cells that control muscle movements. |
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http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/polio.html
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| | Communicable Disease Fact Sheet |
| | Polio is a viral disease which may affect the central nervous system. | | | Maintaining high levels of polio immunization in the community is the single most effective preventive measure. | | | In exceedingly rare cases, oral polio vaccine has caused paralytic polio in a person who received the vaccine or in a person who was a close contact of a vaccine recipient. |
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http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/polio.htm
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| | UNICEF - Immunization plus - Eradicating polio |
| | Community education work funded by polio donors has boosted basic health and hygiene awareness in the world’s poorest communities. | | | Polio immunization campaigns have become a critical vehicle for delivering other health services to children. | | | A fundamental part of our work includes a drive to increase access to routine immunization against polio and other childhood diseases. |
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http://www.unicef.org/immunization/index_polio.html
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| | Polio History Page |
| | Polio, or more properly poliomyelitis, was one of the most feared and studied diseases of the first half of the 20th Century. | | | The materials provided here should also be quite useful to students doing school reports on polio. | | | Then, in 1955, a breakthrough occurred when, after massive field trials involving nearly two-million children, the Salk vaccine was shown to be effective in preventing the disease. |
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http://www.cloudnet.com/~edrbsass/poliohistorypage.htm
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| | BabyCenter Glossary - P |
| | A condition often associated with infertility, in which a hormonal imbalance prevents the egg-containing follicles on the ovaries from maturing and releasing an egg, instead forming sometimes painful ovarian cysts. | | | A virus that appears in both mild and severe forms; severe forms, characterized by headache, fever, sore throat, and stiffness, may cause crippling, paralysis, and death. | | | The polio vaccine has virtually eliminated polio from the United States, though it still exists in other countries. |
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http://www.babycenter.com/glossary/P.html
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| | Remembering Polio University of Pittsburgh |
| | In some ways, the fear of polio was as terrifying as the disease itself. | | | The initial breakthrough that led to the eventual eradication of polio throughout most of the world is credited to Dr. Jonas Salk and his team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, who developed the first polio vaccine. | | | The most critically ill were confined to a mechanical ventilator known as an iron lung, robbed of their ability to breathe on their own. |
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http://www.polio.pitt.edu
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