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| | Contributions to Zoology |
 | | Pleopods: Exopods of pleopods 3 and 4 almost obliquely rectangular with four to five sensory spines laterally, exopod 5 pointed, bearing two sensory spines laterally, laterodistal hairlike setae inserting on slight protrusions, endopods of pleopd 3 and 4 bilobate with lobes acute, endopod obliquely quadrangular with distal margin lobate ( Figs. | | | Pleopods with few lateral sensory spines on exopodite, male exopodite 1 cordiform, genital papilla with straight margins, apically obtuse. | | | Pleopods: Pleopod protopodites bearing trichiform epipodite; with medial protrusion in pleopod 3, exopodites with few sensory spines laterally, only one in pleopod 2 and 3, endopodites slightly triangular, no respiratory areas discernible in light microscope ( Fig. |
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http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol69/nr03/a03
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| | PATHOGENS |
| | Pleopod II as in pleopod I, except having an outer seta and 4 (instead of 5) obtuse, medial spines on peduncle. | | | Pleopod I (P) carryng 5 obtuse, brush spines and 7 plumose setae on medial surface of peduncle; exopod fringed with plumose marginal setae but endopod having the same ornamentation restricted to medial margin. | | | Pereiopods IV-VII (P) ambulatory; distal ends of merus and carpus armed with simple setae, forked spines, and blunt spines with subterminal flagellum; medial surface of ischium, merus, carpus and propodus bearing various numbers of blunt spines each with subterminal flagellum. |
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http://www.amporn.com/main/path/viewpath.asp?PathID=32
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| | Author:Uwe Kils/biomass3/part1 - Wikisource |
| | In the forward position, the protopodites of the pleopods are almost parallel to the body. | | | During the stretching of the tail against the movement direction, the speed necessarily is lowered somewhat; so this kind of movement is more irregular than pleopod swimming, as the time analysis of speed in fig.16 shows. | | | Front view of a pair of pleopods (schematic) shortly before the begin of a new power stroke during unfolding all structures again |
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http://wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Uwe_Kils/biomass3/part1
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| | Australian Marine Isopoda - Family Database |
| | It consists of the fused coxa and basis of the crustacean limb. | | | On the right mandible, it is replaced by a large spine similar in shape to the more posterior members of the spine row. | | | During copulation, both tubes may form a single channel from the penile papillae to the female's cuticular organ. |
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http://members.optusnet.com.au/buz/Asellota/www/glos.htm
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| | Key To Orconectes |
| | Rostrum with marginal spines of tubercles ( Fig. | | | Cephalic surface of first pleopod with shoulder or distinct bulge ( Figs. | | | Cephalic surface of first pleopod with prominent angular or subangular shoulder ( Fig. |
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http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/Keys/orconectes.htm
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| | Small-scale Biophysical Coupling in Plankton Ecology |
| | Pleopod movement is assessed for tethered E. pacifica: (1) in still water, (2) in water flow simulating natural swimming, and (3) entrained from the flow field of another individual. | | | Interaction of pleopod movements and flow fields of the krill, Euphausia pacifica | | | Implications for the adoption of schooling as a hydromechanically facilitating process are addressed. |
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http://aslo.org/meetings/victoria2002/archive/613.html
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| | ORTMANNICUS |
| | Mesial process of first pleopod lanceolate; caudal process situated lateral to central projection | | | Distal portion of first pleopod bent caudally at no more than 45 degrees, and cephalic process | | | Rostrum without marginal spines; first pleopod with subapical setae situated in cluster caudoproximal |
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http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/Keys/ortmannicus.htm
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| | Mesopodopsis key for Western Indian Ocean |
| | Endopod of uropod with a spine below the statocyst; exopod of third pleopod of male nearly as long as endopod; outer spine of exopod of fourth pleopod of male not divided; lateral margin of telson with two to three spines > Mesopodopsis africana | | | Endopod of uropod without a spine below the statocyst; exopod of third pleopod of male shorter than endopod; outer spine of exopod of fourth pleopod of male subdivided; lateral margin of telson with four spines > Mesopodopsis zeylanica |
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http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~tdeprez/Mysidacea/Keys/Wio/Mesopodopsis.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Bioassays have been developed and compared to assess the potential role of the estuarine amphipod Gammarus duebeni in sub-lethal ecotoxicology studies. | | | Swimming endurance however, showed a clear dose response relationship and was identified as the more consistent technique. | | | Pleopod beat frequency showed a complex response to copper which was concentration and time dependent. |
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http://www.elsevier.com/cdweb/journals/00431354/articles/32/3/S004313549700306.abstract.en
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| | [No title] |
| | Branchhiostegal spine present, situated on, or slightly behind, anterior margin of carapace | | | Branchiostegal spine situated very near to branchiostegal suture. | | | Branchiostegal spine situated some distance below branchiostegal suture. |
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http://www.indian-ocean.org/bioinformatics/prawns/GIF/PALA1.HTM
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| | [No title] |
| | * can the results of the pleopod beating frequency offer an explanation for, or explain, the results for the swimming experiment and the oxygen consumption experiment? | | | * graphically present the effect of different copper concentrations on the rate of pleopod beats and show the |
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http://www.abdn.ac.uk/diss/ltu/pmarston/zoology/virtuallaboratory/laboratory/experiments/pleopod/writeup.txt
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| | Untitled Page |
| | Pleopod 1-4 protopod: lacking acute, laterally directed conical process at point of insertion (0) vs. bearing acute, laterally directed conical process at point of insertion (1). | | | Pleopod 1 protopod: with triangular process at base of endopod (0) vs. lacking triangular process at base of endopod (1). | | | Pleonite 6: basal triangular processes between pleopods lacking (0) vs. with acute triangular process between pleopods (1). |
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http://crustacea.nhm.org/peet/leptostraca/charlist.html
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| | Key to Australian Phreatoicidea (Crustacea, Isopoda) |
| | Eyes vestigial, or absent; mandibular left spine row with first spine separated from remaining spines; male pleopod II endopod appendix masculina proximal shaft ventrally convex or rod-like | | | 17 ( 16). (fig) Eyes present; mandibular left spine row with first spine not separated from remainder of spine row; male pleopod II endopod appendix masculina proximal shaft ventrally concave (forming an elongate trough) | | | Most characters can be determined from the external morphology but a few, like the mandible and the male pleopod, require some dissection. |
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http://www-personal.usyd.edu.au/~buz/phreakey.html
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| | Author:Uwe Kils/biomass3/part2 - Wikisource |
| | The points of contact of the needles were changed until the krill no longer turned, that is until it hung "in balance". | | | The investigations of the flow field while swimming (fig.l0, ll, 12) end the analysis of the pleopod stroke (fig.21) showed that the propulsion force produced by the krill is not, as was to be expected, directed directly backwards, but rather diagonally downwards. | | | A first support towards this hypothesis can be found in the actually observed flow field of the weak pleopod stroke (fig.10), with an average flow angle of ca. |
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http://wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Uwe_Kils/biomass3/part2
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| | KEY TO CRAYFISHES OF THE OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST, ARKANSAS |
| | First pleopod with angular shoulder on cephalic surface. | | | First pleopod lacking angular shoulder on cephalic surface. | | | Cephalic process of first pleopod directed caudally, parallel to mesial process. |
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http://www.fs.fed.us/oonf/cons_ed/craykeyoua.html
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| | Blue Crab Anatomy (Female) |
| | The first article, or coxa, of a pleopod is attached to the body by a soft and flexible articulating membrane (see figure below). | | | The sponge is ventilated by movements of the abdomen and the pleopods. | | | Females have four pairs of pleopods (or swimmerets) on abdominal segments 2 through 5. |
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http://www.blue-crab.org/female_anatomy.htm
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| | IBSS NASU.Sevastopol. S.Ignatyev |
| | The study is based on visual observation and filming of the swimming of euphausiids and analysis of literature data. | | | Swimming speed are 0.4-40 cm/s (0,2-10 body lengths/s) using pleopod swimming and 4-150 cm/s (10-27 body length/s) using caudal swimming. | | | These two types of appendages permit two types of movement by these animals: (1) pleopod swimming, which is the main type of the long-distance swimming used for migrations; and (2) swimming using the caudal appendages, which is fastest type of swimming and is used only for escape. |
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http://www.ibss.iuf.net/people/ignat/ikrill99.html
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| | Subfamily Mysinae |
| | Thoracic endopod 3 strongly thickened and with fused carpo-propodus undivided and armed with spines (Fig.2a); all male pleopods rudimentary; antennal scale ovate and setose all round (Fig 1d); telson cleft (Fig. | | | Thoracic endopods 3-8 with undivided carpus divided from propodus (2-articulated) by an oblique articulation (Fig. | | | Male pleopods 2-5 usually well developed and biramous (Fig. |
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http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/mysids/mysinae.html
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| | Genus key |
| | Pleopod of other form > 7 | | | Antennal scale setose all around; pleopods of male well developed, biramous; Telson without cleft; endopod of uropod armed with spines > 20 | | | Pleopods II-V of male usually well developed and biramous. |
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http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~tdeprez/Mysidacea/Keys/Genus/Genus.html
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| | Google Search: pleopod |
| | Abdominal Tergite and Pleopod Changes in Lithodes aequispinus | | | This study presents the first application of pleopod setagenesis to rock... | | | Analyses of monthly field samples using the above pleopod stages indicated that |
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http://pleopod.networklive.org
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| | Pleopod - Definition of Pleopod by Webster's Online Dictionary |
| | Pleopod - Definition of Pleopod by Webster's Online Dictionary | | | pleopod - one of the paired abdominal appendages of certain aquatic crustaceans that function primarily for carrying the eggs in females and are usually adapted for swimming |
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http://webster-dictionary.org/definition/Pleopod
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| | Freshwater Isopod Anatomy |
| | Use the minuten teasing needle to lift pleopod 1 so you can see pleopod 2. | | | This will reveal a pair of tiny digitiform penes, which are not segmental appendages, and pleopods 1 and 2, which are the external genitalia. | | | Move the last pair of pereopods (legs) out of the way so you can see the anterior end of the ventral abdomen. |
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http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/300isopod2Lab.html
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| | Martina Glanzl |
| | Pleopod use of 5 decapoda species was observed and analysed in order to determine how often and for what purpose crustaceans use their pleopods. | | | A negative correlation between animal size and pleopod use (smaller animal using their pleopods more frequently) is suggested but not statistically supported. | | | Detailed observation according to a general ethogram were made in different situations of the animal. |
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http://unet.univie.ac.at/~a9500535/escience.html
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| | Isopoda: Species of the Asellota - Haplomesus franklinae [Ischnomesidae] |
| | Pleopod II of females midline smoothly convex; in ventral view nearly circular; distal margin convex, distal tip of operculum extending beyond distal margin of lateral fields; plumose setae on margin present. | | | The fusion of pereonites 5–7 with the pleonites and pleotelson, and the stylet of male pleopod 2 not extending beyond the sympod, are two of the characters [that] preliminary phylogenetic analysis [has] shown to be key synapomorphies for this genus (unpubl. | | | Pleopods Pleopod I of males midline nearly completely fused, with only distal incision separating both sides; distal tip truncated; hemiplumose setae on ventral surface absent. |
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http://members.optusnet.com.au/buz/Asellota/www/Hfrank.htm
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| | Nyctiphanes |
| | The furcilia forms were identified by differences in the degree of pleopod development. | | | The sequences that start with the F1 form without pleopods can follow either of the two pathways. | | | Abstract: Variability and patterns of dominance in larval forms of furcilia stages F1 and F2 of the euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex Hansen is described using samples obtained off the southwest coast of Baja California during May, June, August, November 1986 and July 1987 and 1988. |
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http://www.geocities.com/jgomezgu/Bullmar1.html
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| | Decapod anatomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Pleopods (also called swimmerets) are primarily swimming legs, and are also used for brooding the eggs (except in prawns). | | | At the end of the abdomen, a pair of biramous uropods are used for steering, and in the "caridoid escape reaction", along with the telson, which bears the anus. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopod
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| | biotemp |
| | The female "checks out" the male by poking the tips of her claws in his doorway and flicking her antennules repeatedly. | | | The male may be able to sense the female's claws becoming hollow as her muscles shrink to squeeze out of her old shell. | | | The male resumes his intense, turbulent pleopod fanning and begins to consume her molt shell after yet another half hour (F). |
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http://www.lobsters.org/tlcbio/biology10.html
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| | Diseases of Aquatic Organisms: DAO 46:223-229 |
| | The current study describes the development and application of an immunoassay for the detection of antigens of the parasite Hematodinium in the Norway lobster N. | | | , approximately 10 times more sensitive than the pleopod diagnosis method. | | | ABSTRACT: Patent Hematodinium infections of the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus can be detected with a morphological method (pleopod diagnosis), but this fails to identify low-level haemolymph (sub-patent) and any tissue-based (latent) infections. |
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http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v46/n3/p223-229.html
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| | ACCS - Seminars |
| | In this presentation, relations between pleopod beat parameters and task parameters will be presented together with pleopod thrust modelling and some prelimenary PIV flow analysis of thrust production. | | | These results indicate that crayfish use pleopod thrust to manoeuver and to support or even take over from the legs as prime locomotory system, when necessary. | | | From this, a lot has been learned regarding coordination and control in multi-leg systems, but the role of the pleopods (swimmerets) has hardly been addressed so far. |
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http://www.science.uva.nl/research/accs/seminars/nr11-2.html
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| | Key to the Suborders of Isopoda |
| | Uropods modified as a pair of ventral opercula covering the entire pleopodal chamber; males with penes arising on sternum of pleonite 1, or on articulation between pereonite 7 and pleonite 1; mandibular molar process a stout, flattened grinding structure. | | | Body not markedly elongate, length usually less than 4 times width; uropodal exopod not curving over pleotelson; coxae of maxillipeds not fused to head; mandible without lamina dentata; maxillule variable; maxilla well developed, never fused with paragnath | | | Uropods not modified as ventral opercula covering pleopods, but positioned laterally; males with penes arising on sternum of pereonite 7; mandibular molar process usually a thin, bladelike, cutting structure, or absent (flattened only in Sphaeromatidae). |
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http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/crustacea/isopoda/accessory/caguide/suborders.html
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| | TABS Species Account TN00510 |
| | Copulation is initiated when the male "inverts the female and holds her with his body, chela, and telson, and transfers his sperm from the openings of his vasa deferentia to her seminal receptacle by the means of the first two pairs of his swimmerets". | | | The first pleopod terminates in two elements bent at no less than 90 degrees to the principal axis of the shaft of the appendage. | | | The first pleopod has a central projection distinctly longer than the cephalocaudal diameter of the shaft at the base of the projection. |
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http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/tn/TN00510h.htm
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| | Water Science and Technology 34:7-8 (1996) 93-100 - Andrew Lawrence and Carl Poulter - The potential role of the ... |
| | The lower limit of sensitivity of the bioassays developed in this study is yet to be determined. | | | This involved the development of sub-lethal pollution bioassays monitoring respiration rate, swimming efficiency and precopula pairing; assessment of the sensitivity of the assays to copper pollution and comparison of the suitability of the assays. | | | Significant impairment of respiration rate, as measured by changes in pleopod beat, was determined at a copper concentration of 600 |
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http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/03407/wst034070093.htm
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| | Pleopod |
| | This is the definition of the term Pleopod | | | For people who have trouble spelling, this is the defintion of the term Pleopod | | | This is a test ad, modified from what paypal uses |
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http://linkspider.serversystems.net/dictionary/lookup/pleopod
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| | Key To Fallicambarus |
| | Hump on mesial process of first pleopod obscuring part of central projection in lateral aspect | | | Hump on mesial process of first pleopod never obscuring part of central projection in lateral aspect | | | Distal 1/2 of cephalic margin of first pleopod inclined caudally at angle of less than 20 |
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http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/Keys/fallicambarus.htm
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| | Marine Ecology Progress Series: MEPS 250:205-213 |
| | We argue that results of this kind may be useful in attempts to interpret observed demographic distribution patterns in migration studies as well as in studies of krill population dynamics. | | | The moult stage of the animal affects the swimming capacity, with newly moulted krill being weaker swimmers. | | | The method also allows determination of beat rates of the pleopod cycle. |
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http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v250/p205-213.html
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| | FAMILY KEY |
| | Males with 2 pairs of pleopods (often rudimentary) | | | Male with no pleopods or with less than three pairs of pleopods | | | Males with at least three pairs of pleopods |
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http://nature.umesci.maine.edu/Cumacea/key.html
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| | Blue Crab Anatomy (Male) |
| | The second pleopod is much shorter and functions as a piston to push spermatophores through the hollow core of the gonopod. | | | Both function in the transfer of sperm to the female during copulation. | | | It, not the penis, is the interomittent organ used to deliver spermatophores to the female gonopore. |
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http://www.blue-crab.org/male_anatomy.htm
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| | How to tell the sex of a spot prawn: |
| | The pleopod consists of three parts, The base is called the protopod, and attached to this are two more parts. | | | The ones in between the extremes can be either male, female, or in the proces of changing (transitional). | | | In order to tell which stage they are in you need to take a close look at the second pleopod (a good magnifying glass helps!). |
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http://students.washington.edu/lowry/prawns/prawnsex.html
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| | Vanessa's Land Hermit Crab Care 101 |
| | The first stage of Arthropod molting in which the body prepares to shed the exoskeleton. | | | Male land hermit crabs also have pleopods, but they are much smaller and not nearly as hairy. | | | A female crab attaches her eggs to the fine setae on her pleopods using a gluelike substance. |
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http://users.tpg.com.au/users/vanessap/hermit/biology/glossary.html
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| | Species Account - Fallicambarus fodiens |
| | First pleopod without proximomesial spur and lacking cephalic process. | | | First pleopod has two terminal processes that are at right angles to the main pleopod axis, and the primary process is strongly curved and bladelike. | | | Mesial surface of chela of second pereiopod with conspicuous tufts of plumose setae. |
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http://www.fs.fed.us/oonf/cons_ed/fodiens.html
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| | Atlantasellus cavernicolus Sket, 1979 |
| | The 3rd pleopod is not articulated and the endopodit is absent. | | | The 3rd pleopods are strongly sclerotized and have a superficial sculpture with very prominent keels and edges. | | | The inner lobe of the 1st maxilla has only a single long seta distally. |
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http://www.tamug.tamu.edu/cavebiology/fauna/isopods/A_cavernicolus.html
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| | Species Name |
| | A prominent spine on the carpus of the swimming leg, a lighter area on the anterior of the carapace in live specimens, as well as bristles stopping before the tip of the first male pleopod were considered diagnostic traits for C. hellerii. | | | Keys to the 12 species of Charybdis, including C. hellerii, from Australia based on both general features as well as pleopod morphology are available (Stephenson et al 1957). | | | Charybdis vannamei Ward 1941 - could be same species as C. hellerii (Wee and Ng 1995). |
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http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLspec/Charyb_heller.htm
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