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| | Mentorship paper: due April 8, 1998 |
 | | Tolerance is defined as a decreased response to a drug and sensitization is defined as a increased response to a drug over repeated administrations. | | | Behavioral tolerance is when the body does not show the same behavioral effects after chronic usage as it did at the beginning of usage. | | | Tolerance and sensitization are important when studying different drugs and how they affect people because these factors can influence results on how the drugs work, if they are taken over a repeated amount of time. |
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http://alumni.imsa.edu/~danarch/mentor/paper2.html
(2068 words)
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| | Timmons & Hamilton: Drugs, Brains & Behavior -- Ch |
| | At a still more complicated level, behavioral tolerance may enter into the picture, with the organism learning or otherwise adapting to the effects of the drug, such that the behavior is normalized in spite of any prevailing physiological changes that the drug may produce. | | | Tolerance can also be mediated by a change in the sensitivity of the relevant system to the drug or transmitter. | | | The development of tolerance to the effects of a drug poses some of the same problems of interpretation that are encountered in the recovery from brain damage. |
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http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~lwh/drugs/chap09.htm
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| | Internet Alcohol Recovery Center |
| | Innate tolerance: refers to genetically determined sensitivity (or lack of sensitivity) to a drug that is observed on first exposure before there is any experience with the drug. | | | Behavioral Tolerance refers to a change in the response to a drug due to behavioral mechanisms. | | | Conditioned tolerance (situation-specific tolerance) is a learning mechanism that develops when environmental cues such as sights, smells or situations are consistently paired with the administration of a drug. |
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http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/recovery/consumers/library/OBrianCharles.htm
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| | The role of classical and instrumental conditioning in drug tolerance |
| | An experiment which shows that drug tolerance can be conditioned to the environment in which the drug is normally consumed is used to introduce Siegel's classical conditioning model of drug tolerance. | | | This form of behavioural tolerance to the drug effect is thought to involve operant conditioning. | | | Alternatively if tolerance develops becuase of a reduction in reinforcement density the group which has had the opportunity to perform the response under the drug will show superior performance during the test session. |
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http://www.psy.plym.ac.uk/year3/psy337DrugTolerance/drugtolerance.htm
(1972 words)
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| | Marijuana -- Factors Influencing Psychopharmacological Effect |
| | Physiological tolerance implies a, change in the target organ while psychological or "learned tolerance" implies the acquisition of new skills or functions to replace those changed in the target tissue (Kalant et al., 1971). | | | Considerable evidence is accumulating which demonstrates that tolerance does develop in numerous animal species (pigeons, rats, dogs, monkeys, chimpanzees, mice) to the behavioral and physiological effects of marihuana and THC in doses many times larger (from 1 mg. | | | Tolerance developed extremely rapidly so that no effect on behavior was seen after five days. |
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http://www.drugtext.org/library/reports/nc/nc1d.htm
(7155 words)
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| | Nat' Academies Press, Federal Regulation of Methadone Treatment (1995) |
| | When a person repeatedly uses an opiate drug-like heroin, over time, that person becomes tolerant to heroin; that is, he or she requires greater and greater doses of heroin to achieve the same physiological and psychological effects. | | | The concepts of tolerance and dependence are thus fundamental to understanding the physiological aspects of opiate addiction. |
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http://www.nap.edu/books/0309052408/html/37.html
(7529 words)
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| | Links |
| | Temperature and sulfide tolerance in deep-sea hydrothermal vent gastropods | | | A general approach in my research is to combine field measurements of environmental conditions with laboratory investigations that delineate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that enable organisms to respond to environmental challenges. | | | Several investigations are presently underway on the ecology and reproductive biology of vent gastropods, but no physiological investigations, other than my own, have been conducted. |
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http://www.wsu.edu/~rlee
(1997 words)
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| | Saint Anselm Psychology Department Senior Theses |
| | Pain tolerance seems to be heavily influenced not only by biological differences but also by the contexts in which pain is experienced leading to the possibility that levels of pain tolerance are determined by psychological factors. | | | Higher levels of pain tolerance in athletes and their ability to cope well with high stress situations is shown in their ability to cope with pain while still having a successful performance even if they are in extreme pain. | | | These physiological explanations have on focused on addressing the issue of exercise and the release of more endorphins (the bodies’ natural painkiller) into the system to explain the increased pain tolerance levels in athletes (Jessop, 1998; Prokop, 2000). |
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http://www.anselm.edu/internet/psych/theses/seniors2002/tatro
(5451 words)
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| | Mailorder Dead Bride |
| | Cross Tolerance - This occurs when a person has developed tolerance to one drug and then uses another drug for the first time and also experiences a decreased effect of that drug even though they may have never used this particular drug before. | | | In operant conditioning, performance under the influence of a drug shows tolerance if it is positively or negatively reinforced. | | | This suggests the two drugs may be acting on the same physiological mechanisms. |
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http://www.macalester.edu/psychology/whathap/diaries/diariess05/alexis/alexis_3.html
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| | Drug tolerance, central to addiction, responds to learned cues |
| | Drug tolerance makes people need more and more drug to get the same effect, whether pain relief or a "high." Its newly discovered psychological aspect -- in which a drug-predictive cue primes the body to react "as if" the drug effect is imminent -- might be used to treat addiction more effectively. | | | Through its divisions in 53 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 60 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance psychology as a science, as a profession and as a means of promoting human welfare. | | | WASHINGTON — New studies reveal that a learned compensatory response can trigger "drug tolerance," a physiological process central to addiction. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-07/apa-dtc070102.php
(1114 words)
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| | Drugs and the Brain: Ethanol |
| | Following chronic use, there are physiological changes that lead to a requirement for the drug. | | | Ethanol produces a variety of physiological and behavioral effects. | | | Chronic use of high doses of ethanol leads to changes in the brain and behavior. |
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http://www.csusm.edu/DandB/Ethanol.html
(1114 words)
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| | What is Addiction |
| | The majority of individuals that become addicted to opiates develop a physiological dependence that gradually escalates as the body concomitantly builds up tolerance to the physical effects of the drug. | | | Once a pattern of physical dependence is firmly established the addicted patient enters repeated cycles of drug cessation and relapse that can continue throughout his or her lifespan. | | | Abstract: The Need to Redefine Addiction, R.G. Newman MD, M.P.H. Newman examines the debate that surrounds how narcotic addiction should be defined. |
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http://www.opiateaddictionrx.info/facts/facts01.html
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| | Effects of environmental heterogeneity on physiology, feeding ecology and |
| | Additionally, the physiological tolerance of each species to shifts in salinity will be tested under laboratory conditions. | | | In this proposal, I suggest the use of an integrated approach to quantifying habitat quality, which combines laboratory and field manipulations to test for effects of environmental heterogeneity on the physiological response, feeding ecology and interspecific associations of two gobies that exhibit a gradient of resource use across northern Florida Bay. | | | Once gained, this knowledge may be used to characterize patterns of environmental quality in Florida Bay. |
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http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/flbay/schofield.html
(962 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | This report concerned ceratin well-known physiological effects of whole body radiation and offered proposals for biochemical research aimed at increasing the physiological tolerance to ionizing radiations. | | | Methods determining the degree of physiological sensitivity to radiations. | | | Additional study and refinement of the rem and rep concepts, and the arrival at a better correlation between various types of radiation and associated conversion factors. |
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http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet10/brief10/tab_i/br10i3b.txt
(20428 words)
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| | Integrative and Comparative Biology: Evolution of Physiological Tolerance and Performance During Freshwater Invasions1 |
| | Such transitions from saline to freshwater habitats characterize invasion pathways of many recent invertebrate invaders (Jazdzewski, 1980; Taylor and Harris, 1986; Dermott et al., 1998; Lee and Bell, 1999; Vainola and Oulasvirta, 2001; Smith et ai, 2002). | | | Analyzing patterns of reaction norm evolution provides a powerful approach for examining response to environmental change. | | | Invasive species that penetrate habitat boundaries are likely to experience strong selection and rapid evolution. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200306/ai_n9241651
(1145 words)
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| | Minutes 1-16-02 |
| | Relevance of “intoxicated practice” for tolerance development in humans | | | Compensatory response = counters drug effects (physiological and psychological) | | | Pre alcohol reinforcement level à DRINK ALCOHOL à post-alcohol reinforcement level is lower |
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http://www.und.nodak.edu/org/psyclub/16jan02mn.htm
(241 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Evidence to date on the relationship between physiological tolerance and geographic range is limited and inconclusive, and littleno attempt has yet been made to examine the relationship between absolute or latitudinal extent and physiological limits within defined taxonomic assemblages. | | | Species of theThe Hypotheses will be tested by determining key physiological tolerances of large numbers of individuals (n = 20) of each species, collected from refugial central portions of their ranges. | | | This Leverhulme Trust funded project is at the cutting edge of research on insect physiological ecology and will be supervised by Dr David Bilton1 and, Dr John Spicer2 (Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth). |
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http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/files/extranet/docs/JOB/6411SCI.doc
(2075 words)
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| | Pharmlec3 |
| | Withdrawal = physiological changes when drug use is reduced or stopped | | | Cues in anticipation of drug use can elicit compensatory physiological responses to drug effects | | | Specific tolerance (functional changes specifically responding to a drug effect… i.e. |
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http://www.geneseo.edu/~bazzett/Pharm/Pharmlec3.html
(276 words)
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| | Pharmacology to nurses - Drug Tolerance |
| | Withdrawal: is what happens when tolerance occurs in those who have abused a drug, and then that drug is suddenly stopped. | | | Physical Dependence: can be described as an adaptive physiological state that manifests itself by intense physical disturbance when the administration of drug is suspended. | | | Many psychoactive drugs have the ability to increase the rate at which this enzyme system metabolizes a variety of such drugs thereby increasing the speed with which the drugs are eliminated. |
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http://abdellab.sunderland.ac.uk/Lectures/Nurses/Tolerance.html
(567 words)
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| | Abnormal Psychology |
| | Physical Dependence (or Addiction): When certain drugs are ingested for an extended period of time, the body habituates to the particular substance - a tolerance is developed. | | | Some of it is immediately absorbed through the stomach lining, the rest through the intestines, into the blood. | | | These symptoms often include physiological tolerance to the drug, and withdrawal reactions when the drug is not available. |
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http://ub-counseling.buffalo.edu/Abpsy/lecture20.html
(2326 words)
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| | Drug tolerance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The body is conditioned to respond to environmental cues such as the sight of a needle, and actually produces the beginnings of physiological responses before the drug is introduced. | | | Tachyphylaxis is a medical term referring to the rapid development of drug tolerance. | | | In addicted patients, the resulting pattern of uncontrolled escalating doses may lead to drug overdose. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_tolerance
(278 words)
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| | EGCRC: Jennifer L. Whistler - Current Research |
| | Elucidating these mechanisms could lead to the development of new therapies for the management of important side effects of opioid analgesia, thereby significantly improving the treatment of chronic pain. | | | Our work and the work of others have demonstrated that signaling via dopamine, ethanol, cannabinoids and serotonin also show this biphasic cellular response, suggesting this phenomenon may underlie physiological changes associated with addiction to many drugs of abuse. | | | While opiates such as morphine remain the analgesic of choice, a major limitation to their long-term use is the development of physiological tolerance, a profound decrease in analgesic effect observed in all patients during prolonged administration of opiate drug. |
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http://www.egcrc.org/pis/whistler-r.htm
(665 words)
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| | CHEST: Tolerance to beta-2-agonists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| | Several studies have confirmed that cardiovascular, metabolic and leukocyte responses to [beta]-agonists, as well as the density of [Beta]-receptors in circulating leukocytes, are reduced after long-term adrenergic bronchodilator therapy, indicating a degree of tolerance to [beta]-adrenergic stimulation. | | | Tolerance to beta-2-agonists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | | | CHEST: Tolerance to beta-2-agonists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n2_v97/ai_13228124
(1265 words)
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| | CSIRO PUBLISHING - Australian Journal of Agricultural Research |
| | Regression analysis indicated that absolute tolerance contributed more to productivity in saline conditions than physiological tolerance. | | | There was no evidence, either from experimental manipulation of rate of development, or from regression analysis amongst genotypes, that rapid development was linked with salinity tolerance. | | | This is the reverse of the usual situation. |
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http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/40/paper/AR9880759.htm
(241 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Based on physiologic considerations and observations in animal experiments, a serious concern was raised: that repeated exposures to increased radial acceleration forces (+Gz) might have a deleterious effect on the pilot's heart. | | | Impact Head Injury: Responses, Mechanisms, Tolerance, Treatment and Countermeasures | | | This involves understanding and ensuring the physical, physiological, psychological and cognitive compatibility among military personnel, technological systems, missions, and environments. |
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http://www.rta.nato.int/HFM.htm
(1363 words)
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| | "Alcoholism and Addiction Treatment at Lakeside-Milam Recovery Centers" |
| | However, the drug addiction process is more rapid for alcoholics. | | | A complete, continuous abstinence from alcohol and other mind and mood-altering drugs. | | | In the event a physiological tolerance to alcohol has been established, there is an instantaneous ability to withstand the effects of other drugs that are pharmacologically similar to alcohol. |
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http://www.lakesidemilam.com/tregtb.htm
(380 words)
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| | Stillman |
| | My research focuses on understanding the physiological adaptations that organisms have made in response to environmental stresses. | | | Stillman, J.H. The evolutionary history and adaptive significance of secondary respiratory structures in intertidal crabs: relationships with body size and vertical distribution. | | | I study the causes and consequences of these adaptations using a wide range of tools and on all levels of biological organization – from molecular to organismal to ecological. |
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http://www.sfsu.edu/~biology/pages/gpages/stillmang.html
(498 words)
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| | Alcohol |
| | (2) BEHAVIOR TOLERANCE - A set of adaptive behavioral skills employed by experienced drug users to appear not to be under the influence of drugs. | | | (4) CROSS TOLERANCE - The development of physiological tolerance for any one drug automatically results in tolerance for all drugs in that class. | | | Alcohol is not an aphrodisiac (physiologically alcohol does not increase sexual arousal or pleasure. |
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http://webpages.charter.net/rfhale/alcohol.htm
(8986 words)
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| | IFEM - Robert Gelfand, M.E.E. |
| | Human tolerance and physiological responses to exercise while breathing oxygen at 2.0 ATA. | | | Effects of uncommon and synthetic respiratory environments on physiological functions in general and respiratory functions in particular; physiology of respiratory control. | | | Physiologic and toxic manifestations of hyperoxia in man. Effects of hypoxia at rest and in exercise on perceptual, cognitive, psychomotor and physiological functions. |
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http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/ifem/rg.htm
(265 words)
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| | "Tolerance" website - Stormfront White Nationalist Community |
| | 1 : to exhibit physiological tolerance for (as a drug) | | | 2 a : sympathy or indulgence for beliefs or practices differing from or conflicting with one's own b : the act of allowing something : TOLERATION | | | Still, considering that every other meaning of the words "tolerance" and "tolerate" involve putting up with something which would normally be considered adverse. |
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http://www.stormfront.org/forum/showthread.php?t=53919
(893 words)
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| | Drugs and Behavior |
| | Tuesday: Basic terminology and principles of drug use and abuse: Chapter 1. | | | Principles of action and categorical analysis of psychoactive drugs; their physiological, psychological, and societal effects; patterns and causes of their use and abuse in individuals and societies; and systems of drug education. | | | identify drugs by their physiological, psychological, and social effects on human beings, and |
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http://campus.houghton.edu/orgs/psychology/Drugnbhpm05.htm
(2161 words)
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| | Increased blood vessel density provides the mole rat physiological tolerance to its hypoxic subterranean habitat -- ... |
| | Increased blood vessel density provides the mole rat physiological tolerance to its hypoxic subterranean habitat -- Avivi et al., 10.1096/fj.04-3414fje -- The FASEB Journal | | | We demonstrate here that due to physiological differences, the Spalax muscle regulatory mechanism for VEGF is different than in Rattus muscle. | | | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that is critical for angiogenesis during development and is found in response to tissue ischemia. |
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http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/abstract/04-3414fjev1
(394 words)
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| | Botany 2005 - Abstract Search |
| | Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes; a reflection of the primitive condition in plants? | | | The evolution and ecology of desiccation tolerance in mosses | | | Presentations for Program:: Dessication Tolerance in Bryophytes and Lichens |
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http://www.2005.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=program&program=19
(284 words)
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| | Physiological tolerance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It is also commonly encountered in pharmacology (see drug tolerance), when a subject's reaction to a drug (such as a painkiller or intoxicant) decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect. | | | In physiology, tolerance occurs when an organism builds up a resistance to the effects of a substance after repeated exposure. | | | This can occur with environmental substances such as salt or pesticides. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiological_tolerance
(103 words)
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| | Xanax or Toprol--what's the real difference? |
| | Such physiological dependence may lead to outright abuse and addictive behavior, although this is not always the case. | | | The possibility of your developing physiological dependence (tolerance and withdrawal symptoms) may be less for people taking intermediate half-life anti-anxiety agents such as lorazepam (Ativan), although doctors may have some very good reasons for selecting short-acting agents. | | | Please consult your physician for diagnostic and treatment options pertaining to your specific medical condition. |
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http://www.medhelp.org/forums/addiction/archive/103.html
(613 words)
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| | Erowid Kava Vault : Journal Article #5 |
| | However, even under these conditions, there was no tolerance evident within 3 weeks, when the experiment was terminated. | | | To try to induce learned (behaviourally acquired) tolerance a dose of 166 mg/kg kava resin was injected daily and animals were tested each day while under the influence of the drug. | | | In a further experiment the dose was raised to 150 mg/kg twice daily and this schedule caused partial tolerance to occur within 3 weeks, but very little further tolerance developed over the ensuing 2-week period. |
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http://www.erowid.org/plants/kava/kava_journal5.shtml
(297 words)
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| | Mycorrhizal Citations |
| | The greater effectiveness of G. deserticola in improving water deficit tolerance was associated with the lowest level of growth reduction (9%) under stress conditions. | | | Romana) to drought stress differed,vith the arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal isolate with which the plants were associated. | | | Seven fungal species belonging to the genus Glomus were studied for their ability to enhance the drought tolerance of lettuce plants. |
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http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/latest/1995/95_ruizl2.htm
(338 words)
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| | IPY: International Polar Year |
| | However, community structure is determined by productivity rather than species identities. | | | Polar environments are at the extreme end of gradients of physiological tolerance and production, with these two parameters constraining both the species richness and the community structures that can persist at the highest latitudes. | | | Physiological tolerance has so far been the main descriptor of high latitude communities. |
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http://www.ipy.org/development/eoi/details.php?id=753
(924 words)
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