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| | Phenotype - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | A phenotype is any detectable characteristic of an organism (i.e., structural, biochemical, physiological and behavioral) determined by an interaction between its genotype and environment (see genotype-phenotype distinction and phenotypic plasticity for a further elaboration of this distinction). | | | The phenotype of an individual organism is either its total physical appearance and constitution or a specific manifestation of a trait, such as size, eye color, or behavior that varies between individuals. | | | The interaction between genotype and phenotype has often been described using a simple equation: |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype
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| | The Genotype/Phenotype Distinction |
| | The phenotype is the descriptor of the phenome, the manifest physical properties of the organism, its physiology, morphology and behavior. | | | The distinction that is made between genotype and phenotype is made necessary by the separation of causal pathways that lead on the one hand to the passage of information about organisms between successive generations, and, on the other, to the growth and development of an organism within a generation from conception to death. | | | The distinction between phenotype and genotype is fundamental to the understanding of heredity and development of organisms. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/genotype-phenotype
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| | Phenotype |
| | This point is not entirely academic: Understanding of the mechanisms of aneuploidy may be generalizable to other conditions. | | | The authors suggest that this case, like others in the literature, support the notion that no one region of chromosome 18 is sufficient to produce the classical phenotype. | | | Lastly, and probably most importantly, a firm definition of the phenotype of classical trisomy 18 has not been reached. |
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http://www.trisomy.org/info/html/phenotype.htm
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| | Genotype-phenotype distinction Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com |
| | The concept of phenotypic plasticity describes the degree to which an organism's phenotype is determined by its genotype. | | | The phenotype of an organism, on the other hand, represents its actual physical properties, such as height, weight, hair color, and so on. | | | Van Buskirk and B. Schmidt, "Predator-induced Phenotypic Plasticity in Larval Newts: Trade-offs, Selection, and Variation in Nature," Ecology 81 (2000): 3009-3028. |
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http://wikiwhat.com/encyclopedia/g/ge/genotype_phenotype_distinction.html
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| | The Virtual Phenotype |
| | Also, the virtual phenotype may place undue emphasis on using genotypes to predict phenotype, rather than treatment outcome. | | | This information is then used to estimate the likely phenotype of the patient's virus. | | | A third approach to resistance testing is the "virtual" phenotype. |
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http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/hiv_and_aids/test/lab1g.html
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| | Genotype and Phenotype |
| | Phenotype refers to an individual's anatomical structure,physiology and behaviour. | | | The point of this example is not to suggest that we should not seek to improve our childrens' environment, but to suggest that we need to be aware that outcomes may not always be as expected. | | | Incidentally the phenotypes in his hypothetical example have been given very high IQs in order to turn-up the 'ethical screws'. |
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http://salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk/year3/psyc364evolutionary_psychobiology/psy364_genotype_phenotype/psy364_genotype_phenotype.htm
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| | BioLogica, Genotype to Phenotype Web Lab |
| | This activity explores the relationship between genotype and phenotype, using both sex-linked and autosomal dominant and recessive traits. | | | By manipulating alleles (genotype), you create corresponding changes in the dragon's physical appearance (phenotype). |
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http://biologica.concord.org/webtest1/web_labs_genophenotype.htm
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| | AEGiS-03CROI: Reversion of SI phenotype to NSI in patients with HIV-1 infection. |
| | This reversion of phenotype from SI to NSI was only transient and was not observed in patients receiving zidovudine or no antiretroviral therapy. | | | Out of 52 positive patients 14 had SI phenotype isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes. | | | Reproduction of this abstract (other than one copy for personal reference) must be cleared through the Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health. |
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http://www.aegis.com/conferences/CROI/1996/498.html
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| | Phenotypic Evolution: A Reaction Norm Perspective - Sinauer Associates, Inc. |
| | Phenotypic Evolution explicitly recognizes organisms as complex genetic-epigenetic systems developing in response to changing internal and external environments. | | | As a key to a better understanding of how phenotypes evolve, the authors have developed a framework that centers on the concept of the Developmental Reaction Norm. | | | As a result, these different perspectives have not been integrated into a satisfying cohesive view of phenotypic evolution. |
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http://www.sinauer.com/detail.php?id=7994
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| | Phenotype Resistance Testing News Articles |
| | Predicting the Response to Didanosine Using Phenotypic Susceptibility | | | Transmitted Drug Resistance Does Not Have a Long-term Impact on the Natural History of HIV infection or Response to First-line Therapy | | | Impact of Drug Levels and Baseline Genotype and Phenotype on the Virologic Response to Amprenavir/Ritonavir-based Salvage Regimens |
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http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/recent/test/phenotype/1.html
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| | Linking Phenotype to Genotype |
| | The ability to correlate clinical phenotype with genotype will give highly validated targets for drug discovery, improve the models that are used for drug testing, and provide rationale for improved clinical trial designs. | | | Case studies and the latest approaches will be highlighted that give clear examples of linking genotype with clinical conditions and the reverse process of using small molecules to probe genotype. | | | Therefore, it seems logical to further develop this strategy as a valid methodology for the study of other diseases such as cancer. |
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http://www.healthtech.com/2003/ptg/index.asp
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| | Introduction to Quantitative Genetics |
| | Furthermore, the number of phenotypes that result from a specific genotype will be reduced further if epistatic interactions between several loci affects the phenotype. | | | As you might imagine,the field of quantiative genetics also studies other aspects of quantitative traits. | | | Other genetic interactions such as dominance or epistasis also affect the phenotype. |
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http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc431/quantgen/qgen2.htm
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| | The Extended Phenotype |
| | Similarly the vision of life that I advocate, and label with the name of the extended phenotype, is not provably more correct than the orthodox view. | | | The extended phenotype may not constitute a testable hypothesis in itself, but it so far changes the way we see animals and plants that it may cause us to think of testable hypotheses that we would otherwise never have dreamed of. | | | The conventional phenotype is a special case in which the effects are regarded as being confined to the individual body in which the gene sits. |
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http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/dawkins/WorldOfDawkins-archive/Dawkins/Work/Books/extend.shtml
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| | Phenotype, genotype and environment |
| | The interaction is important in extreme conditions, but most of the time the additive model is sufficient to study a common population. | | | Therefore it is more appropriate to describe the phenotype as a function of the genotype and the environment. | | | Generally it is a fact that the phenotype of an animal is determined by its genotype and its environment. |
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http://www.kursus.kvl.dk/shares/vetgen/_Popgen/genetics/1/1/sld009.htm
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| | Rhesus D-Phenotype Does Not Provide Prognostic Information... |
| | The Rh D phenotype did not affect survival independently either in univariate analysis (P =.27) or in multivariate analysis (P =.55). | | | The cumulative 5-year survival rate (95% confidence interval) was 37.3% (18.1-56.6) in patients with Rh- phenotype and 47.0% (39.2-54.4) in patients with Rh+ phenotype. | | | ABSTRACT: Recently, the Rhesus D-negative phenotype was identified in multivariate analysis as an important independent risk factor in gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection. |
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http://www.cancerprev.org/Journal/Issues/25/2/3118
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| | Phenotype Photos. |
| | A cluster does not have to emerge from the same point to show the same phenotypes. | | | This is also demonstrated by the wide variety of variations and the gradations between them. | | | A phenotype is a group of morels that grow out from a mycelial mass that originated from one ascospore. |
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http://nov55.com/mr/ph.html
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| | Genetics Glossary P |
| | The process of gradual evolutionary change over time. | | | Environmental condition under which a conditional mutation shows the wild-type phenotype. | | | Used to describe a situation in which the phenotype expressed by a gene is altered by changes in the position of the gene within the genome. |
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http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/glossary/p.htm#p
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| | Microarrays as phenotype |
| | Others who participated in the research included Drs. | | | Shaulsky and his co-authors performed their work in Dictyostelium (Dictyostelium discoideum), a form of soil amoeba used in the laboratory because many of its 10,000 genes are homologues or equivalents of genes found in humans. | | | This means the microarray provides a good phenotype that is quantitative. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-04/bcom-map040805.php
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| | Information about Bison Markers, Bison Phenotype & Fertility |
| | We will need to temper our measurement with some common sense and consider parentage and phenotype in addition to Bison markers. | | | Bison hybrid animals tend to have fertility problems if there is significant Bison phenotype. | | | In addition, I will set down my thoughts on where Beefalo should be headed in order to get the support and cooperation of the State Schools in solving the fertility problems, in promoting Beefalo, and at the same time, allowing Beefalo to grow into the major breed that I think it should be. |
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http://www.beefalobeef.com/markers.htm
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| | ARS Publication request: CORRELATION OF PHENOTYPE WITH GENOTYPE OF EGG-CONTAMINATING SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR ... |
| | This research impacts our understanding of how bacteria evolve to cause food borne illness in humans. | | | Phenotype MicroArray analysis indicated that the three strains had similar growth profiles at 37°C. In contrast, wild-type S. enteritidis PT13A grew significantly better in 20% more growth conditions at 25°C than did the biofilm-forming PT13A strain. | | | Thus, some strains of S. enteritidis may express two phenotypes from a single genome, whereas others have specialized and express only one. |
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http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=171029
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| | Gale Schools - Lesson Plans - Secondary: Science - Genetics |
| | New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003, to learn more about genetic counselors and the importance of their role in predicting genetic outcomes in certain families | | | Give the students a list of genetic terms to define such as: genotype, phenotype, heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive, pedigree, etc. as they read through the Science Resource Center reference: Lerner, K. Lee. | | | Have students collect at least six symbols from resource: Eubanks, Sonja Rene, MS, CGC. |
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http://www.galeschools.com/lesson_plans/secondary/science/genetics.htm
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| | The Extended Phenotype - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Dawkins considers the concept of the Extended Phenotype to be his principle contribution to evolutionary theory. | | | Dawkins develops this idea by pointing to the effect that a gene may have on an organism's environment through that organism's behaviour, citing as examples caddis houses and beaver dams. | | | In the main portion of the book, arguing that the only thing which genes control directly is the synthesis of proteins, Dawkins points to the arbitrariness of restricting the idea of the phenotype to apply only to the phenotypic expression of an organism's genes in its own body. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Extended_Phenotype
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| | PHENOTYPE |
| | The phenotype of an organism is contrasted with its genotype on grounds that the former concerns its concrete physical existence in an observer's domain whereas the latter concerns the genetic make-up which that organism inherited and which accounted for its embryogenesis and development. |
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http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/PHENOTYPE.html
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| | Genotype & Phenotype |
| | Definitions: phenotype is the constellation of observable traits; genotype is the genetic endowment of the individual. | | | Phenotype = genotype + development (in a given environment). | | | The genome in which a genotype is found can affect the expression of that genotype, and the environment can affect the phenotype. |
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http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BIO48/5.Geno.Pheno.HTML
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| | Phenotype |
| | The physical characteristics (observable structure, function or behavior) of an organism that result from its genetic code. | | | Natural selection operates directly on the phenotype and therefore only indirectly, by way of the phenotype, on the genotype. |
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http://www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Phenotype
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| | Evolution 101: Genotype versus Phenotype |
| | A change in the environment also can affect the phenotype. | | | However, since an organism’s genotype generally affects its phenotype, the phenotypes that make up the population are also likely to change. | | | An organism’s phenotype is all of its observable characteristics—which are influenced both by its genotype and by the environment. |
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http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIIA1Genotypevsphenotype.shtml
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| | genome.gov Talking Glossary: "phenotype" |
| | Dr. Robert Nussbaum, of the National Human Genome Research Institute's Laboratory of Genetic Disease Research, defines phenotype. | | | The observable traits or characteristics of an organism, for example hair color, weight, or the presence or absence of a disease. |
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http://www.genome.gov/glossary.cfm?key=phenotype
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| | phenotype - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about phenotype |
| | The phenotype is not a direct reflection of the genotype because some alleles are masked by the presence of other, dominant alleles (see dominance). | | | The phenotype is further modified by the effects of the environment (for example, poor nutrition stunts growth). |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/phenotype
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| | Archaeology Wordsmith |
| | It is all the apparent characteristics of an organism, such as shape, size, color, and behavior, that result from the interaction of its genotype (total genetic heritage) with the living environment. | | | The common type of A Group of physically similar organisms is sometimes also known as the phenotype. | | | Individuals of different genotypes can thus manifest similar phenotypical characteristics. |
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http://www.reference-wordsmith.com/cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=phenotype
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| | Phenotype-based cloning |
| | Further genetic manipulation may be needed after the initial tagging event to assure that the tag is indeed associated with the mutant phenotype. | | | When a transposable element transposes, it often integrates itself in genes, causing mutations that can be recognized by phenotype. | | | DNAs such as transposable elements and T-DNA that integrate into the chromosomal DNA can create mutations by interruption of the gene in which they insert. |
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http://opbs.okstate.edu/~melcher/MG/MGW4/MG414.html
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| | What are Blood Types? |
| | Phenotype refers to the characteristics of that trait an individual displays. | | | Genotype refers the actual genes an individual possesses that determine a particular trait. | | | phenotype can be easily understood in the case of blood type. |
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http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm
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| | Cafe Hayek: Markets: An Extended Phenotype |
| | According to dictionary.com, a phenotype is "The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences." Or, as Dawkins puts it in his just-released The Ancestor’s Tale, "A ‘phenotype’ is that which is influenced by genes." | | | In The Extended Phenotype, Dawkins pointed out that phenotypes are not limited to things attached to bodies. | | | His 1982 book, The Extended Phenotype, is vintage Dawkins – drawing profound and previously unthought of connections out of rather ordinary observations. |
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http://cafehayek.typepad.com/hayek/2005/02/markets_an_exte.html
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| | Model For A Monohybrid Cross Exhibiting Simple Dominance |
| | Consider for example a monohybrid trait for which two phenotypes are known. | | | The results obtained from these crosses may or may not provide insight into the genetic control of the traits under study. | | | The above examples form the basis for understanding the inheritance of traits that exhibit a simple dominance/recessive relationship. |
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http://biology.wsc.ma.edu/biology/courses/concepts/labs/mendel/monocross.html
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| | Clinical Trial: Genotype - Phenotype Correlations of LINCL |
| | This proposed clinical protocol is designed to assess genotype – phenotype correlations of LINCL, including a preliminary assessment regarding the genotype – phenotype correlations of progressive CNS deterioration inherent to this disorder. | | | Of these, we anticipate that approximately two-thirds will not be entered into the proposed gene therapy protocol and thus approximately n=20 will be available for this study to be reassessed at 1 year. | | | In a separate protocol the Department of Genetic Medicine is proposing to carry out a study using gene transfer to treat the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL), a fatal, rare, recessive disorder of the (CNS) in children. |
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http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00151268?order=3
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| | Modern Human Variation: Bombay Phenotype |
| | This seemingly impossible phenotype result has been referred to as a | | | It is important to be cautious in predicting the ABO blood type of children based on the phenotypes of their parents. | | | For a more in-depth biochemical explanation of what the ABO alleles are actually doing to cause the ABO blood types, refer to the Related Internet Sites section of this tutorial. |
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http://anthro.palomar.edu/blood/Bombay_pheno.htm
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| | Mendelian Genetics Practice Problem Solutions |
| | Another way to look at it: in order to be diseased and B, recombination must have occurred and since the chance of recombination is 11%, the chance of being B and diseased is 11%. | | | LESSON: In general, given 2 alleles, A1 and A2, each with a different phenotype as a homozygote, there are three formal possibilities for the heterozygote: | | | Cross 2: long X long gives some long and some short - a likely model is that the long allele has the dominant phenotype. |
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http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/mg/solutions.html
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| | Genotype---->Phenotype |
| | Each of the steps and the RNA and protein processing reactions rely on signal elements within the informational molecule to signal the correct copying or processing. | | | In the flow of information from genotype to phenotype, two steps require the copying of nucleotide sequence information into a different form. | | | Mature proteins contribute to phenotype in many ways: |
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http://opbs.okstate.edu/~melcher/MG/MGW2/MG2.html
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| | MGI_3.43 - Phenotype Classification Terms |
| | We seek your input on the usefulness of these phenotype classification terms and encourage experts, in particular those in systems and diseases, to participate in developing the full hierarchy of phenotype terms. | | | These terms are applied to phenotypes in the Mouse Genome Database (MGD) and assist in searching, grouping, comparing, and analyzing phenotype data. | | | Many of the Mutagenesis Centers also use these terms. |
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http://www.informatics.jax.org/userdocs/phenoslim.shtml
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| | P |
| | Study of the processes occurring in living organisms. | | | The production by a single gene of more than one effect on the phenotype. | | | Terminal bud of a plant embryo, usually consisting of embryonic leaves and the epicotyl. |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/P.html
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| | Dogo Canario Club of America - Phenotype Guide - Index |
| | We hope that you will develop both an understanding of typical breed features as well as serious faults of the breed, including how to identify a dog of impure breeding. | | | These pages are designed to be a guide in the understanding of correct and incorrect phenotype in the Dogo Canario though the use of illustrations and photographs where applicable. | | | This space will have a new feature each month. |
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http://www.dogocanarioclub.org/phenotype_guide/phenotype_index.htm
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