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| Â | FDA Report on the Risk from Pentobarbital in Dog Food |
 | | Pentobarbital seems to be able to survive the rendering process. | | | However, to get to the exposure level of 50 micrograms of pentobarbital per day, which is the highest level at which no biological response was seen, a dog would have to consume between 5 to 10 micrograms of pentobarbital per kilogram of body weight. | | | During the 1990s, FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) received reports from veterinarians that pentobarbital, an anesthetizing agent used for dogs and other animals, seemed to be losing its effectiveness in dogs. |
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http://www.judyshealthcafe.com/articles/fdapento.html
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| Â | pentobarbital - [Medication] |
| | Pentobarbital is used to treat insomnia (for up to 2 weeks) and to induce sleep before surgery. | | | Pentobarbital is habit forming, which means that you can become addicted to it. | | | Your pharmacist has more information about pentobarbital written for health professionals that you may read. |
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http://www.peacehealth.org/kbase/multum/d00335a1.htm
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| Â | General Statement Regarding Euthanasia Methods for Dogs and Cats HSI Electronic Library |
| | Employees must be able to cope emotionally with euthanizing large numbers of animals while maintaining a concern for the well-being of each individual dog or cat. | | | The term "euthanasia" is derived from Greek, meaning "good death." In order to be humane, every euthanasia technique must result in painless, rapid unconsciousness, followed by cardiac or respiratory arrest, and ultimately death. | | | This method, when properly performed, has been found to be the most humane, safest, least stressful, and most professional choice by The HSUS, The American Humane Association, and the American Veterinary Medical Association. |
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http://www.hsus2.org/international/library/euthanasia_statement.html
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| Â | Pentobarbital Sodium |
| | Drug Interactions - Most clinically significant interactions have been documented in humans with phenobarbital, however, these intreactions may also be of significance in animals receiving pentobarbital, especially with chronic therapy. | | | Until this interaction is further clarified, it is suggested that lidocaine-induced seizures in dogs be treated initially with diazepam. | | | Forced alkaline diuresis is of little benefit for this drug. |
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http://www.elephantcare.org/Drugs/pentobar.htm
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| Â | Long-term consequences of repeated pentobarbital anaesthesia on choice reaction time performance in ageing rats -- ... |
| | Long-term consequences of repeated pentobarbital anaesthesia on choice reaction time performance in ageing rats -- Blokland et al. | | | Long-term consequences of repeated pentobarbital anaesthesia on choice reaction time performance in ageing rats | | | Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht Brain and Behaviour Institute, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands*Corresponding author: Faculty of Psychology, Section Neurocognition, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands |
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http://bja.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/87/5/781
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| Â | MedlinePlus Drug Information: Pentobarbital Oral and Rectal |
| | This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. | | | It also is used as a sedative to relieve anxiety and induce sleep before surgery. | | | tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to pentobarbital, aspirin, tartrazine (a yellow dye in some processed foods and drugs), or any other drugs. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682416.html
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| Â | Structural domains of the human GABAA receptor beta3 subunit involved in the actions of pentobarbital -- Serafini et ... |
| | Therefore, to interpret observations we have also attempted to distinguish changes in affinity from changes in pentobarbital efficacy. | | | The non-conducting conformation is rapidly reversible and is called 'blocked' to distinguish it from the desensitized state where no rebound current is observed and the recovery from the non-conducting state is far slower. | | | We will present the results in two parts: a descriptive characterization of whole-cell responses followed by an interpretation of the differences in pentobarbital evoked-responses observed between |
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http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/524/3/649
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| Â | SODIUM PENTOBARBITAL |
| | In 2000 I became aware that the Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA/CVM) had begun testing dry commercial dog food for levels of this drug. | | | Sodium pentobarbital is a drug, a barbiturate, which is used primarily to euthanize dogs and cats. | | | According to the FDA/CVM they had received reports from veterinarians "that pentobarbital, an anesthetizing agent used for dogs and other animals, seemed to be losing its effectiveness in dogs." |
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http://members.rogers.com/anmartin1/cvm.html
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| Â | Euthanasia Agents containing Pentobarbital |
| | Inform client observing euthanasia, that animal may give a terminal gasp after becoming unconscious. | | | For therapeutic uses (other than euthanasia) of pentobarbital, see the main pentobarbital monograph for this agent. | | | The suggested dose for euthanasia in dogs and cats is: 0.22 ml/kg body weight IV. |
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http://www.elephantcare.org/Drugs/euthanas.htm
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| Â | Study Finds Euthanasia Agent in Pet Foods |
| | These samples could neither be classified as positive or negative. | | | While the desire to measure the possible long-term effects of sodium pentobarbital exposure is understandable, the study conducted was inadequate to meet that goal. | | | It is also worth pointing out that given that this study was initiated due to an observable reaction to the drug (i.e. |
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http://www.animalarkshelter.org/animal/ArkArticles.nsf/0/8f0f7b72890632fc86256b7b005e97fe?OpenDocument
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| Â | AllRefer Encyclopedia - barbiturate (Pharmacology) - Encyclopedia |
| | Barbiturates are used to relax patients before surgery, as anticonvulsants, and as sleeping pills. | | | Secobarbital (Seconal) and pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) are short-acting barbiturates, amobarbital (Amytal) is intermediate in duration of action, and phenobarbital (Luminal) is a long-acting derivative. |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/B/barbitur.html
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| Â | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Drug abuse and dependence |
| | These drugs have a stimulating effect and can produce tolerance. | | | Central nervous system depressants include barbiturates (amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital), benzodiazepine (Valium, Ativan, Xanax), chloral hydrate, and paraldehyde. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001522.htm
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| Â | Pentobarbital |
| | It is also used to reduce intracranial pressure and lower cerebral oxygen demand in patients with severe head trauma, Reye’s syndrome, or anoxic brain damage. | | | This produces blood concentrations ranging from 5000-112000 ng/mL (average 35000). |
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http://www.sdrl.com/druglist/pentobarbital.html
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| Â | Nembutal Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Pentobarbital - RxList Monographs |
| | Nembutal Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Pentobarbital - RxList Monographs | | | Other reported reactions: Headache, injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions (angioedema, skin rashes, exfoliative dermatitis), fever, liver damage, megaloblastic anemia following chronic phenobarbital use. | | | Daily administration in excess of 400 milligrams (mg) of pentobarbital or secobarbital for approximately 90 days is likely to produce some degree of physical dependence. |
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http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/pentob_ad.htm
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| Â | Anxiety |
| | They include such drugs as phenobarbital (Luminal) and pentobarbital (Nembutal). | | | Barbiturates work by slowing down the transmission of nerve impulses from the brain to other parts of the body. |
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http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00038160.html
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| Â | Pentobarbital |
| | Anticonvulsant —Amobarbital (parenteral only); Mephobarbital; Metharbital; Pentobarbital (parenteral only); Phenobarbital; Secobarbital (parenteral only) | | | Sedative-hypnotic —Amobarbital; Aprobarbital; Butabarbital; Pentobarbital; Phenobarbital (parenteral only); Secobarbital |
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http://www.healthtouch.com/bin/EContent_HT/drugShowLfts.asp?fname=usp0514.htm&title=Pentobarbital&cid=HT
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| Â | Euthanasia |
| | Restraint – intramuscular preanaesthesia with ketamine at 20 mg/kg body weight. | | | When fully unconscious, 120 mg/kg of pentobarbital (2-3 ml / 4.5 kg of Euthanyl pentobarbital 240 mg/ml) is administered by intravenous or intracardiac injection. | | | Alternatively, 2-3 ml/4.5 kg Euthanyl may be injected intracardiac while the animal is anaesthetized. |
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http://www.acc.ubc.ca/SOP/SOPeuthp.html
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| Â | Animal Protection Institute - Selecting a Commercial Pet Food |
| | Meat from sick animals may be loaded with drugs, some of which are known to pass unchanged through all the processing done to create a finished pet food (such as penicillin and pentobarbital). | | | Between 1995 and 1999, there were two major recalls of dry dog food by different manufacturers due to mold contamination of grain ingredients. | | | One potential problem with commercial pet food is pesticide residues, antibiotics, and molds contained in pet food ingredients. |
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http://www.api4animals.org/doc.asp?ID=689
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| Â | Dog Food Survey Results |
| | Survey #1, pentobarbital, dog food, Survey #2, study | | | Dry dog food samples purchased in Laurel, MD, area, March - June 1998 | | | ppb = parts-per-billion pentobarbital, by weight (nanograms per gram) |
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http://www.fda.gov/cvm/efoi/dfchart.htm
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| Â | Request a Reprint |
| | Grau, J. W., *Illich, P. A., **Burks, K. D., and Meagher, M. Influence of shock severity on the activation of analgesic systems in pentobarbital treated rats. | | | Grau, J. W., **Burks, K., **Kallina, C. F., *King, T. E., and Meagher, M. Activation of the opioid and nonopioid antinociceptive systems in pentobarbital anesthetized rats: Assessing the role of shock severity. |
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http://meagherlab.tamu.edu/ReprintRequest.html
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