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| | Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems |
 | | One possible explanation for Acanthaster outbreaks is that overfishing of species that prevy upon larval or juvenile stages of crown-of-thorns starfish is responsible for massive recruitment of the starfish (51). | | | The highly cryptic, predator-avoiding behavior of juvenile starfish, their formidable antipredator defenses as subadults and adults, and the reduction of some generalized predatory fishes on the Great Barrier Reef all point to such a "top-down" explanation. | | | Contrary to romantic notions of the oceans as the "last frontier" and of the supposedly superior ecological wisdom of non-Western and precolonial societies, our analysis demonstrates that overfishing fundamentally altered coastal marine ecosystems during each of the cultural periods we examined. |
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http://www.californiafish.org/overfishing_ecology_7_01.html
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| | Marine World - Will Atlantic cod ever recover |
| | Although there is a consensus that overfishing was one of the main causes of the collapse of the Canadian cod stock, it is thought that adverse environmental conditions (e.g. |
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http://www.ices.dk/marineworld/recoveryplans.asp
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| | Don't waste our oceans Greenpeace International |
| | Scientists are warning that overfishing results in profound changes in our oceans, perhaps changing them forever. | | | The biggest single threat to marine ecology today is overfishing. | | | Read about our year-long voyage to save the oceans -- and see what you can do to help -- at the Defending our Oceans website. |
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http://www.greenpeace.org/international/campaigns/save-our-seas-2/don-t-waste-our-oceans
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| | The Ocean Conservancy: |
| | One useful approach is to identify the best management practices that have produced success where it currently exists and to begin to utilize these approaches where management has been less successful. | | | For example, the New England groundfish fishery shows better success for individual stocks that utilize one of the best management practices, mortality constrained below MSY fishing rates (see figure 1). | | | To avoid confusion between the terms “overfishing” and “overfished,” the term “depleted” will sometimes be used to refer to stocks defined as overfished. |
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http://www.oceanconservancy.org/site/PageServer?pagename=scorecard
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| | Overfishing |
| | It should be noted that this indicator does not capture fishing pressure from more remote locations or illegal fishing (see Chapter 2 - âLimitations of the Analysisâ and Table 1: Reefs at Risk Analysis Method. | | | ) In the region as a whole, the study identified about 60 percent of reefs as threatened by overfishing (with about 30 percent each under medium and high threat). | | | Overfishing can lead to short-term losses in biodiversity, the loss of species with critical roles in the ecosystem, and may also lower the resilience of the reef to other threats. |
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http://marine.wri.org/pubs_content_text.cfm?ContentID=3060
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| | Overfishing |
| | Cambodia, Japan, and the Philippines have even higher pressure from overfishing, with over 70 percent of their reefs threatened and over 35 percent classified as high risk. | | | When overfishing is caused by large-scale commercial operations, government regulations and enforcement may be the key to reducing the problem. | | | Overfishing is the most pervasive of the threats evaluated. |
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http://pubs.wri.org/pubs_content_text.cfm?ContentID=714
(679 words)
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| | oceans campaign, global overfishing |
| | In its wake, fish populations are being dangerously depleted; nature's balance is being altered across vast areas of the world's oceanic ecosystems in ways that may be irreversible, and key species in the complex, diverse web of marine life are threatened. | | | Overfishing results in a form of ecological degradation or debasement, in which the naturally derived community of fish species changes. | | | The business of fishing must be redefined so that they might continue to provide nutritional and employment benefits to dependent communities in ways that do not risk the health and natural integrity of the ocean environment. |
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http://archive.greenpeace.org/~oceans/globaloverfishing/itcantgoonforever.html
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| | The Ocean Conservancy: Overfishing |
| | A recent study in the prestigious journal Science showed that overfishing makes ocean ecosystems more vulnerable to harm from other human impacts like pollution. | | | Overfishing probably contributes to declines of marine birds and mammals, by reducing their food supplies. | | | Much work remains in our efforts to end overfishing. |
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http://www.oceanconservancy.org/site/PageServer?pagename=issues_overfishing
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| | Overfishing |
| | It is human nature to try to make as much money as possible, but this has to be weighed against the economic hardship that whole communities have suffered as a result of overexploiting their own fisheries, not to mention the grave consequences of overfishing for fish populations. | | | Most of the problems associated with overfishing have been caused in the last 50 years by the rapid advances in fishing technology. | | | These are just a few examples of how overfishing can seriously affect not only the fish stocks, but also the livelihoods of many people who depend on fishing as a job. |
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http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/overfishing.html
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| | Alaska Oceans Program - Ocean Facts - Overfishing |
| | A growing body of research also indicates the ever-growing fishing effort may now be altering the balance of ancient marine ecosystems that nearly all fisheries and marine life depend on. | | | According to the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), six percent of all major marine fisheries are underexploited, 20 percent are moderately exploited, 50 percent fully exploited, 15 percent overfished, six percent depleted and two percent recovering. | | | Most marine scientists believe that overfishing contributes in large part to the worldwide decline of marine fisheries, and many believe it is the primary cause. |
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http://www.alaskaoceans.net/facts/overfishing.htm
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| | Coral reefs doomed, study says / Centuries of overfishing killing ecosystems |
| | "Overfishing seems to be the largest 'signal' that explains our data," Pandolfi said. | | | Historical evidence dating back thousands of years proves that overfishing, not recent coral diseases or other causes, is the main cause of the slow death of the world's coral ecosystems, marine paleontologist John Pandolfi of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History and 11 other researchers say in the article. | | | Pummeled by overfishing, the world's coral reef ecosystems "will not survive for more than a few decades" unless drastic action is taken to protect them, experts warn. |
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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/08/16/MN227977.DTL
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| | Overfishing |
| | roughly 20% are either already overfished, experiencing overfishing, or approaching an overfished condition." | | | One may wonder how the world's fishermen have seemingly caused such a large overfishing problem. | | | When thinking about possible solutions to the overfishing problem, it may initially seem that the problem is simply that we are pulling too many fish out of the sea. |
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http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/06-07/overfishing-article.htm
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| | Chesapeake Bay Journal: Signs of 'growth overfishing' seen in Bay's crab population - October 1998 |
| | âI think people need to define what they truly mean by growth overfishing, and what the possibilities are for trying to tackle that,â OâReilly said. | | | But Fogarty said the issues should not be insurmountable. | | | This is what scientists call âgrowth overfishing.â It is different from what people typically think of as overfishing, where so many are harvested that it harms reproductive potential â” something known as ârecruitment overfishing.â |
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http://www.bayjournal.com/article.cfm?article=1710
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| | SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Mexico -- U.S. group decries overfishing in gulf |
| | Harvesting methods in the Sea of Cortez are focus of criticism | | | But unlike previous studies on the subject, today's launch of an awareness campaign by the Natural Resources Defense Council points its finger specifically at the Mexican government and Ocean Garden, a San Diego company owned by Mexico's foreign trade bank. | | | One of the nation's largest environmental groups is sounding the latest in a long series of alarms about how shrimping, overfishing and lax enforcement of regulations are threatening marine life in the Gulf of California. |
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http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/20050308-9999-1n8fish.html
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| | Overfishing alert system: a challenge for electronic communication |
| | FAO :: Newsroom :: News stories :: 2006 :: Overfishing alert s… | | | Fish currently provide at least 20 percent of the animal protein needs of over 2.5 billion people in the world, but some fish stocks are being rapidly reduced due to overfishing, poor fishing practices and environmental degradation. | | | Overfishing alert system: a challenge for electronic communication |
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http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2006/1000251
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| | BBC News SCI/TECH Human plunder of the seas |
| | It hasn't been generally understood how much has been lost and what might be regained | | | The researchers say that overfishing precedes pollution, destruction of habitats, disease, and human-induced climate change. | | | This historical perspective could suggest new goals for coastal management and restoration, they add. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1458696.stm
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| | The Tragedy of the Commons, by Garrett Hardin: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | Each nation still has the problem of allocating fishing rights among its own people on a noncommonized basis. | | | If each government allowed ownership of fish within a given area, so that an owner could sue those who encroach on his fish, owners would have an incentive to refrain from overfishing. | | | Instead, they often estimate the maximum sustainable yield and then restrict fishing either to a fixed number of days or to a fixed aggregate catch. |
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http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/TragedyoftheCommons.html
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| | Overfishing |
| | Page last updated by RC, October 28, 2000. | | | Every potential case of overfishing is immediately compared with the sardine fishery, though that does not mean that the correct action is taken. | | | California squid fishermen were worried about overfishing, and were calling for some action to regulate the catch. |
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http://www-geology.ucdavis.edu/~sumner/Teaching/GEL116f00/overfishing.html
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| | National Coalition for Marine Conservation -- dedicated exclusively to conserving ocean fish and their environment |
| | Our mission is to build public awareness of the threats to our marine fisheries, provide constructive solutions, and convince state, national and international fishery managers to take appropriate action to reverse the overfishing effects on marine fish. | | | Our Featured Publication, "Billfish: A Challenge for Survival," available on DVD and VHS | | | The National Coalition for Marine Conservation (NCMC), based in Virginia, is the USA's oldest public advocacy group dedicated exclusively to conserving ocean fish and their environment. |
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http://www.savethefish.org
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| | Overfishing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This is likely to further aggravate the problem of overfishing, unless aquaculture technology expands to meet the needs of human population. | | | Economic or bioeconomic overfishing in addition to the biological dynamics takes into consideration the cost of fishing and defines overfishing as a situation of negative marginal growth of resource rent. | | | Ultimately overfishing may lead to depletion in cases of subsidised fishing, low biological growth rates and critical low biomass levels (e.g. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overfishing
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| | Overfishing |
| | The overfishing problem, as can be seen, is very serious at the moment. | | | However, in communities, and internationally, a lot is being done or trying to be done to alleviate the overfishing problems, and overall bad effects and matters of concern resulting from overfishing. | | | Only if the previously mentioned methods are seriously considered will the problems resulting from overfishing be overcome and the world's fish stocks be revived for good. |
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http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/4620/overfishing.htm
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| | SCIENTISTS: COLLAPSE OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS TIED TO PAST OVERFISHING |
| | Bjorndal says scientists have missed the connection between past overfishing and current ecological problems in part because they don’t feel comfortable working with historical data, which may not conform to the rigors of scientific testing and experiment. | | | Despite such declines, the authors conclude on a cautiously optimistic note, saying most of the overfished species still survive in sufficient numbers to permit restoration. | | | While it’s true that past data may not be as complete as scientists would like, the resulting lack of historical perspective has often led to erroneous or incomplete conclusions about ecological problems, she says. |
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http://www.napa.ufl.edu/2001news/overfishing.htm
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| | NET.org >> OCEANS >> Overfishing and Fish Conservation |
| | There are 10 national standards, which are currently up for review to determine their effectiveness. | | | The rule changes that NOAA Fisheries has announced it is reconsidering would weaken and undercut one of the most important of these standards, the overfishing standard. | | | The public was given 90 days to comment on these changes to the overfishing standard. |
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http://www.net.org/marine/fish.vtml
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| | What's At Stake: Protect Our Oceans from Industrial Overfishing |
| | This proposal would greatly increase the number of years that vulnerable fish populations are at risk of further decline due to human causes such as overfishing or unpredictable natural occurrences such as adverse weather. | | | The first of these national standards, the "Overfishing Standard," is the cornerstone of the Magnuson-Stevens Act and is essential for responsible fishery management. | | | Why the Overfishing Standard Should Not Be Weakened |
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http://actionnetwork.org/campaign/overfishing_standard/explanation
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| | UN Chronicle 10 Stories The World Should Hear More About: Overfishing: A Threat to Marine Biology |
| | Overfishing also has a direct effect on marine biodiversity, and this should not be underestimated. | | | The issue of overfishing is identified as one of the ten stories the world should hear more about—a UN effort to shine a spotlight on some important international issues and developments that often do not get sufficient media attention. | | | Only a multilateral approach can counterbalance the rate of depletion of the world’s fisheries, which has increased more than four times in the past forty years. |
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http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2004/issue2/0204p17.asp
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| | FishNet USA #18 - A critique of a recent Science article on Ancient Overfishing |
| | The idea that the impact we have had and are having on our coastal waters due to overdevelopment and pollution is negligible compared to the effects of “overfishing” dating back hundreds or thousands of years seems like an environmentalist’s nightmare - and a polluter’s dream. | | | Other than that, there seems to be no reason to refer to activities as “fishing” that go far beyond common usage to include what are clearly (and even by the authors own “definition”) entirely different activities. | | | In another simplification, the Science authors imply that the overfishing of oysters led to the bay’s current oyster diseases. |
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http://www.fishingnj.org/netusa18.htm
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| | Knowledge Problem: REDUCE OVERFISHING BY DEFINING PROPERTY RIGHTS |
| | Knowledge Problem: REDUCE OVERFISHING BY DEFINING PROPERTY RIGHTS | | | Since the introduction of IFQs, the country has seen a 37% decline in the number of quota owners, mostly in fisheries that were overfished and had overcapacity problems. | | | Can we expect to see this program put into place in the United States anytime soon? |
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http://www.knowledgeproblem.com/archives/000594.html
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| | Overfishing Sets the Stage for Problems in Marine Ecosystems |
| | Overfishing of key marine animals such as cod, oysters, sea turtles and other species is the primary cause leading to a variety of problems that have appeared recently in coastal waters around the world, according to an article published this week in the journal Science. | | | Examples of overfishing are cited in aboriginal, colonial and modern cultures, but modern technology has allowed harvesters to eliminate what had been considered an inexhaustible marine resource, say the authors. | | | Overfishing Sets the Stage for Other Problems in Marine Ecosystems |
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http://www.umaine.edu/mainesci/Archives/MarineSciences/Overfishing.htm
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| | Overfishing, bycatch and marine habitat loss: The Threats to Our Ocean Fisheries - National Coalition for Marine ... |
| | Overfishing, bycatch and habitat loss are problems faced by billfish, swordfish, sharks and many other ocean fish. | | | It decreases the supply of protein available from the sea, causes substantial losses to the economy, brings hardship to fishermen, disrupts traditional ways of life and limits recreational opportunities. | | | Most salt water fish spend all or at least part of their lives in coastal waters, where their environment is continually assaulted by pollution and development. |
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http://www.savethefish.org/about_ocean_fisheries_overfishing.htm
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| | OVERFISHING |
| | At the same time as mechanized boats contributed to overfishing, their bottom-sweeping techniques also damaged the sea bottom and interrupted sea life involved in the aquatic food chain. | | | Commercial overfishing, done by fleets of boats in deep national or international waters, can also have a profound effect. | | | But Thailand is not the only nation faced with an overfishing problem. |
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http://www.lehigh.edu/~kaf3/books/reporting/fishing.html
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| | Is it over fishing? |
| | Overfishing can do more than endanger our food supply. | | | The general pattern over the past century has been to fish top predators until scarce, and then catch their prey, a process called "fishing down the food chain." | | | With increased attention to global warming, some scientists say climate plays a major role in the fishing equation. |
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http://whyfiles.org/139overfishing
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| | Overfishing and International Fisheries and Oceans Governance |
| | Canada becomes the first country to apply the International Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries adopted in 1995 by the FAO. | | | Visits to scientific installations and processing and aquaculture plants lay foundation for future exchanges. | | | The Panel is mandated to look at the whole range of Canada's efforts to combat overfishing and at the question of custodial management, and to suggest areas for improvement and ways to move forward. |
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http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/overfishing-surpeche/history_e.htm
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| | Monterey Bay Aquarium: Seafood Watch Program - Issues - Overfishing |
| | Overfishing has also forced fishermen to look deeper for new species like orange roughy and Chilean seabass. | | | Overfishing pushes the fish population lower and lower, until fish are so few that fishermen can't make a living any more. | | | Such slow-growing fishes are very vulnerable to overfishing; choose seafood from our Green List instead. |
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http://www.mbayaq.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_of.asp
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| | Overfishing and the Law |
| | I said they may allow limited overfishing in the short term to minimize the effects on communities. | | | Under this law, overfishing doesn't have to be eliminated immediately. | | | Fishery managers do not allow overfishing to go unabated. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/19/AR2005091901435.html
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| | Explanation of Recruitment Overfishing |
| | Visiting this web site without first upgrading your browser may result in unreliable behavior. | | | When people think of overfishing, they usually mean recruitment overfishing, rather than growth overfishing. | | | This means that the adult population was fished so heavily that the number and size of the adult population (spawning biomass) was reduced to the point that it did not have the reproductive capacity to replenish itself. |
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http://www.lobsterconservation.com/dickallen/overfishing
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| | Overfishing: a threat to marine biodiversity |
| | The magnitude of the problem of overfishing is often overlooked, given the competing claims of deforestation, desertification, energy resource exploitation and other biodiversity depletion dilemmas. | | | “Overfishing cannot continue,” warned Nitin Desai, Secretary General of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, which took place in Johannesburg. | | | According to UN agencies, aquaculture - the farming and stocking of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants - is growing more rapidly than all other animal food producing sectors. |
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http://www.un.org/events/tenstories/story.asp?storyID=800
(604 words)
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| | Atlantic cod - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The fishery has yet to recover, and may not recover at all because of a possibly stable change in the food chain. | | | The northwest Atlantic cod has been regarded as heavily overfished throughout its range, resulting in a crash in the fishery in the United States and Canada during the early 1990s. | | | Unoffical and at odds with science and economics is Debbie MacKenzie's homespun common sense account of the collapse of the cod stocks of the Grand Banks and beyond [1]. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_cod
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| | Overfishing Long Ago Tied to Modern Ecosystem Collapse |
| | To draw a picture of what marine ecosystems looked like eons ago, the 19 researchers who contributed to the study examined marine sediment evidence from about 125,000 years ago, archaeological information from early human coastal settlements some 10,000 years ago, and European trade records from the 15th century to the present. | | | Overfishing that took place hundreds if not thousands of years ago is a key culprit in the collapse of coastal marine ecosystems today, an international group of researchers reports. | | | Now, a team of international researchers says the problem also has roots in overfishing hundreds if not thousands of years ago. |
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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/08/0807_ecollapse.html
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| | U.S. seeks to change overfishing standards - Environment - MSNBC.com |
| | U.S. seeks to change overfishing standards - Environment - MSNBC.com | | | The proposal would take into account "socio-economic considerations" in deciding when a species is overfished. | | | The Bush administration on Wednesday proposed changing how overfishing is calculated — a move that conservationists fear would mean more, not less, fishing of endangered species. |
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http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8318373
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| | overfishing - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about overfishing |
| | The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that worldwide overfishing has damaged oceanic ecosystems to such an extent that their ability to support increased fish numbers is significantly reduced. | | | Environmentalists have long been concerned at the wider implications of overfishing, in particular the devastation wrought on oceanic food chains. | | | In their 2003 Global Environment Outlook Year Book, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) estimated that close to 75% of the world's fish stocks were already overexploited. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/overfishing
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| | Overfishing |
| | Why this sudden surge of interest in overfishing? | | | I think it is being promoted by President Bush, who would like to remembered for something "green". |
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http://wais.stanford.edu/Environment/environment_overfishing6703.html
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| | Explanation of Growth Overfishing |
| | Growth overfishing is much more common than recruitment overfishing, but it does not receive the attention given to recruitment overfishing because it does not pose such a serious threat to the continued existence of the resource. | | | But growth overfishing still reduces the potential yield from a fishery, and thus the economic and other benefits that could be obtained from the stock. | | | The total yield from the fishery is therefore less than it would be if the fishing mortality rate, or percent of the stock removed each year, were lower. |
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http://www.lobsterconservation.com/dickallen/growthoverfishing
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| | CBC News: Overfishing report fails to name countries |
| | "You can continue to come here and overfish to your heart's delight," says Etchegarry. | | | But some delegates say it's meaningless because the report doesn't name the countries that are taking too many fish. | | | Canada says it can prove certain countries are fishing species under moratorium. |
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http://www.cbc.ca/stories/2002/09/18/fish_report020918
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| | GulfBase - Overfishing and Bycatch |
| | GulfBase is a project of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at | | | Overfishing is the consequence of removing fish faster than they can replenish themselves. | | | Their main activities include building public awareness of the threats to marine fisheries, providing constructive solutions, and convincing state, national and international fishery managers to take appropriate action to reverse the overfishing effects on marine fish. |
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http://www.gulfbase.org/issue/view.php?iid=oab
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| | Protect Ocean Life: Don't Let the Bush Administration Gut Overfishing Laws |
| | Not only because species loss is always a tragedy, but also because many depleted fish populations provide an important food source for humans,as well as marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, and seals. | | | The Steller sea lion is a prime example of a species whose future survival is threatened by overfishing. | | | Many fish species face significant conservation issues; some of them are in danger of extinction as a result of overfishing. |
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http://www.hsus.org/wildlife/wildlife_news/protect_ocean_life.html
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| | NOAA USING CONGRESSIONAL TOOLS TO COMBAT OVERFISHING, BYCATCH |
| | Once a fish species has been determined to be overfished, a management plan to rebuild that species must be developed, or modified, to rebuild that species as soon as possible, but no longer than within 10 years with certain limited exceptions. | | | Spanish mackerel in the Gulf of Mexico are no longer overfished, because of effective management (quota and fishing gear restrictions) that has turned this into a sustainable fishery. | | | Even before Congress's action, the fisheries service partnered several success stories, including reversing overfishing in some fisheries. |
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http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/pr98/jan98/noaa98-3.html
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| | U.S. Newswire : Releases : "Overfishing is Never the Solution..." |
| | Overfishing should never be a solution to difficult times, and we need NMFS and the regional councils to start taking a tougher stance on overfishing without exception. | | | Congress thought it had put an end to overfishing in 1996 when it passed the Sustainable Fisheries Act. | | | If NMFS wants to ease the burden of fishermen -- the oft-stated reason for allowing overfishing -- it should avoid making the economic hardship worse in the future by allowing fish populations to decline even further. |
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http://releases.usnewswire.com/GetRelease.asp?id=52366
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