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| | Opium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Opium is also processed into heroin, and most current drug use occurs with processed derivatives rather than with raw opium. | | | Tincture of opium is prescribed in modern times, among other reasons, for ongoing, severe diarrhea caused, for example, by the creation of an ileostomy. | | | Opium is still being produced today legally for medicine. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium
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| | Ethnobotanical Leaflets |
| | For therapy for addicts to opium, methadone is used to block the cravings with no effects of its own (Opiates: High Risk Addiction). | | | The intent of opiates is to relieve acute pain suffered from harm to the body. | | | Codeine is a milder form of morphine and both are used today in the medical field for relieving pain. |
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http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/opium.htm
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| | Drug Policy Alliance: Opium and the British Indian Empire |
| | Opium use for both medicinal and mood-altering purposes was an accepted cultural practice throughout the subcontinent (save for Burma) with little or no disapproval attached to it. | | | Moreover, there was testimony by many that opium served as a useful work drug to relieve boredom and monotony, to reduce muscle pains, and to lessen pangs of hunger while laboring. | | | Uncommitted on the opium issue were Robert Mowbray, a conservative MP from Lancashire and a long-time Manchester physician, Sir William Roberts, one of the best-known clinicians and medical researchers in British medicine at the time. |
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http://www.drugpolicy.org/library/opium_india.cfm
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| | Licit and Illicit Drugs - Chapter 6, Opium Smoking Is Outlawed |
| | families who accept opium smoking as part of their culture are mindful of its dangers much as we are mindful of the dangers of overindulgence in alcohol. | | | He reported, for example, that "opium was highly regarded in China, both as a medicinal drug (that checked diarrhea and served as a febrifuge), and as an aphrodisiac. | | | There is a pattern of self-limitation or restraint in opium smoking as practiced in countries where it is socially acceptable. |
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http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/cu6.htm
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| | Opium in Japan |
| | Nowadays non-medical use of opium and opiates is fairly uncommon in Japan. | | | Opium was introduced into Japan along with Chinese herbal medicine. | | | Addicts could continue to buy opium for smoking, while at the same time opium was strictly controlled within Japan. |
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http://www.taima.org/en/opium.htm
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| | The Opium War and the Opening of China |
| | In 1820, 9,708 chests of opium was smuggled in per year. | | | The humilation and the lessons learned at the Opium War 150 years ago are deeply rooted in Chinese mentality and still guides Chinese thinking in international relations. | | | 15 years later, the smuggled opium rose to 35,445 chests, a growth of 400%. |
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http://historyliterature.homestead.com/files/extended.html
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| | MedlinePlus Drug Information: Opium Preparations (Systemic) |
| | In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. | | | When you are taking an opium preparation, it is especially important that your health care professional know if you are taking any of the following: | | | These medicines belong to the group of medicines called narcotics. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202425.html
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| | Opium MetaFilter |
| | The war on drugs is simply a case of developed countries trying to make their problem somebody else's, while excercising control over smaller countries. | | | Throughout my experimentation phaze, I steered clear of heroin, though I tried opium a couple times. | | | If you do have a drug habit, you will say that you don't. |
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http://www.metafilter.com/mefi/47770
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| | opium on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Opium and its various constituents exert effects upon the body ranging from analgesia, or insensitivity to pain, to narcosis, or depressed physiological activity leading to stupor. | | | Besides indiscriminate medical use, opiates were available in the United States in myriad tonics and patent medicines, and smoking in opium dens was unhindered, resulting in an epidemic of opiate addiction by the late 1800s. | | | Opium addicts in otherwise good physical and mental health whose drug needs are met are thought to experience no debilitating physiological effects from their addiction, although there is some evidence that immune function is compromised. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/opium_history.asp
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| | Amazon.com: Opium : A History: Books: Martin Booth |
| | This book gives an interesting history of opium and its effects both emotionally and economically on the regions of the world where it grows and is processed. | | | In all likelihood, one of the first medicinal drugs known to mankind, opium and its derivatives have eased and caused suffering in almost equal measure, a fact that the evenhanded Booth takes pains to point out. | | | Nor does he neglect the social implications of an addicted population: |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0312206674?v=glance
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| | Historie von Opium |
| | India, recognizes that opium is harmful and at | | | 1834-50 An awareness grows of endemic opium use among Fenish | | | " Patent medicines and opium preperations such as _Dover's Powder |
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http://www.drogeninfo.de/files/opi_hist.html
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| | BBC NEWS South Asia The drugs threat to Afghanistan |
| | "Opium farmers are not poor, that is a myth," said one Western official who takes a much more hardline view on the drugs control debate. | | | That is why, he emphasised, there had to be just as much focus on developing "alternative livelihoods". | | | The answer to the situation today, say UN drugs control officials based in Afghanistan, is going to be a balance of measures, encouraging farmers to find alternative income sources, but also increasing the legal risk to anyone involved in the drugs trade. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3476377.stm
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| | PoppiesInternational.com opium Poppies International - Buy poppies, papaver somniferum seeds, dried poppy pods & blue ... |
| | Partly, this was due to opium imported from British India, which amounted to nearly 17000 chest (1215 tons) per year in 1830 compared with 200 chests (14 tons) before 1773 and with 4000 chests (285 tons) by 1790. | | | In area toward to the West, the emphasis, at least in the literature, seems to have been on poppy. | | | There is no way of checking the validity of these claims, particularly with respect to the cultivation of opium poppy. |
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http://www.poppiesinternational.com/opium/opium.html
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| | Opium Poppy Opium Poppies Opium Information |
| | Opium can cause euphoria, followed by a sense of well-being and a calm drowsiness or sedation. | | | Learn about the Opium Poppy and Effects of Opium Poppies from our collection of Opium Information. | | | Opium use can also lead to physical dependence and addiction. |
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http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/drug_guide/Opium
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| | Ch'ing China: The Opium Wars |
| | In fact, there are few periods in Chinese history that approach the early nineteenth century in terms of pure human misery and tragedy. | | | Trade, according to Lin, should only be in beneficial objects. | | | This trade had produced, quite literally, a country filled with drug addicts, as opium parlors proliferated all throughout China in the early part of the nineteenth century. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHING/OPIUM.HTM
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| | Biography Body |
| | Like the portholes of a ship, the two discs of Opium ("Wide-eyed" and "Dreaming") form what Ottmar describes as "two windows into this world: One is the brighter, wide-eyed, faster side, the other is the mellower, introspective side." | | | "To me, the title Opium suggests a drug that seduces you into a whole different world. | | | And with this album we tried to create our own little world, which takes from alot of different sources. |
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http://www.lunanegra.com/www/ol/biography/bio_body4.htm
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| | Opium and Empire in Victorian Britain |
| | Collins’s ambivalent attitude towards the drug can be explained by his own addiction to the substance, a circumstance explored in the page on Wilkie Collins: his Life and Work within the Imperial Archive. | | | This project was completed under the direction of Dr. Leon Litvack as a requirement for the MA degree in Modern Literary Studies in the School of English at the Queen's University of Belfast. | | | Among the most famous preparations were Dover’s Powders, initially marketed as a cure for gout; Godfey’s Cordial which was sold as a “soother” for crying babies; and laudanum, a tincture of opium in alcohol, which was both easily made and readily available (Berridge, 24). |
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http://www.qub.ac.uk/english/imperial/india/opium.htm
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| | A Short History of the Opium Wars |
| | The government in Peking noted that the foreigners seemed intent on dragging down the Chinese through the encouragement of opium addiction. | | | The point of conflict was the opium trade. | | | The drug had long been used to stop diarrhea, but in the seventeenth and eighteenth century people in all classes began to use it recreationally. |
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http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/heroin/opiwar1.htm
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| | First Opium War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Between 1821 and 1837 imports of the drug to China increased five-fold. | | | The drug was produced in India under a British government monopoly (Bengal) or in the Princely states (Malwa) and was sold on condition it was shipped by British traders to China. | | | The First Opium War marks the beginning of the darkest period in China modern history. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War
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| | Opium Wars |
| | He encouraged opium addicts to enroll there—under amnesty—to shed their habit. | | | The trenches were filled with water, and the first chests of opium were broken open and thrown in to soak. | | | Commisioner Lin was faced with the problem of disposing of the enormous stockpile of opium which he had confiscated. |
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http://www.oldnewspublishing.com/opium.htm
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| | Erowid Opiates Vault : "Red Rock Opium" Myth #1 |
| | The human mind and brain are extremely flexible and humans are capable of profound changes in states of consciousness without taking any chemicals or drugs. | | | The suggestion of opium, the power of the imagination, and the effect of physically taking smoke into the lungs could be enough for many people to experience noticeable effects. | | | The smoke had a distinct, but mild, flowery or rosey taste and the effects were subtle to the point of being not present. |
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http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/opiates/opiates_myth1.shtml
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| | Lycaeum > Leda > Opium |
| | Entry point for an eclectic group of sites with information and opinions on many things, including drugs. | | | Opium, Made Easy: One Gardner's Encounter with the War on Drugs | | | One of opium's active constituents and raw material from which heroin is obtained |
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http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=7683
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| | Opium |
| | Everyone wants to know more about Opium Are you dreaming on Opium. | | | We provide different points of view on Opium problem. | | | Take an oscillation in the $555 and it ayunan -- the term is of May the 8! |
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http://opium.kapushon.com
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| | Poppies bloom in Afghan fields, again csmonitor.com |
| | As in many opium-growing areas in Afghanistan, Konar has no addicts. | | | But much of the opium is smuggled out by foot, along unpatrolled trails into Pakistan. | | | Some people use opium as a medicine, but few can afford to use it recreationally. |
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http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0821/p01s04-wosc.html
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| | Opium throughtout History |
| | Opium poppy crop is susceptible to a number of diseases which affect the opium yield, most of which can be classified as fungal diseases. | | | Downy Mildew - is one of the most serious and wide spread diseases of opium poppy. | | | The opium poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) belonging to the family Papaveraceae, is an annual medicinal herb. |
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http://cbn.nic.in/html/opiumhistory.htm
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| | From Flowers to Heroin |
| | Opium is also used locally as a substitute for modern medicines because few medical supplies are available in these remote areas. | | | Refining raw opium into heroin is a tedious, multistep process. | | | This conversion is achieved primarily by chemical processes and requires several basic elements and implements. |
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/heroin/flowers_to_heroin.htm
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| | Papaver Somniferum: Exploring the impact of the opium poppy on society |
| | The most famous, naturally, is the species "papaver somniferum" which produces Opium, from which Morphine and Codeine are extracted for use as an analgesic narcotic in the treatment of mild to severe pain. | | | Poppies.org operates under a harm-reduction philosophy, providing a nonjudgmental community-based atmosphere for frank and open discussions on such topics as Opium Poppy Cultivation and Poppy Tea, Recreational Opiate Use and Abuse, Chronic Pain, User's Rights, Opium and Narcotic Addiction and Drug Policy Reform. | | | Poppies.org is licensed under a Creative Commons Canada License. |
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http://www.poppies.org
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| | Solution Equilibria Analysis with the OPIUM Computer Program |
| | A few basic potentiometric examples taken from various sources were (re)processed (in a plenty of ways) to demonstrate several new features of OPIUM. | | | Now I believe OPIUM could be considered a well-tested program after all, although probably not so extremely powerful as the others. | | | Solution Equilibria Analysis with the OPIUM Computer Program |
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http://www.natur.cuni.cz/~kyvala/opium.html
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| | --Opium-- Pseudopotential generation project |
| | International Center for Materials Research have been posted. | | | Implementation of the designed non-local potential approach of Ramer and Rappe [6]. | | | The most important input information that these programs require are the pseudopotentials used in the calculation. |
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http://opium.sourceforge.net
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| | Technorati Tag: opium |
| | Opium Find Deals on Opium and other Health and Beauty Products at DealTime. | | | A tag is like a subject or category. | | | Opium Fragrances Opium and other fragrances available online at Boscov's family-owned department store. |
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http://www.technorati.com/tag/opium
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| | Asia Times Online - The trusted source for news on Central Asia |
| | Governments back home in the NATO countries are reluctant to get their soldiers drawn into tackling drug trafficking as this would make the troops targets of the all-powerful drug syndicates. | | | Up to now, his commanders have been regulating the opium trade within their spheres of influence. | | | Afghanistan has the dubious distinction of being the world leader in opium production, accounting for 75 percent of the world's poppy output. |
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http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/EL09Ag02.html
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| | Erowid Opiates Vault |
| | Opiates and opioids are classes of depressant analgesics derived from or chemically similar to substances found in P. somniferum, the opium poppy. |
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http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/opiates/opiates.shtml
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| | digital china/harvard: the opium war |
| | Individuals, too, have posted their own historical accounts (such as those found here, here, here, here, and here), and at least one account speaks more generally on the history of opium in China. | | | Xie Jin's own words on the film and its construction are particularly noteworthy. | | | China News Digest's outlined history of the Quing Dynasty may be a good starting place for information on the Opium War as an historical event, or set of events. |
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http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/ChinaDragon/opiumwar.html
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| | OPIUM - flyer |
| | The interior is air conditioned throughout, and fitted out with maple to maximise natural light and give the yacht a warm and ambiant atmosphere. | | | OPIUM has maximum performance combined with elegant comfort. |
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http://www.luxuryachts.net/yacht.asp?y=opium
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| | opium perfume |
| | Vengeance to test what you're starting time it also trained? | | | I'm not so closely to his stomach sometimes went through. | | | Not another man could be above her finish the bright... |
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http://doglana.com/opium-perfume.html
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| | Cockburn and St. Clair: The Politics of Afghan Opium |
| | Probably not, always for the same reason: to suppress drug cultivation means putting money in the pockets of peasants and that means expensive aid programs and also enormous political risks of offending important, if unpalatable, allies. | | | Afghanistan is the source of 75% of the world's heroin and 90% of Britain's supply. | | | The facts are easily available (and cited at some length in that very fine book Whiteout, The CIA, Drugs and the Press, coauthored by Jeffrey St Clair and Alexander Cockburn). |
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http://www.counterpunch.org/bumpercrop.html
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| | World of Warcraft UI / Mods - The Unofficial WoW UI Site- |
| | Detailed instructions on how to get up and running can be found here. | | | I've designed the data structures to use minimal memory. | | | * Opium can keep track of who have killed you and who you have killed, and generate statistics for this. |
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http://ui.worldofwar.net/ui.php?id=279
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| | OPIUM Magazine.com Literary Humor for the Deliriously Captivated |
| | This is the last time we'll tell you, but be sure to check out the pics from the Sweet Fancy Moses Literary Death Match II. | | | OPIUM Magazine.com Literary Humor for the Deliriously Captivated | | | After one of the greatest Opium.reading Series' yet (if you missed it, you missed a doozy), Opium's stoked to bring Tom Bartlett to the baby-blue and white with a story that reminds us why we all so, so loved Hogan's Heroes. |
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http://www.opiummagazine.com
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| | Opium London - Club Review and Information, 1a Dean Street, Soho |
| | Opium seem to have a short man syndrome...weird but anyway, Opium is a shi*hole - stay away! | | | Opium is a sleek club and frequently offers a refreshing alternative for Londoners who have tired of always dancing to house music. | | | As supporters of new World music, Opium attracts a diverse and electic crowd of music lovers and DJs, singers and performers from around the world. |
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http://www.viewlondon.co.uk/info_club_419.html
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| | OPIUM cologne by Yves Saint Laurent |
| | We only carry authentic, original brand name fragrances | | | Opium cologne for men was created by Yves Saint Laurent in 1977. | | | Opium Cologne by Yves Saint Laurent is a blend of vanilla, ginger, pepper, cedar and balsam. |
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http://www.4-fragrances.com/men/opium-m.htm
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