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| | Smell and the Olfactory System |
 | | The olfactory system, which senses and processes odors, is one of the oldest and most vital parts of the brain. | | | Olfactory information travels not only to the limbic system -- primitive brain structures that govern emotions, behavior, and memory storage -- but also to the brain's cortex, or outer layer, where conscious thought occurs. | | | By studying how olfactory neurons establish connections with other neurons in the adult brain, researchers hope to learn how nerve fibers connect in other brain regions. |
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http://www.sfn.org/content/Publications/BrainBriefings/smell.html
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| | eMedicine - Anatomy of Olfactory System : Article by Amir Vokshoor, MD |
| | These signals, which are not detected consciously as odors by the olfactory system, mediate human autonomic, psychological, and endocrine responses. | | | Gilman S, Newman SW: The rhinencephalon and olfactory reflexes. | | | As a chemical sensor, the olfactory system detects food and influences social and sexual behavior. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic564.htm
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| | Press Release: The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
| | The olfactory system is the first of our sensory systems that has been deciphered primarily using molecular techniques. | | | For example, the area of the olfactory epithelium in dogs is some forty times larger than in humans. | | | Olfaction is also of paramount importance for many adult animals, since they observe and interpret their environment largely by sensing smell. |
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http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/2004/press.html
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| | NEUROSCIENCE: ON THE HUMAN OLFACTORY SYSTEM |
| | Distel, H. and Hudson, R. The contribution of the olfactory and tactile modalities to the performance of nipple-search behavior in newborn rabbits. | | | Sensed by rabbit pups via their main olfactory system, it elicits a characteristic nipple search behavior that quickly results in the location of a nipple [5]. | | | In addition to its role in sexual behaviors, it is important in influencing other social behaviors such as territoriality, aggression and suckling. |
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http://scienceweek.com/2004/sa041217-3.htm
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| | SMELL |
| | This latter pathway is responsible for the so-called "affective" component of smell. | | | There is clearly experience-dependent learning in the olfactory system, but whether the response to certain smells (in particular malodours) is "hard-wired" is still a matter of debate. | | | This system allows for odorant conditioning, and also explains how we can be sensitive to odours we have never previously experienced. |
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http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/olfact1.html
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| | Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction |
| | The new studies demonstrate that the main olfactory epithelium, which was presumed to be mostly involved with the sense of smell, plays a critical role in pheromone detection. | | | Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers have discovered that pheromones essential for mating behavior in mice are recognized by the nose and not by the vomeronasal system, as researchers had long suspected. | | | Future studies will aim at further characterizing the network of connections from the olfactory system to LHRH neurons in many brain structures, said Dulac. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-11/hhmi-osd111005.php
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Chemical Senses |
| | Olfactory abilities vary widely among individuals -- we all know someone who is able to smell things when no one else can, or someone who doesn't seem to mind an unpleasant odor when most people do. | | | These areas have connections to the limbic system (including the hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus), which is important in emotional states and in memory formation (see Figure 3). | | | Students learn how to investigate the olfactory system and then find out how to plan and carry out their own experiments. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chems.html
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| | STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM OF BIGEYE TUNE, THUNNUS |
| | Thus, the olfactory system might play a vital role in food procurement, social interaction and migration behaviors in tunas and marlins. | | | Future research into other large and small fast-swimming pelagic perciformes is needed to better understand the central design of the olfactory system and it's function in fish behavior. | | | In fish olfactory system plays vital roles in fish behavior including food search, social interaction and migration orientation. |
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http://swfsc.nmfs.noaa.gov/tunaconf/TC51Abst/Mana.html
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| | olfactory system |
| | Ontogenesis of the axonal circuitry associated with the olfactory system of the rat embryo. | | | Morphology of olfactory epithelium in humans and other vertebrates. | | | Pathologic changes in the olfactory system in aging and Alzheimer's disease. |
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http://www.arclab.org/node_pages/932.html
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| | The Olfactory System |
| | The Olfactory System is basically the body's system of smell. | | | The Olfactory Process and its Effect on Human Behavior | | | In 1989, it was discovered that the Amygdala plays a very important role in storing emotional trauma. |
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http://www.geocities.com/pathways2eden/Olfactory.html
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| | Nosing into pheromone detectors - Nature Neuroscience |
| | This may be a surprise to some of us, but perhaps it should not, as our current knowledge of vertebrate semiochemistry lies well behind what we know of the semiochemical world of simpler life forms, such as insects, or even yeasts. | | | Some of these behaviors are mediated, at least in part, by the vomeronasal organ, as removing this structure affects them. | | | Anatomical tracing techniques using genetic markers will enable researchers to address this latter question. |
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http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v6/n5/full/nn0503-438.html
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| | Med Associates Inc: Olfactory System |
| | This system is suitable for odor discrimination tasks where flow control is critical, olfactory coding, or any behavioral or neurophsiological study using odor as a stimulus. | | | Air flow is controlled by a sensitive needle valve and monitored by a calibrated flow meter. | | | One or more of the valves may be activated at the same time depending on the protocol of the experiment. |
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http://www.med-associates.com/behavior/olfactory/phm275.htm
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| | 2004 Annual Symposium, University of Maryland Program in Neuroscience |
| | Context in meaning and behavior: the role of centrifugal and behavioral influences on olfactory bulb dynamics | | | A dopamine-rich brain system in the monkey balancing work and reward: behavior, physiology and molecular pharmacology | | | This symposium will explore the contributions of centrifugal projections to olfactory sensory processing in the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex, and the mechanisms by which this centrifugal activity is integrated with and shapes the neural representations evoked by odor stimulation. |
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http://www.nbb.cornell.edu/neurobio/linster/cnsorg/Satellite.htm
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Smell |
| | The limbic system is involved with emotional behavior and memory. | | | That's why when you smell something, it often brings back memories associated with the object. | | | Many of these brain areas are part of the limbic system. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nosek.html
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| | How Rats and Mice—and Probably Humans—Recognize Odors |
| | The visual system needs only three kinds of receptors to distinguish among all the colors that we can perceive, he points out. | | | From studies with catfish, whose odorant receptors proved very similar to those of rats, Axel and his associates soon concluded that a given olfactory neuron can make only one or a few odorant receptors. | | | This synapse actually forms in the olfactory bulb, which is a part of the brain. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/senses/d/d130.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The problem of how smells are recognized and interpreted by the animal can be reduced to the question of how sensory neurons develop their OR-specific phenotypes. | | | Our laboratory is concerned with these two fundamental issues: How does the olfactory system distinguish odorants, and how does the olfactory system evolve individual species capabilities? | | | The olfactory system is a primal sensory system for most animals. |
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http://www.wesleyan.edu/mbb/faculty/rlane
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| | Hexapedia - Sensory system |
| | A sensory system is a part of the nervous system that consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and those parts of the brain responsible for processing the information. | | | Visual system - Auditory system - Olfactory system - Gustatory system - Somatosensory system | | | Specific sensory systems are those for somatic sensation, vision, olfaction, taste and hearing. |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/Sensory_system
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| | NIH Guide: VULNERABILITY OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM TO THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTALTOXICANTS AND PATHOGENS |
| | The development of tissue culture methods allows the pharmacologic manipulation of olfactory plasticity, neurogenesis, and interactions between the olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb. | | | According to some investigators, the olfactory deficits expressed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease may result from substances that entered the brain through the olfactory nerve. | | | Several studies in humans suggest that the olfactory mucosa is replaced with respiratory mucosa as a result of frequent infectious diseases of the nasal chambers, exposure to toxic chemicals, head injury, or age-related conditions. |
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http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-93-024.html
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| | Olfaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The importance of smell, and pheromones, to Humans and other Animals | | | This is possibly due to the olfactory system's close anatomical ties to the limbic system and hippocampus, areas of the brain that have long been known to be involved in emotion and place memory, respectively. | | | In vertebrates smells are sensed by the olfactory epithelium located in the nasal cavity and first processed by the olfactory bulb in the olfactory system. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfaction
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| | ScienceDaily: Researchers Closer To Learning The Underlying Logic Of The Olfactory System |
| | Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has a fundamental role in the control of... | | | Information from the olfactory cortex is then sent to many regions of the brain, ultimately leading to the perceptions of odors and their emotional and physiological effects. | | | Visual system -- The visual system is the part of the nervous system which allows organisms to see. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050526093647.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Combined with other approaches in our laboratory, we hope to elucidate the principles of olfactory coding and odorant perception. | | | My laboratory has used biochemical and molecular genetic techniques to examine the mechanisms underlying development in the olfactory system, as well as the processes responsible for odorant detection. | | | We are continuing to characterize the molecular components of the second messenger pathways in olfactory and non-olfactory system. |
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http://www.mbg.jhmi.edu/FacultyDetails.asp?PersonID=376
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| | The Vivid World of Odors |
| | The olfactory cortex, in turn, connects directly with a key structure called the hypothalamus, which controls sexual and maternal behavior. | | | None of the methods that had proved fruitful in the study of vision seemed to work. | | | To make matters worse, very little was known about the substances to which the olfactory system responds. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/senses/d/d110.htm
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| | Sensory deprivation reduces new cell size in the olfactory system |
| | Shepherd, on sabbatical with Pierre-Marie Lledo of the Pasteur Institute, investigated how the olfactory system responds to changes brought about by injury or different levels of activity. | | | New Haven, Conn.--Sensory deprivation causes changes in new cell size and excitability in the olfactory system, which governs the ability to smell, according to a study in Neuron by a Yale School of Medicine researcher. | | | The olfactory system is one of the most plastic regions of the brain, with nerve cells that are continually replenished by stem cells. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-04/yu-sdr040605.php
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| | Alpoon's Blog » The Olfactory System |
| | Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time. | | | Buck won the Nobel Prize for Physiology today for her research on the mammalian olfactory system. | | | There is also a passage describing the much sought-after realm of ORs, the vomeronasal system, which takes sexual signals of smell. |
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http://dhost.info/puchiko/index.php?p=33
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| | Olfactory system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction. | | | Damage to the olfactory system can occur by traumatic brain injury, cancer, inhalation of toxic fumes, or neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. | | | The olfactory system is made up of a number of different areas of the brain. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_system
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| | Web Links |
| | For those who want to try distilling their own hyro-sols and essential oils at home one can procure the basic equipment from Benzalco | | | Human Smell and Taste Mechanism to understand The Olfactory system. | | | Outstanding diagram on human smell and taste mechanism |
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http://members.aol.com/somanath/weblinks.html
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| | OLFACTORY SYSTEM - LoveToKnow Article on OLFACTORY SYSTEM |
| | Epistaxis or bleeding of the nose may ;ion of head of embryo, arise from many conditions. | | | Free dissection of the re Olfactory dundant tissue from arotind the nasal pit cartilages is necessary in lipoma nasi, skin being grafted on to the raw surface. |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/O/OL/OLFACTORY_SYSTEM.htm
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| | Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Home Page |
| | Ensheathing cells are the non-myelinating glial cells that ensheath olfactory axons within both the PNS and CNS portions of the primary olfactory pathway. | | | These staging systems assign embryos to one of several specifically defined stages of development. | | | Biffo, S., Marti, E. and Fasolo, A. Carnosine, nerve growth factor receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase expression during the ontogeny of the rat olfactory system. |
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http://duke.usask.ca/~rondouc
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Vomeronasal system is specialized for the recognition of sex-pheromones/ territory odors, aggression, suckling behavior; however, vomeronasal system is nonfunctional in adult human beings. | | | Here I will briefly describe olfactory system based on our present understanding of olfactory system, however, in many ways, it is the least understood of the sensory modalities. | | | As a result a lot of researches are being conducted on olfactory system now, still many aspects of olfactory system remains unknown. |
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http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/Courses/psych396/student2002/trk6
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| | Limbic System |
| | On the medial surface of the temporal lobe are three structures critical for normal human functioning. | | | The olfactory system disobeys a general rule of sensory systems - it does not have to pass through thalamus before reaching cortex. | | | However, the sense of smell is heavily interconnected with all parts of the limbic system. |
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http://thalamus.wustl.edu/course/limbic.html
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| | Molecular recognition by distributed temporal and spatial patterning in the olfactory system; from biology to an ... |
| | The relationships between biological and artificial olfactory systems will be discussed. | | | By exploiting the findings from a number of these observations we have constructed an artificial olfactory system with sensors that are cross-reactive and integrative circuits that are based on those of the olfactory bulb. | | | An attractive hypothesis, encompassing many experimental data, that explains how odor stimuli may be encoded by the vertebrate olfactory pathway holds that the high selectivity and sensitivity of the system arises from distributed receptor and central events that act together. |
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http://www.cnl.salk.edu/~zador/NIC97abstracts/node11.html
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| | Online Shopping at Smarter.com: Shopping, discount shopping, price comparison |
| | Using an unbiased system to compare prices on products from hundreds of different merchants, Smarter.com helps you find the product you need for the best price. | | | As the leading price comparison shopping site online, Smarter.com carries more than 1000 online merchants, including Circuit City, Crutchfield, Buy.com, B&H and many other popular online stores. |
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http://smarter.com/.../molecular_neurobiology_of_the_olfactory_system-1131319
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