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| | Sense - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The senses and their operation, classification, and theory are overlapping topics studied by a variety of fields, but most notably neuroscience, cognitive psychology (or cognitive science), and philosophy of perception. | | | Touch or tactition is the sense of pressure perception, generally in the skin. | | | Hearing or audition is the sense of sound perception and results from tiny hair fibres in the inner ear detecting the motion of a membrane which vibrates in response to changes in the pressure exerted by atmospheric particles within (at best) a range of 9 to 20000 Hz, however this changes for each individual. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense
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| | Olfaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In vertebrates smells are sensed by the olfactory epithelium located in the nose and processed by the olfactory system. | | | Among mammals it is well developed in the carnivores and ungulates, who must always be aware of each other, and in those, such as moles, who smell for their food. | | | It is less well developed in the catarrhine primates (Catarrhini), and nonexistent in cetaceans, who in compensation have a sensitive and well-developed sense of taste. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory
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| | smell - definition by dict.die.net |
| | The sense or faculty by which certain qualities of bodies are perceived through the instrumentally of the olfactory nerves. | | | To perceive by the olfactory nerves, or organs of smell; to have a sensation of, excited through the nasal organs when affected by the appropriate materials or qualities; to obtain the scent of; as, to smell a rose; to smell perfumes. | | | To smell a rat, to have a sense of something wrong, not clearly evident; to have reason for suspicion. |
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http://dict.die.net/smell
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| | [No title] |
| | Some olfactory disorders have to do with a lost sense of smell, such as anosmia, some have to do with an overactive sense of smell, such as hyperosmia, and others have to do with a disorganized sense of smell, such as phantosmia. | | | One can be born without a sense of smell (congenital anosmia), in which case they would never understand the concept of what a smell is. There are many causes for someone to become anosmic shortly after birth or later in life. | | | The sense of smell is not usually considered very important to us, but actually, our sense of smell is very important in many different ways. |
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http://psych.ucsc.edu/~ahk/p127/final-projects-05/Olfactory_final_paper.doc
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| | Smelling disorders |
| | Smelling disorders are disturbances of the olfactory sense, which is known as the sense of smell. | | | A smelling disorder that affects the sense of smell is generally not life-threatening. | | | An awareness of how the olfactory system works is helpful for understanding how smelling disorders affect the sense of smell. |
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http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/smelling_disorders.jsp
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| | Article 31 |
| | Worms with a poor sense of smell--because their olfactory organs have defective or absent cilia, blocked pores, or damaged sheaths--live much longer, yet are otherwise normal (for example, their feeding and reproductive behaviors are unchanged). | | | We humans sense old age through feeling those creaky joints or observing those graying hairs but, according to Apfeld and Kenyon reporting in a recent issue of Nature (1), the nematode worm senses its age by smelling and tasting the environment. | | | Such a pathway would also make physiological sense. |
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http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/kghoshroy/Sensing_oldage.html
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| | The Senses |
| | The senses cannot be understood except by careful separation of the physical and objective stimulus from the mental and subjective perception. | | | The contact senses are important in the development of the infant, especially the visual sense. | | | All senses have the widest dynamic range possible, which is greatest in hearing, and least in touch or taste, made possible by a logarithmic response. |
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http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/optics/senses.htm
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| | Hing Lab Research Intro |
| | The fly has a robust olfactory sense, and stereotyped behaviors that are triggered by smell. | | | This is due to the olfactory system's strong ties to areas of the brain involved in emotion (limbic system) and place memory (hippocampus) (Fig.1). | | | Nature has apparently found the perfect way to represent smell by the Cretaceous period and the olfactory bulb is retained in more modern animals like ourselves. |
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http://www.life.uiuc.edu/hing/research/intro.html
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| | SMELL |
| | The uncus, phylogenetically part of the "smell-brain" (or rhinencephalon), is functionally associated with the whole limbic system (which includes such brain areas as the amygdala, hippocampus, pyriforn cortex and hypothalamus), which is increasingly recognised to be crucial in determining and regulating the entire emotional 'tone'. | | | Various drugs have been demonstrated to have an effect on the sense of smell, in particular drugs that affect calcium channels, nifedipine and diltiazem. | | | Excitation of this, by whatever means, produces heightened emotionalism and an intensification of the senses. |
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http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/olfact1.html
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| | Jacobson's Organ |
| | The second is Jacobson's Organ, comprising a rival chemical sense system that is becoming the focus of very active research and debate, much of it based on one common little snake that has been studied in the field by David Crews and his colleagues at the University of Texas. | | | And it can be no coincidence that natural synesthetes, those who experience intense sensory crossovers on a regular basis, have problems with their limbic systems — those areas of the brain that, in mammals, grew out of the old olfactory bulbs. | | | Such synesthesia, the blending of one sense with another, is vital. |
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http://partners.nytimes.com/books/first/w/watson-organ.html
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| | Definitions |
| | olfactometry: Measurement of the response of assessors to olfactory stimuli. | | | [ISO 5492:1992] Absence of the sense of smell. | | | parosmia: a perceived change in ones olfactory sense. |
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http://www.fivesenses.com/acscent/definitions.htm
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| | Baylor Health Care System: Pleasure, pain, and prophylaxis |
| | Rousseau observed that the olfactory sense is the “sense of imagination.” Only a few molecules or whiffs of an odorant can set in motion fantasies and fears that precipitate reflex physiologic and psychologic events. | | | The sense of smell is the sense of imagination; giving a stronger tone to the nerves, it greatly disturbs the brain; which explains why it can arouse the amorous temperament momentarily, but eventually exhausts it. | | | Recent studies have distinguished the olfactory sensation, which is mediated by the first cranial nerve, from pain and touch sense, which is mediated by the fifth cranial nerve (Table 1) (5, 6). |
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http://www.baylorhealth.edu/proceedings/13_3/13_3_lee.html
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| | Olfaction for Virtual Reality |
| | Olfaction is defined as the act of smelling, "whereas to smell is to perceive the scent of something by means of the olfactory nerves." Odorants are, as stated by Kromer et. | | | A persons olfactory system operates in a fashion similar to other sensing processes in the body. | | | For a person moving through a virtual world and smelling objects as he or she comes upon them, the integration of the smell technologies and the user’s position is essential. |
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http://www.hitl.washington.edu/people/tfurness/courses/inde543/reports/3doc
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Chemical Senses |
| | Olfactory abilities vary widely among individuals -- we all know someone who is able to smell things when no one else can, or someone who doesn't seem to mind an unpleasant odor when most people do. | | | Patients who receive radiation therapy for cancers of the head or neck often develop changes in their sense of smell. | | | People should see a doctor if they realize something is wrong with their sense of smell. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chems.html
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| | [No title] |
| | In graduate school, my research involved the effects of early olfactory experience on adult behavior, especially behavior that is influenced by scents. | | | These persons can no more what it is like to have a sense of smell than I can know what it is like to have the electromagnetic sense of a pigeon. | | | Olfactory sensory adaptation may, in part, explain an offensive behavior of some persons -- those who put so much perfume or cologne on themselves that everybody else tries to get away from them. |
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http://core.ecu.edu/psyc/wuenschk/docs00/Gray-7.doc
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| | Taste |
| | Not having a sense of smell is not the same as having never had such a sense, and though there are certainly parallels in our experience, there is not necessarily a 1-to-1 correspondence. | | | This argument is similar to that commonly made with respect to compensatory abilities involving other senses in blind persons -- that is, the blind person learns more effectively to use information from his or her other senses, to offset the lack of vision. | | | His suggestion was that persons with congenital anosmia may learned to use gustatory information more effectively than do persons who have an olfactory sense, and this suggestion is a quite reasonable one given the recent research on sensory compensation. |
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http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/taste.htm
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| | Smelling: It's More Than Meets the Olfactory Epithelium |
| | While in many animals, the chemical senses play the most important role in perception and survival, in humans they are less involved in behavior than sight or hearing. | | | We don't tend to think of the sense of smell as a mechanism that analyzes physical specimens. | | | In rodents, VNO signals bypass the cerebral cortex, (where conscious awareness lies) and head to parts of the brain that control reproduction and maternal behavior (2). |
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http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web1/Bernstein.html
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| | News Release |
| | The study, published in the March issue of Archives of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, found 37 percent of patients with olfactory impairment experienced at least one olfactory-related hazardous event, compared with 19 percent of patients with normal olfactory function. | | | “Olfactory impairment has long been overlooked as a debilitating condition or public health problem,“ said Evan Reiter, M.D., an otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon in the Smell and Taste Clinic at VCU. | | | “Many people don’t even recognize they have an olfactory problem, until something happens that draws attention to it,“ said Richard Costanzo, Ph.D., a VCU neurophysiologist, who has done extensive research on the regeneration of olfactory nerves. |
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http://www.vcu.edu/uns/Releases/2004/march/031504.html
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| | but fear itself |
| | The olfactory bulb, which handles smells, is the sensory processing center that is most closely linked to our limbic system, where our emotional responses are processed. | | | The neurobiochemical pathways of smell have not yet been completely elucidated; in addition, the olfactory experience suffers from the lack of an adequate lexicon to describe its evanescent and intranslocatable properties. | | | While linking specific smells to fear responses is arguably personal and subjective, the varied approaches which the artists took to their charge underscore the conceptual nature of this subject-specific installation-based exhibition. |
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http://art3idea.ce.psu.edu/einsof/baysa/but_fear_itself.html
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| | Amazon.com: Jacobson's Organ : And the Remarkable Nature of Smell: Books |
| | This sense organ, which consists of two small pits inside the nasal passages, works in combination with what we traditionally understand as our sense of smell. | | | The function of this organ implicates underlying correlation between our olfactory sense and the brain, specifically the limbic system of the brain. | | | Man has created a relatively sterile universe, and it seems that we could do without the fifth sense; however, research suggests that malfunctions of olfactory system in humans result in severe disorientation, depressions and suicidal moods. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0452282586?v=glance
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Smell |
| | Try some experiments to test your sense of smell. | | | For more information about the sense of smell, see: | | | The olfactory tract transmits the signals to the brain to areas such as the olfactory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nosek.html
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| | What Causes Smell? |
| | There is also something else involved in the sense of smell called the "trigeminal sense" named after the 5th cranial nerve which is involved with this sense. | | | Even so, certain animals have vastly better senses of smell that we humans. | | | Odors are detected through our olfactory sense by the olfactory "chemoreceptors"...dogs have as much as 40, 000,000 per square centimeter. |
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http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen01/gen01322.htm
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| | smell: Definition, Synonyms and Much More From Answers.com |
| | A general impression produced by a predominant quality or characteristic: air, ambiance, atmosphere, aura, feel, feeling, mood, tone. | | | Attempts at classifying the so-called primary sensations of smell have not yet been successful. | | | The sense of smell is not as strongly developed in humans as in many other vertebrates, particularly carnivores which employ olfactory organs to locate food and detect dangerous predators. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/smell
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| | Interactive Fly, Drosophila |
| | The development of olfactory sensilla is not as well characterized as it is for sense organs such as sensory bristles (external sense organs) or chordotonal organs (internal stretch receptors). | | | Thus, its complicated, full name of 'Absent MD neurons and olfactory sensilla', suggests that Amos is required for the identity of a class of multidendritic neurons (MD) and for a class of olfactory sensilla. | | | Differences in their ability to determine olfactory sensillum subtypes are initially suggested by their differing loss-of-function phenotypes, despite their partly overlapping expression domains. |
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http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/hjmuller/amos1.htm
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