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| | Auburn University Detection Canine Program |
 | | A second area of research involves studies of the vulnerability of the olfactory system. | | | A third area of research is investigating the canine olfactory system. | | | , focuses on examining the development and plasticity of olfactory neurons. |
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http://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/cdri/neuroscience.htm
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| | SMELL |
| | Receptors are therefore "tuned" to the vibrational frequency of particular odorants, rather like cones are "tuned" to particular wavelengths of light. | | | The uncus, phylogenetically part of the "smell-brain" (or rhinencephalon), is functionally associated with the whole limbic system (which includes such brain areas as the amygdala, hippocampus, pyriforn cortex and hypothalamus), which is increasingly recognised to be crucial in determining and regulating the entire emotional 'tone'. | | | There is clearly experience-dependent learning in the olfactory system, but whether the response to certain smells (in particular malodours) is "hard-wired" is still a matter of debate. |
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http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/olfact1.html
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| | Robert J. O'Connell - Physiology Faculty - Research - UMass Medical School |
| | We examine olfactory communication in the mouse and hamster, because many aspects of their behavior are specifically determined by olfactory pheromones. | | | Additional anatomical, behavioral and physiological studies are planned to explore the olfactory systems of these, and other, interesting transgenic mice. | | | Preliminary behavioral tests of these animals have revealed a profound deficit in their olfactory preferences for certain natural sources of mouse pheromones. |
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http://www.umassmed.edu/physiology/faculty/oconnell.cfm?start=0
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| | George Gomez: Research on bird olfactory neurons |
| | Although olfaction in birds is generally thought to be of minor importance, many behavioral studies have demonstrated the importance of olfaction in bird feeding and social behavior. | | | One of my past research efforts focused on the physiological properties of human olfactory receptor neurons (see references below). | | | I adopted these techniques for the study of olfaction in birds. |
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http://academic.uofs.edu/faculty/gomezg2/avianorn.htm
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| | The Aromatic Plant Project ~ Aromatic Article Archives |
| | The researchers were brought in by a journalist, who by training recognized that there was something unique going on related to the odor and his emotional experiences. | | | Another discovery is that despite the fact that we tend to lose our sense of smell as we age, there are as many ORN in older people as there are in younger people, and they are usually more responsive. | | | One of the leading researchers, Edmund Pribitkin, at the clinic became interested in the sense of smell through his work as a sinus surgeon, "What happens when you operate on the nose and sinuses is that you're altering not only the function of the sinuses but also the sense of smell." |
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http://www.aromaticplantproject.com/articles_archive/sense_of_smell.html
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| | UPENN :: SMELL AND TASTE CENTER |
| | Histopathology of the olfactory pathway due to ischemia. | | | Effects of laser irradiation on immature olfactory neuroepithelial explants from the rat. | | | Spector, A.C., Travers, S.P., Norgren, R. Taste receptors on the anterior tongue and nasoincisor ducts of rats contribute synergistically to behavioral responses to sucrose. |
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http://www.med.upenn.edu/stc/publications1.html
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| | STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM OF BIGEYE TUNE, THUNNUS |
| | Thus, the olfactory system might play a vital role in food procurement, social interaction and migration behaviors in tunas and marlins. | | | Future research into other large and small fast-swimming pelagic perciformes is needed to better understand the central design of the olfactory system and it's function in fish behavior. | | | In fish olfactory system plays vital roles in fish behavior including food search, social interaction and migration orientation. |
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http://swfsc.ucsd.edu/tunaconf/TC51Abst/Mana.html
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| | UBC Department of Zoology - Jane Roskams |
| | Isolation and culture from the rat olfactory bulb. | | | (1992) Transferrin receptor expression in myelin deficient (md) rats. | | | (1998) Expression of neuron-specific beta-III tubulin during olfactory neurogenesis in the embryonic and adult rat. |
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http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~roskams/janesZooPage.html
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| | Auburn University Office of Technology Transfer |
| | Graph depicting the average olfactory sensitivity of dogs to cyclohexanone, methyl benzoate, nitroglycerin and dimethyl dinitro butane. | | | Dogs are trained to wait for a broken tone, insert their muzzle into the nose cone, hold it there for several seconds until a continuous tone sounds, withdraw their muzzle and press particular levers depending on the odor presented and experimental procedure. | | | Utilizing behavioral and physiological examination of olfactory detection sensitivity, the IBDS is a state-of-the-art provider of canine detection technology and application. |
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http://www.auburn.edu/research/vpr/ipttadm/olfaction.htm
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| | Univ. Maryland, Dept. Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medicine, Trese Leinders-Zufall |
| | The past couple of years have seen an explosion of studies aimed at understanding the role of the VNO in olfactory communication and pheromone sensing, but a key question remains: What is the nature of the signal transduction mechanism in vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs)? | | | Electrophysiological techniques including whole cell and single channel patch clamp recording as well as perforated patch clamp techniques. | | | In mice, the VNO recognizes a wide variety of chemosignals that regulate social behavior and signal individuality. |
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http://neurobiology.umaryland.edu/trese.htm
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| | Tim Jacob |
| | Pigment in the olfactory epithelium contributes towards smell | | | Has TTX-sensitive Na channels on its apical membrane | | | Olfactory neurones are unable to fire action potentials |
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http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/chemTF.html
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| | Roskams Lab - ORN Apoctosis |
| | Christine is testing the role of caspase 8 and AIF in how ORNs change in their vulnerability to undergo apoptosis from their progenitor state, through to adulthood, using a combination of viral and conditional knockout approaches. | | | Cath is examining the interplay between caspases and their intracellular regulators during olfactory neuronal degeneration at the biochemical and molecular level. | | | Teresa and France are testing transgenic, viral expression and pharmacological ways to manipulate the pattern of ORN death and replacement using excitotoxicity. |
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http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~roskams/Apoptosis.html
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| | Home Page for Stuart Firestein's Lab |
| | Multiple approaches are brought to bear on these questions including electrophsyiological (from patch clamp to field potential recording techniques); molecular biological, immunohistochemica l and anatomical techniques and tools. | | | Several experimental manipulations have been developed to induce neuronal regeneration and proliferation in vivo, a llowing one to harvest neurons with a known date of birth. | | | By applying physiological techniques for cell recording we are quantifying biophysical parameters, such as the appearance of ion channels or receptors and the development of synaptic contacts, in developing neurons. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/faculty/firestein/fire1.html
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| | Department of Neuroscience at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: Faculty Personal Pages |
| | Our laboratory is interested in the process of neuronal development and in neurodevelopmental disorders. | | | Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptides and alpha-amidation in olfactory neurogenesis and neuronal survival in vitro. | | | Specifically, we use molecular, cellular, and biochemical techniques to determine the role of factors, such as neuropeptides and neurotrophins, in olfactory receptor neuronal development and differentiation. |
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http://neuroscience.jhu.edu/peopledetail.asp?ID=31
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| | olfactory bulb: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
| | These cells probably have some role in negative feedback. | | | The olfactory bulb is a part of the brain that is a distinct outgrowth from the forebrain of mammals. | | | As one might guess from the name, it plays a major role in olfaction, which is the perception of smells. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/olfactory-bulb
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| | Encyclopedia article on Nose [EncycloZine] |
| | See also: sneeze, photic sneeze reflex, nose-picking, nosebleed, Little's area, olfactory system. | | | In cetaceans, the nose has been reduced to the nostrils, which have migrated to the top of the head, producing a more streamlined body shape and the ability to breathe while mostly submerged. | | | Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. |
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http://encyclozine.com/Nose
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| | Bert Menco, Ph.D. |
| | Some indication of the location and topography of chemosensory signal processing has been gained through biochemical and physiological studies and through light microscopy. | | | The overall purpose of our research is to gain insight into the function and interrelationships of key molecules involved in chemosensory, which is olfactory, vomeronasal, and gustatory signaling based on their ultrastructural localization. | | | The olfactory cilia, in particular their long distal parts, and VNO and gustatory microvilli provide a large area of interface between the external chemical environment and the sensory cells. |
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http://www.northwestern.edu/neurobiology/faculty/menco2.html
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| | UC Neuroscience - Robert C. Gesteland |
| | Recently our research group has pioneered a new technique that has promise of resolving the long-standing odor identification problem. | | | Kleene, S.J. and Gesteland, R.C. (1991) Calcium-activated chloride conductance in frog olfactory cilia. | | | My research centers on understanding the mechanisms by which odorants are detected in the vertebrate nose and the nervous processes that allow one odor to be distinguished from another. |
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http://www.med.uc.edu/departme/NEURO/F11.htm
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| | OdorMapDB Home Page |
| | The main maps archived here are based on original studies using 2-deoxyglucose and on current studies using high resolution fMRI in mouse and rat. | | | OdorMapDB is designed to be a database to support the experimental analysis of the molecular and functional organization of the olfactory bulb and its basis for the perception of smell. | | | This database is supported by the Human Brain Project (NIDCD, NIMH, NIA, NICD, NINDS) and MURI (Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative). |
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http://senselab.med.yale.edu/senselab/OdorMapDB
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| | Olfactory receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Like the immune system, this system allows molecules that have never been encountered before to be characterized. | | | Each individual odor receptor is broadly tuned to be activated by a number of similar structures. | | | According to an analysis of the Human genome project, humans have 347 functional genes coding for olfactory receptors. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odorant_receptor
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| | Univ. Maryland, Dept. Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medicine, Jae Hyung Koo |
| | Diagram of the primary olfactory pathway is the bipolar olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), with a cell body and dendrite in the olfactory epithelium of peripheral nervous system (PNS). | | | Stimulus-dependent regulation of neuronal function in response to changes in the chemical environment ultimately lies in changes of gene expression in the olfactory epithelium. | | | The olfactory system is, therefore, a very useful model to study how the brain function reacts to environmental stimulus. |
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http://neurobiology.umaryland.edu/koo.htm
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| | Olfactory receptor neuron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Most neurons in other parts of the nervous system cannot be replaced, so research focusing on how stem cells differentiate into olfactory sensory neurons could lead to the use of these stem cells to replace damaged or degenerated neurons in the brain, spinal cord, or other parts of the nervous system. | | | Many tiny hair-like cilia protrude from the olfactory receptor cell's dendrite into the mucus covering the surface of the olfactory epithelium. | | | An olfactory receptor neuron, also called an olfactory sensory neuron, is the primary transduction cell for olfaction in the olfactory system. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_receptor_neuron
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| | Olfactory receptor neurons exist as distinct subclasses of immature and mature cells in primary culture. |
| | Primary cultures of olfactory epithelium enriched in olfactory neurons would provide a useful model to study the processes of neurogenesis, differentiation and senescence. | | | To determine whether immature olfactory neurons could be isolated in primary culture and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these processes, culture conditions which selectively favored the presence of immature olfactory neurons were optimized. | | | The processes of neuronal differentiation and survival are key questions in neurobiology. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_10501454.html
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| | Re: How many nerves are involved in smelling and what does each nerve smell? |
| | In addition to these 20-50 million olfactory receptor neurons, there are many, many other neurons throughout the brain that are involved in the conscious perception of, identification of, and reaction to a smell. | | | The response of an olfactory receptor neuron is thought to be generated by the odorant molecule binding to the appropriate kind or kinds of olfactory receptors. | | | One group is the olfactory receptor neurons that I just described and the axons of these neurons form the olfactory nerve. |
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http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1999-11/941865207.Ns.r.html
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| | UC Neuroscience - Steven J. Kleene |
| | Kleene, S.J. and Gesteland, R.C. (1991) Calcium-activated chloride conductance in frog olfactory cilia. | | | Kleene, S.J. and Gesteland, R.C. (1991) Transmembrane currents in frog olfactory cilia. | | | This stimulus transduction takes place in olfactory receptor neurons, which are part of the sensory epithelium lining the nasal cavity. |
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http://www.med.uc.edu/departme/NEURO/F19.htm
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| | Recent Research-Wachowiak Lab |
| | We are also investigating the regulation of olfactory input to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb by presynaptic inhibition, mediated by inhibitory feedback from glomerular interneurons. | | | This study introduces the use of synaptopHluorin expressed in all olfactory receptor neurons to image olfactory input to the mouse olfactory bulb. | | | This paper describes the use of the calcium dye-loading technique for imaging olfactory input to the bulb. |
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http://people.bu.edu/dmattw/research.htm
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| | Yale scientists decipher odor code |
| | According to Carlson, this receptor-to-neuron map is the first map of its kind of the olfactory system. | | | The work was supported by a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship to Elissa Hallem, and by National Institutes of Health grants and a McKnight Investigator Award to John Carlson; co-author Michael Ho, was a Yale undergraduate. | | | "We hope that this map in the fruit fly will serve as a model for the olfactory systems of insects such as mosquitoes that transmit disease as well as for more complex organisms, including humans," said Carlson. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-06/yu-ysd062204.php
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| | University of Cincinnati, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Publications |
| | Impulse Conduction of olfactory receptor neuron axons", Microscopy Research and Technique (in Press). | | | Activation of locus coeruleus enhances the responses of olfactory bulb mitral cells to weak olfactory nerve input. | | | Evidence for cholinergic regulation of basal norepinephrine release in the rat olfactory bulb. |
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http://www.biology.uc.edu/pubs/Publishing.htm
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| | Anne L. Calof: Selected Publications |
| | Colony-forming progenitors from mouse olfactory epithelium: evidence for feedback regulation of neuron production. | | | Factors affecting neuronal birth and death in the mammalian olfactory epithelium. | | | Opposing effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on neuron production and survival in the olfactory receptor neuron lineage. |
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http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/anatomy/calofpub.html
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| | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 |
| | An electric signal is triggered in the olfactory receptor neuron and sent to the brain via nerve processes. | | | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 | | | Each olfactory receptor cell expresses only one type of odorant receptor, and each receptor can detect a limited number of odorant substances. |
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http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/2004/illpres/3_receptors.html
(187 words)
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| | Sample Midterm #4 questions |
| | what would happen to the membrane potential if you added phosphodiesterase to an olfactory receptor neuron that utilizes the cyclic nucleotide pathway. | | | You find that the firing pattern changes from a beating to a bursting pattern (shown below) when you expose the neuron to a certain neuropeptide. | | | Furthermore, you can block the transformation from a beating pattern to a bursting pattern with a molecule that inhibits phospholipase C. What channel type or types is (are) most likely involved? |
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http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~mplummer/lab/AN_SMid4.htm
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| | 11th Hour - Introduction to Neuroscience |
| | The entry point for the cycle is the combination of an odorant molecule with a specific receptor molecule (R) in the cilia of the olfactory receptor neuron. | | | Ga and Gbg represent the alpha and beta/gamma subunits of the olfactory G-protein, respectively. | | | Activated forms of molecules are indicated in red, with an asterisk (*). |
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http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/11thhour/matt/about/u3c10b.html
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| | Insect Olfaction: A Map Of Smell In The Brain |
| | Two new studies map the projections of the great majority of these neurons into stereotyped positions in the fly brain, giving us an almost complete atlas of olfactory information transfer. | | | Insect Olfaction: A Map Of Smell In The Brain, Current Biol. | | | Abstract: Humans use three classes of photoreceptor to span the visible spectrum, but smell relies on hundreds of distinct classes of olfactory receptor neuron. |
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http://www.comdig.org/print_article.php?id_article=22580
(109 words)
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| | Biologjia Online: Coexpression of Two Functional Odor Receptors in One Neuron |
| | A fundamental principle in the field of olfaction is that each olfactory receptor neuron expresses a single odorant receptor. | | | This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar. | | | Coexpression of multiple receptors in a cell could provide an additional degree of freedom for odor coding. |
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http://biologji.blogspot.com/2005/03/coexpression-of-two-functional-odor.html
(247 words)
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| | OrDB (Data) |
| | NeuronDB ID Other Categories that may reference "olfactory receptor neuron" |
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http://senselab.med.yale.edu/senselab/ORDB/eavData.asp?o=145
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| | PowerPoint Presentation |
| | A class of olfactory receptor neurons expressing one 7-tm odor receptor labeled by driving a morphological marker (b-gal expression) only in the neurons expressing that receptor. | | | Mombaerts – Rockefeller U. Neuron Tract Labeling by Genetic Manipulation | | | axons of receptor neurons projecting to glomerular targets in the olfactory bulb |
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http://www.tufts.edu/sackler/neuroscience/Neurosci201/Kauer/Kauer-lecture2_files/slide0099.htm
(49 words)
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| | biology - List of biochemistry topics |
| | kainic acid receptor - kallidin - kappa opioid receptor - kappa-chain immunoglobulin - karyoplasm - karyotype - Kelvin - keratin - Kinase - kinesin - kinetic energy - kinetics - knock-out mouse - Krebs cycle - |
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http://www.biologydaily.com/biology/List_of_biochemistry_topics
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