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| | NERVE - LoveToKnow Article on NERVE |
 | | The inusculo cutaneous nerve supplies the peroneus longus and brevis muscles, and the rest of the skin of the dorsum, of the foot, and lower part of the leg, while the skin of the upper part of the dorsum of the leg, below the knee, is supplied by the external popliteal before its division. | | | The spinal nerves are those which arise from each side of the spinal cord and are distributed to the trunk and limbs, though some of the upper ones supply the lower parts of the head and face. | | | The external eutaneous nerve (L.2, 3) supplies the skin of the outer side of the thigh, while the anterior crural (L.2, 3, 4) innervates the muscles on the front of the thigh, the skin on the front and inner From A. Paterson, in cunninghams Toxt-Book of Anatomy. |
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http://66.1911encyclopedia.org/N/NE/NERVE.htm
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| | eMedicine - Anatomy of Olfactory System : Article by Amir Vokshoor, MD |
| | Gilman S, Newman SW: The rhinencephalon and olfactory reflexes. | | | These signals, which are not detected consciously as odors by the olfactory system, mediate human autonomic, psychological, and endocrine responses. | | | As a chemical sensor, the olfactory system detects food and influences social and sexual behavior. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic564.htm
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| | Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain - Inhalation Toxicology, (in press, 2004) |
| | C in the olfactory bulb over the 7-day post-exposure period, suggesting that a most likely pathway of translocation of solid UFP from the upper respiratory tract is indeed via the olfactory nerve. | | | C in the olfactory bulb of rats which led us to hypothesize that routes for extrapulmonary translocation of solid UPF other than via the blood circulation exist, i.e., involving neuronal pathways from deposits on the nasal olfactory mucosa via the olfactory nerve. | | | Considering that only 5% of the human nasal mucosa is olfactory epithelium as opposed to 50% in rats (Keyhani et al., 1997; Kimbell et al., 1997), one can question the importance of olfactory nerve translocation for UFP in humans. |
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http://www.mindfully.org/Health/2004/Nonoparticles-On-Brain2004.htm
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| | Cranial Nerve Dysfunction |
| | Dysphagia and dysarthria are caused by injury to the nuclei of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. | | | Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI) - In a complete injury of the abducens nerve, the affected eye is turned medially. | | | Delayed loss of vision is due to infarction of the optic nerve or, less frequently, by hematoma surrounding the nerve |
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http://calder.med.miami.edu/pointis/tbiprov/MEDICINE/sense1.html
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| | SMELL |
| | The uncus, phylogenetically part of the "smell-brain" (or rhinencephalon), is functionally associated with the whole limbic system (which includes such brain areas as the amygdala, hippocampus, pyriforn cortex and hypothalamus), which is increasingly recognised to be crucial in determining and regulating the entire emotional 'tone'. | | | They are the non-myelinating cells that wrap around (ensheath) olfactory axons within both the peripheral and and central nervous system portions of the primary olfactory pathway. | | | There is clearly experience-dependent learning in the olfactory system, but whether the response to certain smells (in particular malodours) is "hard-wired" is still a matter of debate. |
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http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/olfact1.html
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Cranial Nerves |
| | Some of these nerves bring information from the sense organs to the brain; other cranial nerves control muscles; other cranial nerves are connected to glands or internal organs such as the heart and lungs. | | | Although the vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance, we will only test the hearing portion of the nerve here. | | | These tests are not meant to be a "clinical examination" of the cranial nerves. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cranial.html
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| | Olfactory nerve (CN I or 1) (from nervous system, human) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The sympathetic nervous system connects the internal organs to the brain by spinal nerves. | | | Information about the outside world as well as the inner workings of the body speeds to and from the brain through nerves. | | | See how the brain and spinal cord use the peripheral nervous system to send messages throughout your body. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-75568?tocId=75568
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| | Marian Resio-----------New Page Portfolio |
| | This nerve is a direct link to our emotions, memory and learning. | | | The sense of smell is 10,000 times more sensitive than any of the other senses. | | | Without the sense of smell, our capabilities to enjoy food or sex are greatly diminished. |
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http://www.concentric.net/~mresio/olfnerv.html
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| | Nerve response |
| | In our data the increased amplitude of the nerve response evoked by stimulation was the most obvious feature, but efforts to learn from it were unproductive. | | | "Wavelet Analysis of Olfactory Nerve Response to Stimulus" | | | Changes in the patterns of wavelet events can be associated with synchrony of cell firing, reset times for bursts of firing, and possibly other physiological dynamics. |
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http://www.ecs.syr.edu/faculty/lewalle/nrv95.html
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| | [No title] |
| | CRANIAL NERVE I: OLFACTORY NERVE The olfactory nerve is a purely sensory nerve responsible for the sense of olfaction. | | | In frogs and reptiles there is a nerve called nervus terminalis which originally was thought not to exist in higher primates and humans. | | | The optic nerve brings information to the brain in response to light which strikes the retina. |
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http://www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/som/students/2003/Lectures/body19.doc
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| | Structure of a DNA attack - The Rockefeller University Scientist |
| | The difference is fundamental and it suggests a new explanation for how the olfactory system wires itself to perceive smell. | | | The question for Feinstein and Mombaerts: How do all these axons find their way to such a tiny and precise spot in the brain? | | | How can a developing axon be drawn to a structure which does not yet exist? |
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http://www.rockefeller.edu/pubinfo/news_notes/rus_071604_g.php
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| | Formation of glomerulus-like structures by the olfactory nerve neonatal bulbectomy. |
| | Evidence presented here suggests that glomerulus formation within the olfactory bulb of the rat, which is mostly a postnatal event, is directed by the olfactory nerve rather than by the influences of mitral and tufted cells. | | | Formation of glomerulus-like structures by the olfactory nerve neonatal bulbectomy. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_477838.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Both basic and clinical studies of the olfactory system are applicable to the present Request for Applications (RFA). | | | These kits are available from the NIDCD Program Administrator address cited below and from the Division of Research Grants, National Institutes of Health, Westwood Building, Room 449, Bethesda, MD 20892, telephone (301) 496-7441. | | | According to some investigators, the olfactory deficits expressed in the early stages of a number of disorders may result from substances that entered the brain through the olfactory nerve. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/nih-nsf/rfadc-92-05.910906
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| | Development of olfactory nerve glia defined by a monoclonal antibody specific for Schwann cells. |
| | Although there is considerable interest in the possible role of olfactory glia in the pathfinding abilities of olfactory nerve axons, the complete development of these glia in vivo has not been described. | | | These results support and extend previous findings suggesting that olfactory nerve glia have distinctive developmental and anatomical features which may be important to the regenerative capacity of the olfactory system. | | | These glia appear to originate in the olfactory placode and migrate initially into the periphery of the olfactory nerve, and later into the center of the nerve. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_1281697.html
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| | olfactory nerve palsy - General Practice Notebook |
| | A change in smell sensation due to a olfactory nerve palsy can be uni- or bilateral in nature. | | | Lesions are most likely to cause anosmia and a bilateral lesion is more likely to be detected by routine enquiries about an individual's sense of smell. |
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http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-1106903017
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| | Olfactory bulb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | These cells probably have some role in negative feedback. | | | The olfactory bulb is a part of the brain that is a distinct outgrowth from the forebrain of mammals. | | | As one might guess from the name, it plays a major role in olfaction, which is the perception of smells. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_bulb
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| | NIH Guide: VULNERABILITY OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM TO THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTALTOXICANTS AND PATHOGENS |
| | The development of tissue culture methods allows the pharmacologic manipulation of olfactory plasticity, neurogenesis, and interactions between the olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb. | | | According to some investigators, the olfactory deficits expressed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease may result from substances that entered the brain through the olfactory nerve. | | | However, the longevity of an olfactory cell can be readily modified or manipulated by environmental factors, both in nature and in the laboratory. |
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http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-93-024.html
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| | Olfactory Nerve Pathways |
| | These nerve fibers pass through tiny openings in the ethmoid bone and lead to neurons located in enlargements called "olfactory bulbs." These structures lie on either side of the ethmoid bone. | | | Once olfactory (smell) receptors have been stimulated, nerve impulses are triggered, and they travel along the axons of the receptor cells that are the fibers of the olfactory nerves. | | | From this location, the impulses travel along the "olfactory tracts" to interpreting centers located in the base of the frontal lobes (olfactory cortex) of the brain. |
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http://www.innerbody.com/text/nerv120.html
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| | Sense of Smell |
| | Central processing of olfactory dysfunction involves structures like the amygdala and the hippocampus | | | In fact, within the olfactory pathway only two synapses are needed to mediate olfactory information to these "limbic structures" (for a discussion of this term see | | | Major determinants of olfactory sensitivity are gender and age. |
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http://www.senseofsmell.org/feature/whitepaper/whitepaper02.php
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| | Introduction to Sensory Systems |
| | Olfactory pathways are closely linked to brain structures involved in: | | | These axons form Cranial nerve #1 (Olfactory nerve). | | | These projections are unique in that the olfactory system projects directly to the cortex as opposed to going through the thalamus first, as the other sensory systems do. |
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http://www.vancouver.wsu.edu/fac/morgan/lecture/chemical.html
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| | Re: How many nerves are involved in smelling and what does each nerve smell? |
| | Re: How many nerves are involved in smelling and what does each nerve smell? | | | The axons from these nerve cells form part of what is called the trigeminal nerve. | | | In addition to these 20-50 million olfactory receptor neurons, there are many, many other neurons throughout the brain that are involved in the conscious perception of, identification of, and reaction to a smell. |
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http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1999-11/941865207.Ns.r.html
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| | Olfactory Nerve on Almondnet |
| | A tutorial on the sense of smell, What's NEW in smell, including a guide to the olfactory system, the anatomy and physiology of smell, notes on smell research, key facts relating to smell, information relating to smell and the perception of... | | | To perceive the scent of by means of the olfactory nerves. | | | Smell is one of the chemical senses, the other being taste... |
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http://www.hearing-aid-batteries-uk.co.uk/hearing/olfactory_nerve.html
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| | Patent 6,407,061 |
| | Disclosed is a method for transporting neurologic therapeutic agents to the brain by means of the olfactory neural pathway and a pharmaceutical composition useful in the treatment of brain disorders. | | | Prophylactic treatment of brain disease may involve the direct or indirect application of neurologic therapeutic agents to the olfactory epithelium. | | | Application of a neurologic therapeutic agent to the olfactory sensory neurons also in part treats and/or prevents the loss of smell which may be associated with neurodegenerative diseases and ordinary aging. |
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http://www.pharmcast.com/Patents/Yr2002/June2002/061802/6407061_Insulin061802.htm
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| | Olfactory nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The olfactory nerve is the shortest of all the twelve cranial nerves and only one of two cranial nerves (the other being the optic nerve) that do not join with the brainstem. | | | The olfactory nerve is the first of twelve cranial nerves. | | | Whilst blocking one of the patient's nostrils, place a pungent odour (such as camp coffee essence) under the open nostril. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_nerve
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| | ICP monitors |
| | About 50% of patients with CSF rhinorrhea will have anosmia | | | Sixth nerve palsy is usually associated with fracture of the petrous temporal or sphenoid bones. | | | Diplopia may be caused by orbital trauma, orbital fractures, orbital hematoma, ocular muscle or peripheral nerve damage |
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http://www.ucsf.edu/nreview/08-CNSTrauma/CranialNerveTrauma.html
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| | * Olfactory - (Disease): Definition |
| | Cranial Nerve Diseases - Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. | | | Patients commonly experience a variety of psychic, gustatory, olfactory, and autonomic symptoms... | | | With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate... |
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http://www.bestknows.com/disease/olfactory.html
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| | IX. Neurology. 5a. The Olfactory Nerves. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. |
| | The olfactory nerves are non-medullated, and consist of axis-cylinders surrounded by nucleated sheaths, in which, however, there are fewer nuclei than are found in the sheaths of ordinary non-medullated nerve fibers. | | | The nerves originate from the central or deep processes of the olfactory cells of the nasal mucous membrane. | | | The axons of the olfactory cells grow into the overlying olfactory bulb and form the olfactory nerves. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/107/196.html
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| | What's That Smell? The Nose Knows |
| | Olfactory is a fancy word that has to do with smelling. | | | The brain's job is to interpret the nerve signals and identify the smell for you. | | | Identifying smells is your brain's way of telling you about your environment and keeping you safe. |
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http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/nose_SW_p3.html
(452 words)
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| | olfactory nerve |
| | first cranial nerve; conveys the sense of smell; it is formed by the axons of olfactory receptor neurons which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the olfactory bulb. |
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http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/Thesaurus/00005780.htm
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| | ICP monitors |
| | The secondary olfactory cortex is found at area 28. | | | The piriform area is the functional olfactory cortex. | | | Mitral cell processes pass to the lateral anterior perforated substance to the prepiriform cortex (also called the uncus which is the primary olfactory cortex). |
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http://www.ucsf.edu/nreview/02.2-Anatomy-CranialNerves/CN01-olafactory.html
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| | [No title] |
| | The olfactory nerve, Cranial Nerve II, is actually an extension of the brain, because it has no nerve cell body. | | | Function: Based upon their structure, chemicals from the environment attach to some of the many specific receptor structures in the mucus membranes of the nose. | | | A signal is also sent to the cerebrum where memory associations are sorted, and appropriate responses, perhaps an escape from a preditor, are generated by the motor cortex. |
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http://k-2.stanford.edu/InfoFrames/CNS.1.4.html
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| | Yale- Cranial Nerve 1, pg. 1 |
| | The olfactory nerve has only a special sensory component. | | | The olfactory system consists of the olfactory epithelium, bulbs and tracts along with olfactory areas of the brain collectively known as the rhinencephalon. | | | Special sensory (special afferent)- Functions in the special sense of smell or olfaction. |
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http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/cnerves/cn1/cn1_1.html
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| | Olfactory Bulbs Nerves |
| | The olfactory nerves themselves were left in the animal's nasal epithilium when the brain was removed from the skull cavity. | | | Second-order neurons implies that these are the second neurons in the chain of olfactory neurons carrying olfactory information to the brain. |
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http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00i/dissfa01/olfactory.html
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| | SENSATION AND PERCEPTION - EYES AND EARS |
| | the cranial nerve that carries sound from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain | | | deafness that results from damage to the auditory nerve | | | the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that transmits sound impulses to the auditory nerve |
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http://www.cgribben.com/quizzes/P-4-eyes.htm
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| | olfactory nerve |
| | either one of the first pair of cranial nerves, consisting of sensory fibers that conduct to the brain the impulses from the mucous membranes of the nose. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipd/A0566226.html
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| | Practice test 1 |
| | Damage to the ____________ nerve would prevent you from being able to chew. | | | The nerve that allows you to move your eyes laterally is known as the ___________. | | | In the medulla these same fibers are known as the ____________ __________. |
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http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00i/dissfa01/Pract1.html
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| | OLFACTORY NERVE |
| | Cranial nerve I carries impulses for the sense of smell. | | | The medical glossary has been made possible by a generous donation from: |
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http://www.medhelp.org/glossary/new/GLS_3128.HTM
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| | [No title] |
| | to the otic ganglion; postganglionic parasympathetic via the auriculotemporal n.)GVA: carotid body, carotid sinus, pharynx, middle ear; GSA: skin of the external ear; SVA: taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tonguealso known as: CN IX, 9th cranial nerve; the glossopharyngeal n. | | | is motor only; the subtrapezial plexus of nerves receives proprioceptive fibers: for the sternocleidomastoid m. | | | of the eye (GSE)nonealso known as: CN IV, 4th cranial nerve; the trochlear n. |
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http://www-personal.umich.edu/~benwei/cgi-data/danchan/study/Nerves.doc
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| | Merriam-Webster Online |
| | For More Information on "olfactory" go to Britannica.com | | | Get the Top 10 Search Results for "olfactory" |
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http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?olfactory
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| | Nasal Anatomy |
| | CN I forms olfactory bulb over cribiform plate |
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http://www.fpnotebook.com/ENT60.htm
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