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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Chemical Senses |
 | | Olfactory abilities vary widely among individuals -- we all know someone who is able to smell things when no one else can, or someone who doesn't seem to mind an unpleasant odor when most people do. | | | For some experiments, such as the olfactory lab, brainstorming is probably best. | | | These areas have connections to the limbic system (including the hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus), which is important in emotional states and in memory formation (see Figure 3). |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chems.html
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| | eMedicine - Anatomy of Olfactory System : Article by Amir Vokshoor, MD |
| | Gilman S, Newman SW: The rhinencephalon and olfactory reflexes. | | | These signals, which are not detected consciously as odors by the olfactory system, mediate human autonomic, psychological, and endocrine responses. | | | As a chemical sensor, the olfactory system detects food and influences social and sexual behavior. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic564.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | A brief course of systemic steroid therapy can be used in distinguishing between conductive and sensorineural olfactory loss. | | | Early studies of posttraumatic olfactory loss suggest a 4-7% incidence of anosmia following head injury. | | | Replacement of neuroepithelium with respiratory epithelium is again noted. |
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http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Olfactory-2003-1126/Olfactory-2003-1126.doc
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| | SMELL |
| | The uncus, phylogenetically part of the "smell-brain" (or rhinencephalon), is functionally associated with the whole limbic system (which includes such brain areas as the amygdala, hippocampus, pyriforn cortex and hypothalamus), which is increasingly recognised to be crucial in determining and regulating the entire emotional 'tone'. | | | There is clearly experience-dependent learning in the olfactory system, but whether the response to certain smells (in particular malodours) is "hard-wired" is still a matter of debate. | | | They are the non-myelinating cells that wrap around (ensheath) olfactory axons within both the peripheral and and central nervous system portions of the primary olfactory pathway. |
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http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/olfact1.html
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| | [P&S Medical Review:December:95] Review: Molecular Analysis of Sensory Processing in the Olfactory System |
| | In addition to conscious perception of the odor, each structure may be associated with different behaviors, memories, and states of physiological arousal. | | | In the somatosensory system, the submodalities of pain and temperature are processed by separate pathways in the spinal cord. | | | Functional organization of rat olfactory bulb analyzed by the 2-deoxyglucose method. |
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http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/news/review/archives/medrev_v3n1_0003.html
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| | Analysis of the Globose Basal Cell Compartment in Rat Olfactory Epithelium Using GBC-1, a New Monoclonal Antibody ... |
| | Other rats were lesioned by ablation of their right olfactory bulb after induction of surgical anesthesia via intramuscular injection of a cocktail of ketamine and acepromazine (10 and 0.05 mg per 100 gm body weight, respectively), as described previously (Schwob et al., 1992 | | | Costanzo RM, Graziadei PPC (1983) A quantitative analysis of changes in the olfactory epithelium following bulbectomy in hamster. | | | Restoring Olfaction: A View from the Olfactory Epithelium |
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http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/16/12/4005
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| | Cardiovascular and Defense |
| | Metaplastic changes in the epithelium can be observed in locations where lymphatic infiltrations are found. | | | The large number of epiglottis slides in this laboratory exercise belies the importance of this organ. | | | The elastic cartilage can be partially replaced by adipose tissue and that is what has apparently happened here except that the cartilage has been mostly replaced. |
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http://www.fsu.edu/~histo/twe~1.htm
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| | Smelling: It's More Than Meets the Olfactory Epithelium |
| | In rodents, VNO signals bypass the cerebral cortex, (where conscious awareness lies) and head to parts of the brain that control reproduction and maternal behavior (2). | | | Researchers believe the VNO is a much more primitive structure that works in a different way than the main olfactory system. | | | So, the rodents have no conscious awareness of their second olfactory system. |
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http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web1/Bernstein.html
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| | Histolab 3c.htm |
| | Your slide may not demonstrate the respiratory epithelium well or at all. | | | What kind of muscle is found in the tongue? | | | Intralveolar Septa: Structures separating alveoli from one another. |
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http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/histolab3c.htm
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| | Gail D. Burd - Univ. of Arizona Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy |
| | The role of the brain in metamorphosis of the olfactory epithelium in the frog, Xenopus laevis. | | | Research in my laboratory is focused on identifying factors that regulate or stimulate development of nervous system, with an emphasis on development of peripheral and central olfactory neurons in the frog, Xenopus laevis. | | | During development, the olfactory epithelium is derived from two thickenings in the sense plate region of the head ectoderm, the olfactory placodes. |
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http://www.cba.arizona.edu/people/faculty/Burd-G.htm
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| | Gomez Lab: research on olfactory neurogenesis |
| | To study olfactory neurogenesis in the human olfactory epithelium, I have been able to establish cultures from biopsies of adult human olfactory epithelium. | | | Characteristics of odorant elicited calcium changes in cultured human olfactory neurons. | | | Current research efforts include characterizing the process of maturation of olfactory neurons using functional (calcium imaging) and immunocytochemical assays. |
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http://academic.uofs.edu/faculty/gomezg2/culture.htm
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| | Lab Exercises-Olfactory Epithelium, Larynx, Trachea |
| | Follow the epithelial lining and note that it changes from Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar) to stratified squamous non-keratinixed epithelium. | | | Continue to study slide 44 and find the following structures. | | | When studying this topic, list the structures in the olfactory and respiratory epithelium that |
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http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/respiratory/olfactory_trachea.htm
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| | Morphology of olfactory epithelium in humans and other vertebrates. |
| | Morphology of olfactory epithelium in humans and other vertebrates. | | | This review addresses the morphology of the human olfactory epithelium and the remarkable plasticity of the vertebrate olfactory system. | | | In order to better understand the human olfactory system, further knowledge of the normal structure is necessary. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_1392071.html
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| | MARILYN L. GETCHELL, Ph.D. |
| | By characterizing changes in relevant oxidative stress markers and correlating their levels and sites of occurrence with neuronal death, we may be able to utilize the peripheral olfactory system as a "window" into the central nervous system for evaluating the progression of neuropathology and for monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer’s patients. | | | Metallothionein in olfactory mucosa of Alzheimer’s disease patients and ApoE deficient mice. | | | In human olfactory tissue from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and from age-matched non-demented elderly controls, we are identifying molecular indicators of oxidative stress and correlating their levels and localization with the numbers and localization of dying olfactory receptor and bulbar neurons. |
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http://www.mc.uky.edu/neurobiology/research/getchell.asp
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| | NIH Guide: STEM CELL POTENTIAL OF THE MAMMALIAN OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM |
| | Olfactory receptor neurons are ordinarily replaced periodically throughout life and also have the capacity to proliferate in response to acute injury. | | | The clinical treatment of anosmia will require a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate differentiation, proliferation and the injury response of precursor, multipotent stem cells in the olfactory epithelium. | | | The NIDCD encourages applications from investigators who are conducting research outside the field of olfaction and possess expertise in stem cell biological research, and who are using methodological approaches that have not been typically applied to but which would greatly promote scientific progress within the field of olfaction. |
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http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DC-03-002.html
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| | Olfactory epithelium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The olfactory eipthelium is the part of the olfactory system directly responsible for detecting odors. | | | The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. | | | Because of its regenerative capacity, damage to the olfactory epithelium can be temporary but in extreme cases, injury can be permanent, leading to anosmia. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_epithelium
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| | Histology Syllabus:Upper Respiratory System |
| | The connective tissue of the pharynx is fibroelastic surrounded by striated muscle of the pharyngeal muscles. | | | The swelling directs most of the air to the other nasal fossa allowing the respiratory epithelium to recover from drying out. | | | The upper pair represent the false (ventricular) vocal cords typically covered by respiratory epithelium with serous glands within the lamina propria. |
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http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/Lecture/Main/tool4.htm
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| | Olfaction: The Sense of Smell |
| | The olfactory epithelium of rats (which is more convenient to study than that of humans) expresses several hundred genes not expressed in other tissues. | | | The action potential is conducted back along the olfactory nerve to the brain. | | | However, rats made to express a single type of receptor in large numbers of their olfactory neurons responded much more vigorously to a single type of odorant than to any of the other 73 tested. |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/O/Olfaction.html
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| | Finding the Odorant Receptors |
| | Third, the genes had to be expressed only in a rat's olfactory epithelium. | | | The string of discoveries that totally changed the study of olfaction resulted from a new emphasis on genetics. | | | Odorant receptors of humans, mice, catfish, dogs, and salamanders have been identified in this way. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/senses/d/d120.htm
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| | Yale- Cranial Nerve 1, pg. 1 |
| | The olfactory system consists of the olfactory epithelium, bulbs and tracts along with olfactory areas of the brain collectively known as the rhinencephalon. | | | The olfactory nerve has only a special sensory component. | | | Special sensory (special afferent)- Functions in the special sense of smell or olfaction. |
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http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/cnerves/cn1/cn1_1.html
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| | Accumulation of Ym1/2 protein in the mouse olfactory epithelium during regeneration and aging. |
| | Thus, destruction of the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) using chemical (intranasal perfusion with ZnSO4) or surgical (axotomy or bulbectomy) methods, leads to an enhanced rate of proliferation of their progenitors and to complete ORNs regeneration. | | | The aim of our study was to identify new factors implied in this regenerative process. | | | Our results suggest that Ym1/2 is involved in olfactory epithelium remodeling following several kinds of lesions of the adult olfactory mucosa and support the view of a critical role of inflammatory cues in neurodegeneration and aging. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_14751284.html
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| | 1999; Regulation of neuron number in mammalian olfactory epithelium |
| | Both in vitro studies, which concentrate on FGF and BMP actions at cellular and molecular levels, and in vivo studies utilizing surgical and transgenic models to understand how different factors act to regulate neuron number in intact and regenerating OE, will be discussed. | | | Evidence from numerous studies also suggests that neurogenesis in the OE is regulated by cell interactions: if surgical or chemical manipulations are used to eliminate differentiated ORNs, production of new ORNs is transiently upregulated to restore the neuronal population. | | | To identify the signals that underlie these regulatory interactions, and to understand how these signals act, we have developed methods to identify and culture neuronal progenitor cells from mouse OE, and have defined conditions that support their proliferation, survival and differentiation. |
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http://www.aro.org/archives/1999/431.html
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Smell |
| | The olfactory tract transmits the signals to the brain to areas such as the olfactory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. | | | Smell and the Olfactory System from the Society for Neuroscience | | | In humans, the olfactory epithelium is located about 7 cm up and into the nose from the nostrils. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nosek.html
(495 words)
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| | Anne L. Calof: Selected Publications |
| | Colony-forming progenitors from mouse olfactory epithelium: evidence for feedback regulation of neuron production. | | | Factors affecting neuronal birth and death in the mammalian olfactory epithelium. | | | Opposing effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on neuron production and survival in the olfactory receptor neuron lineage. |
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http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/anatomy/calofpub.html
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| | PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM |
| | Another example of pseudostratified epithelium, not from your class slide set, is shown below. | | | Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is like columnar epithelium, only it has different nuclear layers. | | | This photo on the left is from your olfactory epithelium slide. |
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http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/epithelia/pseudostratified_columnar.htm
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| | 2. Respiratory System |
| | Note that the olfactory epithelium is much thicker than the ordinary pseudostratified columinar ciliated epithelium of the respiratory system. | | | This pseudostratified columnar epithelium is composed of olfactory cells, sustentacular cells and basal cells. | | | Modified cilia on the surface serve as olfactory receptors. |
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http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/resp/resp02.htm
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| | Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase-Like Immunoreactivity in Olfactory Epithelium Throughout the Life Cycle of the Sea ... |
| | Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase-Like Immunoreactivity in Olfactory Epithelium Throughout the Life Cycle of the Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. This study is the first to show that neuronal nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity is located in the olfactory epithelium at all developmental stages of a vertebrate. | | | These results confirm previous evidence that nitric oxide modulates development in the olfactory epithelium. | | | In the juvenile stage, the intensity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity was striking in the wide cell bodies and dendrites on olfactory receptor neurons. |
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http://www.sgnis.org/publicat/huahzaid.htm
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| | Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations |
| | Microwave effect on camphor binding to rat olfactory epithelium | | | Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link. | | | For a journal article, please see the Resource Relation field. |
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http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6864136
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