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| | The Olfactory Organ |
 | | The intrinsic simplicity of the olfactory epithelium and its direct connections with the brain as well as the not obvious importance of the organ as a whole in the behavior of the humans, allowed for a justifiable neglect. | | | The olfactory mucosa of the rats was isolated, its cells were dissociated and among them olfactory neuroblasts, and after purification they were injected in sterile conditions in young and adult rats in diverse brain location. | | | The olfactory organ has been for a long time neglected by the classic neurobiologists, attracted by the more complex intricacies and the volume of the brain and spinal cord. |
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http://www.montegen.com/html/body_the_olfactory_organ.htm
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| | Olfactory Dysfunction and Disorders |
| | Olfactory impairment that accompanies nasal or sinus disease has been traditionally viewed as being solely conductive. | | | The physical exam should focus on the neurologic system and intranasal anatomy. | | | Early studies of posttraumatic olfactory loss suggest a 4-7% incidence of anosmia following head injury. |
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http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Olfactory-2003-1126/Olfactory-2003-1126.htm
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| | Press Release: The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
| | The olfactory system is the first of our sensory systems that has been deciphered primarily using molecular techniques. | | | For example, the area of the olfactory epithelium in dogs is some forty times larger than in humans. | | | Olfaction is also of paramount importance for many adult animals, since they observe and interpret their environment largely by sensing smell. |
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http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/2004/press.html
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| | SMELL |
| | The uncus, phylogenetically part of the "smell-brain" (or rhinencephalon), is functionally associated with the whole limbic system (which includes such brain areas as the amygdala, hippocampus, pyriforn cortex and hypothalamus), which is increasingly recognised to be crucial in determining and regulating the entire emotional 'tone'. | | | There is clearly experience-dependent learning in the olfactory system, but whether the response to certain smells (in particular malodours) is "hard-wired" is still a matter of debate. | | | They are the non-myelinating cells that wrap around (ensheath) olfactory axons within both the peripheral and and central nervous system portions of the primary olfactory pathway. |
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http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/olfact1.html
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| | eMedicine - Anatomy of Olfactory System : Article by Amir Vokshoor, MD |
| | Gilman S, Newman SW: The rhinencephalon and olfactory reflexes. | | | These signals, which are not detected consciously as odors by the olfactory system, mediate human autonomic, psychological, and endocrine responses. | | | As a chemical sensor, the olfactory system detects food and influences social and sexual behavior. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ENT/topic564.htm
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| | ottolab |
| | In this paper, we describe the potential relationship between olfactory and contextual conditioning in experimental animals and the development and expression of CI in humans. | | | Control experiments indicated that BLA and SHAM subjects did not differ in locomotor activity or in acquisition of a successive-cue odor discrimination task, suggesting that deficits in freezing behavior exhibited by BLA subjects were due neither to an impairment in primary aspects of olfaction nor to a general enhancement of locomotor activity. | | | A series of experiments was conducted to initially characterize the time course of the anatomical and behavioral recovery normally observed following ORN regeneration as a consequence of olfactory nerve transection (ONX), and to subsequently characterize the anatomical and behavioral effects of TGF-a administration on this normal rate of recovery. |
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http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~totto
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| | OLFACTORY TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION FOR SPINAL CORD INJURY |
| | This procedure is clearly preferable to penetrating the cranium to access the olfactory bulb, the OEC source in much animal research. | | | For example, in some cases, the surgery may result in the decompression of the spinal cord, which by itself could result in functional recovery. | | | Based on this potential, scientists have begun to treat humans with chronic injuries, including Portugal’s Dr. Carlos Lima, whose work will be summarized in Part 2. |
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http://www.healingtherapies.info/OlfactoryTissue1.htm
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Chemical Senses |
| | Olfactory abilities vary widely among individuals -- we all know someone who is able to smell things when no one else can, or someone who doesn't seem to mind an unpleasant odor when most people do. | | | For some experiments, such as the olfactory lab, brainstorming is probably best. | | | Because of their curiosity, students usually "play" with lab materials first even in a more traditional lab, so taking advantage of this natural behavior is usually successful. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chems.html
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| | Qing X. Yang, Ph.D., FMRI Investigation of Olfactory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease |
| | Behavioral and neuropathological studies suggest that central olfactory pathways are preferentially involved in the early stages of AD. | | | The purpose of this project is to develop a reliable olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique for clinical research on olfactory deficits occurring in early AD patients. | | | Produce a reliable and robust olfactory fMRI method for routine clinical examination by developing artifact-corrected fMRI techniques and olfactory stimulation hardware and paradigms. |
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http://www.whitaker.org/abstracts/jun99/qyang.html
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| | SOSI: Quality of Life in Olfactory Dysfunction |
| | People with decreased olfactory sensitivity who do not seek counselling are less likely to have a decreased quality of life compared to patients who present themselves actively to specialized centers, where this kind of research is done. | | | Prevalence and assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction in different age groups. | | | In other words, at least in this group of patients, analysis of changes of the quality of life appears to be difficult, as olfactory and respiratory functions are so intimately linked to each other. |
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http://www.senseofsmell.org/feature/whitepaper/whitepaper_print.html
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| | STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM OF BIGEYE TUNE, THUNNUS |
| | Thus, the olfactory system might play a vital role in food procurement, social interaction and migration behaviors in tunas and marlins. | | | Future research into other large and small fast-swimming pelagic perciformes is needed to better understand the central design of the olfactory system and it's function in fish behavior. | | | In fish olfactory system plays vital roles in fish behavior including food search, social interaction and migration orientation. |
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http://swfsc.ucsd.edu/tunaconf/TC51Abst/Mana.html
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| | Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Patients With Schizophrenia -- Turetsky et al. 157 (5): 828 -- American Journal of ... |
| | affecting olfactory functioning (e.g., acute or chronic allergies). | | | Moberg PJ, Agrin R, Gur RE, Gur RC, Turetsky BI, Doty RL: Olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia: a qualitative and quantitative review. | | | Gur RE, Turetsky BI, Yan MX, Bilker W, Gur RC: Reduced gray matter volume in schizophrenia. |
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http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/157/5/828
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| | Gomez Lab: research on olfactory neurogenesis |
| | To study olfactory neurogenesis in the human olfactory epithelium, I have been able to establish cultures from biopsies of adult human olfactory epithelium. | | | Characteristics of odorant elicited calcium changes in cultured human olfactory neurons. | | | Current research efforts include characterizing the process of maturation of olfactory neurons using functional (calcium imaging) and immunocytochemical assays. |
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http://academic.uofs.edu/faculty/gomezg2/culture.htm
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| | HHMI News: Researchers Discover Precise Olfactory Map |
| | This finding hints that the amygdala might receive information from only a subset of odor receptors–-"receptors that detect odorants that are important to the animal—in terms of emotions or instinctive responses." | | | Each day, we use our noses to help make sense of our surroundings. | | | The olfactory cortex is actually composed of several distinct brain structures, each of which may have a different function. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/news/buck3.html
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| | Olfactory bulb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | These cells probably have some role in negative feedback. | | | The olfactory bulb is a part of the brain that is a distinct outgrowth from the forebrain of mammals. | | | As one might guess from the name, it plays a major role in olfaction, which is the perception of smells. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_bulb
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| | NIH Guide: OLFACTORY NEUROGENESIS |
| | Examples of approaches that can be used to study olfactory neurogenesis include, but are not limited to, those below. | | | o Characterize and identify mechanisms responsible for changes occurring in olfactory neurogenesis as a function of age of the organism. | | | These neurons develop from precursor cells in the olfactory epithelium both under normal physiologic conditions and after various experimental procedures, such as chemical exposure and naris closure, that change the rate of cell division. |
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http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-95-090.html
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| | How Rats and Mice—and Probably Humans—Recognize Odors |
| | From studies with catfish, whose odorant receptors proved very similar to those of rats, Axel and his associates soon concluded that a given olfactory neuron can make only one or a few odorant receptors. | | | This synapse actually forms in the olfactory bulb, which is a part of the brain. | | | Each olfactory neuron in the nose has a long fiber, or axon, that pokes through a tiny opening in the bone above it, the cribriform plate, to make a connection, or synapse, with other neurons. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/senses/d/d130.htm
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| | OdorMapDB Home Page |
| | The main maps archived here are based on original studies using 2-deoxyglucose and on current studies using high resolution fMRI in mouse and rat. | | | OdorMapDB is designed to be a database to support the experimental analysis of the molecular and functional organization of the olfactory bulb and its basis for the perception of smell. | | | This database is supported by the Human Brain Project (NIDCD, NIMH, NIA, NICD, NINDS) and MURI (Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative). |
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http://senselab.med.yale.edu/senselab/OdorMapDB
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| | Olfactory nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The olfactory nerve is the shortest of all the twelve cranial nerves and only one of two cranial nerves (the other being the optic nerve) that do not join with the brainstem. | | | The olfactory nerve is the first of twelve cranial nerves. | | | Whilst blocking one of the patient's nostrils, place a pungent odour (such as camp coffee essence) under the open nostril. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_nerve
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| | Nutrition Reviews: Olfactory Receptors and Odor Coding in Mammals |
| | From there, olfactory information is transmitted to higher cortical areas thought to be involved in the conscious perception and discrimination of odors, as well as to limbic areas that may control their emotional and motivational effects. | | | Another olfactory structure in the nasal septum of animals, the vomeronasal organ, has two additional receptor families that detect pheromones and induce hormonal and behavioral responses through a different projection to the brain. | | | In addition to odorants, the olfactory system detects pheromones, chemicals that are released from animals and stimulate hormonal or behavioral responses in members of the same species.3,4 This paper describes experiments that we have done to investigate two questions: 1) How does the olfactory system detect so many different chemicals? |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3624/is_200411/ai_n9470716
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| | Olfactory receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | According to an analysis of the Human genome project, humans have 347 functional genes coding for olfactory receptors. | | | Olfactory receptors may make up as much as 3% of the genome. | | | This aspect provides for the identification of an almost limitless number of different molecules. |
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http://www.hartselle.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Odorant_receptor
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| | IX. Neurology. 5a. The Olfactory Nerves. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. |
| | The olfactory nerves are non-medullated, and consist of axis-cylinders surrounded by nucleated sheaths, in which, however, there are fewer nuclei than are found in the sheaths of ordinary non-medullated nerve fibers. | | | The nerves originate from the central or deep processes of the olfactory cells of the nasal mucous membrane. | | | The olfactory center in the cortex is generally associated with the rhinencephalon (page 826). |
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http://www.bartleby.com/107/196.html
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| | [No title] |
| | During breathing air molecules attach to the olfactory mucosa and stimulate the olfactory receptors of cranial nerve I and electrical activity is transduced into the olfactory bulb. | | | The olfactory nerve is actually a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb and pass through the many openings of the cribriform plate in the ethmoid bone. | | | These specialized sensory receptive parts of the olfactory nerve are then located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn1.htm
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| | Neuroscience for Kids - Smell |
| | The olfactory tract transmits the signals to the brain to areas such as the olfactory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. | | | Smell and the Olfactory System from the Society for Neuroscience | | | About 2 million people in the United States have NO sense of smell. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nosek.html
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| | Olfactory Bulb |
| | The Olfactory Bulb is important for the sense of smell. | | | The Olfactory Bulb contains the neuronal somas and dendrites that receive the synaptic input from the neurons comprising cranial nerve (I), the olfactory nerve. | | | The olfactory bulb, the center of smell detection, houses numerous primitive stem cells that normally feed the constant, life-long regeneration of odor-detecting nerves. |
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http://www.psyweb.com/Brain/olfactbulb.jsp
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| | Yale- Cranial Nerve 1, pg. 1 |
| | The olfactory nerve has only a special sensory component. | | | The olfactory system consists of the olfactory epithelium, bulbs and tracts along with olfactory areas of the brain collectively known as the rhinencephalon. | | | Special sensory (special afferent)- Functions in the special sense of smell or olfaction. |
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http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/cnerves/cn1/cn1_1.html
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| | Aroma@The Olfactory Corporation |
| | The Olfactory is known industry wide for its excellence in quality and packaging, for which it has received national awards. | | | That scent and others which followed created a demand for these products to a new generation of Americans, and indeed the entire world.. | | | You might want to stroll through the products to the left and find what you want and then click on the logo above to use your credit card as all product pics have not been uploaded to this area yet. |
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http://www.olfactory.net
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| | Merriam-Webster Online |
| | For More Information on "olfactory" go to Britannica.com | | | Get the Top 10 Search Results for "olfactory" |
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http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?olfactory
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