|
| |
| | NucleusAccumbens/Mania |
 | | CREB activity in the nucleus accumbens shell controls gating of behavioral responses to emotional stimuli. | | | Effects of psychological stress on monoamine systems in subregions of the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of the rat. | | | Thus, dysfunction of the nucleus accumbens core may be a key element in the neuropathology of impulsivity. |
|
http://www.thensome.com/stormybrain/nucleusaccumbens.htm
(2804 words)
|
|
| |
| | INABIS '98 - Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine and the Rate of Operant Lever Pressing: Neurochemical and Behavioral Studies |
| | Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine and the Rate of Operant Lever Pressing: Neurochemical and Behavioral Studies. | | | Although it is difficult to identify precisely the behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens DA, it does appear that depletions of DA reduce the propensity for expending energy or effort, and that accumbens DA release could be one of the mechanisms through which response output is regulated. | | | In mammals, the brain is a critical structure for the regulation of complex behavior, and thus it is important to investigate the brain mechanisms involved in activational aspects of instrumental behavior. |
|
http://www.mcmaster.ca/inabis98/salamone/salamone0516/two.html
(4062 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | According to Berridge, increases of dopamine concentration in the nucleus accumbens preceding or in anticipation of a reinforcing or conditioned behavior is most closely associated with the craving, appetite, or desire for the object of a reinforcing or conditioned behavior. | | | Increases in dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens further reinforced conditioned behaviors. | | | This system of inputs into the nucleus accumbens is hypothesized to play a crucial role in the motivational reward response that modulates reinforcing and addictive behavior. |
|
http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_362.html
(2925 words)
|
|
| |
| | THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM |
| | But the nucleus accumbens is not isolated from the other brain structures that are also influenced by drugs. | | | The nucleus accumbens provides liaison between the limbic system, which is the seat of the emotions, and the central grey nuclei, which help in planning movements and reasoning processes. | | | The nucleus accumbens appears to be involved in controlling our motivations. |
|
http://www.thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_03/d_03_cr/d_03_cr_par/d_03_cr_par.html
(231 words)
|
|
| |
| | Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neurons -- Neurotransmitter.net |
| | Adaptations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a component of the mesolimbic dopamine system, are thought to contribute to this behavioral change. | | | "Nucleus accumbens receives a dense dopaminergic innervation which is important in regulating motivated states of behavior such as goal-directed actions, stimulus-reward associations and reinforcement of addictive substances. | | | Recent work suggests that long-term changes in synaptic strength at excitatory synapses in the two major components of this system, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area, may be particularly important for the development of drug-induced sensitization, a process that may contribute to addiction, as well as for normal response-reinforcement learning. |
|
http://www.neurotransmitter.net/mediumspiny.html
(17520 words)
|
|
| |
| | Neuroscience-Net - Pharmacology Section Article #10008 |
| | These results suggest that the contextually conditioned aspect of behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants may be mediated in part by changes in AMPA receptor sensitivity in the nucleus accumbens. | | | Histology: Figure 4 (top panel) is a micrograph showing the location of the ventral tip of the microinjection cannulae in the nucleus accumbens for the behavioral experiments from experiment 1. | | | While the lack of correlation indicates that augmented AMPA receptor responsiveness is not the primary variable regulating the expression of behavioral sensitization, it may still contribute to the augmented behavioral profile. |
|
http://www.neuroscience.com/abp09961/htm/main.html
(4332 words)
|
|
| |
| | Addiction: Making the Connection Between Behavioral Changes and Neuronal Plasticity in Specific Pathways -- Wolf 2 (3): ... |
| | Goal-directed behaviors are elicited by glutamate projections from limbic and cortical regions to the nucleus accumbens, while projections from the nucleus accumbens to motor regions are responsible for motor execution of these behaviors. | | | Alterations in transmission between the BLA and the nucleus accumbens may strengthen stimulus-reward learning, increasing the ability of drug-related cues to control behavior. | | | Ultimately, drug-seeking behavior depends on glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens. |
|
http://molinterv.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/2/3/146
(6416 words)
|
|
| |
| | Chronic Lithium Treatment Decreases Neuronal Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens and Cingulate Cortex of the Rat |
| | To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of CO brain maps to explore the neural pathways involved in the pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders. | | | There were significant correlations of CO activity (p <.01) between accumbens sub nuclei and both the frontal cortex and medial caudate putamen in control animals (Figure 4). | | | The findings of this study support the cingulate cortex as a site of action of lithium's mood stabilizing effects. |
|
http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/npp/journal/v21/n2/full/1395300a.html
(4206 words)
|
|
| |
| | Nucleus Accumbens |
| | The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been linked to motivational processes. |
|
http://www.umich.edu/~psycours/531/male_sex_behavior/sld017.htm
(32 words)
|
|
| |
| | Nucleus accumbens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Although the nucleus accumbens has traditionally been studied for its role in addiction, there is a growing body of evidence that it plays a major role in mediating natural rewards. | | | The VP, in turn, projects to the mediodorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus which projects to the prefrontal cortex. | | | Major inputs to the nucleus accumbens include the prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) which connect via the mesolimbic pathway. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_accumbens
(424 words)
|
|
| |
| | Firing Patterns of Single Nucleus Accumbens Neurons During Intravenous |
| | Neuropharmacological studies of drug-taking behavior in laboratory animals suggest that drug actions on the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) are integrally involved in drug taking and addiction. | | | The firing patterns described in this chapter are thus prototypic of what might be expected of neurons that contribute importantly to drug taking and addiction. | | | Chronic extracellular recording techniques have been used in recent years to record the activity of single nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neurons of rats during intravenous cocaine self-administration sessions. |
|
http://www.psych.upenn.edu/~lpeoples/Publications/1-.html
(257 words)
|
|
| |
| | ETHANOL & NEUROTRANSMISSION IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS |
| | Abstract: This FIRCA proposal will investigate changes in acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine (DA) release from the nucleus accumbens shell (NA) following chronic ethanol treatment. | | | Post mortem studies will determine if changes in the density or distribution of receptors occur that could underlie changes in neurotransmission. | | | Chronic ethanol is known to cause damage to cholinergic neurons (Arendt, 1993) and to sensitize DA neurons to glutamate excitotoxicity (Crews et a1. |
|
http://www.med.unc.edu/wrkunits/1dean/research/Crews69.html
(437 words)
|
|
| |
| | Roi Alphabetic index |
| | WOROI: 231 - Ventral posteromedial nucleus (Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus). | | | WOROI: 231 - Ventral posterior medial nucleus (Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus). | | | WOROI: 231 - VPM (Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus). |
|
http://hendrix.imm.dtu.dk/services/jerne/brede/index_roi_alphabetic.html
(1597 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Brain's Drug Reward System |
| | The VTA and the nucleus accumbens are two structures involved in the reward system for all drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, although other mechanisms might be involved for specific drugs. | | | These neurons are connected to the nucleus accumbens and other areas such as the prefrontal cortex. | | | In addition, opiates affect structures that use brain chemicals that mimic the action of drugs such as heroin and morphine. |
|
http://www.nida.nih.gov/NIDA_Notes/NNVol11N4/Brain.html
(260 words)
|
|
| |
| | CJNS - Selective Sparing of Human Nucleus Accumbens in Aging and Anoxia |
| | There was relative preservation of the nucleus accumbens in 3 patients with anoxic encephalopathy. | | | Methods: The number of neurons in nucleus accumbens and caudate neucleus in 35 patients over 65 and 35 under 65 years, all without neurological or psychiatric diseases were counted. | | | Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of aging and anoxia on the nucleus accumbens. |
|
http://www.cjns.org/22novtoc/selectiv.htm
(174 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Basal Ganglia |
| | This nucleus has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. | | | This nuclues is also associated with the corpus striatum. | | | It is more closely related in function to the basal ganglia than to the limbic/olfactory system and has connections similar to the globus pallidus. |
|
http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/anatomy/bfjb.htm
(135 words)
|
|
| |
| | Adriana A. Alcantara, Ph.D. |
| | The cholinergic neurons of the nucleus accumbens and interacting dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter systems are systematically investigated during the acute and chronic stages of drug abuse and drug withdrawal. | | | Dopamine-glutamate synaptic convergence is critical to examine on these neurons since such convergence is known to underlie associative learning, which is an essential component of addiction. | | | My research program focuses on investigating the neuroplasticity that occurs within specific cellular microcircuits at the level of receptor mediated neuronal signaling and synaptic rewiring that may ultimately underlie addiction. |
|
http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/faculty/Alcantara/Alcantara.html
(1111 words)
|
|
| |
| | nucleus gracilis - definition of nucleus gracilis in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, ... |
| | nucleus gracilis - definition of nucleus gracilis in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | The medial of the three nuclei of the dorsal spinal column, receiving dorsal root fibers conveying sensory innervation of the leg. |
|
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nucleus+gracilis
(103 words)
|
|
| |
| | Nucleus Accumbens |
| | Nucleus accumbens was traditionally known as nucleus accumbens septi but is now recognized as a major component of the ventral striatum. | | | Nucleus accumbens: The most inferior part of the striatum, with predominantly limbic connections. |
|
http://members.cox.net/limbicsystem/nucleusaccumbens.htm
(55 words)
|
|
| |
| | Dopaminergic Reduction of Excitability in Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Recorded in Vitro |
| | This study focuses on the effects of DA agonists on indices of postsynaptic cell membrane excitability in nucleus accumbens neurons, such as the amount of intracellular current injection required to elicit spike firing and the membrane potential at which action potentials are evoked. | | | However, the question of whether its net effect on postsynaptic targets in the nucleus accumbens and striatum is excitatory or inhibitory in nature has been a topic of controversy for some time. | | | receptors on accumbens neurons causes a reduction in their membrane excitability. |
|
http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/npp/journal/v15/n1/abs/1380450a.html
(253 words)
|
|
| |
| | Afferent Stream Integration in a Model of the Nucleus Accumbens |
| | Afferent Stream Integration in a Model of the Nucleus Accumbens | | | The Nucleus Accumbens (Nacc) receives convergent input from a number of structures including prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, as well as substantial dopaminergic modulation. | | | The principle cell in the Nacc, the medium spiny projection neuron (MSP), has bistable properties that have been proposed as a primary mediator of the integrative properties in the Nacc. |
|
http://repository.upenn.edu/be_papers/35
(368 words)
|
|
| |
| | Nucleus accumbens role 1 |
| | Cortical information flow through accumbens alters thalamocortical activity: PFC -_ stimulates accumbens -_ inhibits ventral pallidum -_ disinhibits mediodorsal thalamus -_ stimulates PFC. | | | Motor ñ limbic interface w/ unique set of connections --- receives input from essentially every brain area implicated in schizophrenia. |
|
http://www.utexas.edu/pharmacy/divisions/pharmtox/faculty/wilcox/symp99ho/tsld024.htm
(61 words)
|
|
| |
| | Dopamine Plasticity in Nucleus Accumbens |
| | among different cells in patches or subclusters as well as in morphologically distinguishable cell types of anatomically different areas (accumbens shell, accumbens core, striatum). | | | Dopamine signals (phasic increases of dopamine concentration) activate receptors with characteristic alterations in membrane ion channel function as well as intracellular signalling. | | | Simulation of Dopamine Modulation and Plasticity in Nucleus Accumbens |
|
http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~scheler/dopamine.html
(198 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Hypoglycemic Health Association of Australia |
| | Head KA (2000), Inositol hexaniacinate: a safer alternative to niacin, Townsend Letter 201, 88-92 | | | Gerasimov MR, Dewey SL,(1999), Gamma-vinyl gamma-aminobutyric acid attenuates the synergistic elevations of nucleus accumbens dopamine produced by a cocaine/heroin (speedball) challenge, Eur J Pharmacol 1999 Sep 3;380(1):1-4 |
|
http://www.hypoglycemia.asn.au/articles/nutritional_aspects_depression.html
(7454 words)
|
|
|
