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| | RW: NITRO-BABY: Nitrosamines in Baby Bottle Nipples and Pacifiers |
 | | This means that the well-documented carcinogenicity of nitrosamines, occurring during early development, has the opportunity to have far-reaching effects on the formation of any or all three of the brain/nerve, glandular, and immune aspects of the baby’s neuroimmune-endocrine system. | | | The nitrosamine level may be raised further inside the baby’s body, where nitrosamines are formed from precursors by saliva and other body fluids. | | | But further research on nitrosamine toxicity, and on how nitrosamines are formed from precursors inside the body, is needed to be sure that any long-term level is appropriate. |
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http://www.rowatworks.com/Science/To_Do_No_Harm/Nitro_Baby.html
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| | 271. Nitrite, potassium and sodium salts (WHO Food Additives Series 5) |
| | Synthesis of nitrosopiperidine from nitrite or nitrate and piperidine in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat was observed (Alam et al., 1971a, 1971b). | | | While there are indications of a dose-response relationship in nitrosamine-induced tumour development, a no-effect level for several nitrosamines has not as yet been established. | | | Tumours of the trachea developed in the offspring of hamsters treated either during pregnancy or lactation with nitrosamine (Mohr & Althof, 1971). |
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http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je15.htm
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| | State Water Resources Research Institute Program |
| | Lastly, it should be pointed out competing processes causing nitrosamine losses may complicate any assessment of their significance. | | | Field studies as well as carefully controlled laboratory studies are needed to further define the mechanisms and variables involved especially the role of disinfection and the pipe-water interface. | | | Environmentally oriented studies have been generally empirical in nature and have focussed primarily on determining if, not how, nitrosamines may be formed in water. |
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http://water.usgs.gov/wrri/00grants/IAnitrosamines.html
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| | Nitrosamines and Cancer |
| | During the 1970s and 1980s, reliable analytical methods to determine nitrosamine levels in foods and beverages were developed and later applied to a variety of other consumer products, occupational settings, and body fluids (see table). | | | Nitrosamines in Food, Body Fluids, and Occupational Exposure | | | For instance, dimethylnitrosamine causes liver cancer in experimental animals, whereas some of the tobacco specific nitrosamines cause lung cancer. |
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http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/f-w00/nitrosamine.html
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| | Nitrosamines in Cosmetics |
| | This is in contrast to primary and tertiary alkanolamines/alkyl amines which are much less likely to form nitrosamines. | | | Since this time further analysis and basic research has provided clear evidence that secondary alkanolamines and alkylamines are precursors of nitrosamine formation. | | | Many nitrosamines have been determined to cause cancer in |
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http://www.ascc.com.au/position/position/nitrosamines_in_cosmetics.htm
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| | (ITT) "To Die For" by Joel Bleifuss |
| | The Cancer Prevention Coalition, for example, is concerned about No-Rinse Shampoo and No-Rinse Body Bath, which were recently introduced by N/R Laboratories of Centerville, Ohio. | | | Although no epidemiological data [are] available, NDELA should be regarded for practical purposes as if it were carcinogenic to humans." | | | The Vidal Sassoon shampoo, like the hair dye, contains Cocamide DEA. |
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http://user.mc.net/~chwalisz/itt-cancer-cosm.htm
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| | British Medical Journal: Tobacco industry must not dump its high nitrosamine tobacco on poor countries - Letter to the ... |
| | Removing nitrosamines might well reduce the incidence of adenocarcinoma over time. | | | Variation within global cigarette brands in tar, nicotine, and certain nitrosamines: analytic study. | | | EDITOR--In the late 1970s Hoffmann's group described the carcinogenic properties of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines including 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and N'-nitrosonornicotine in a series of experiments.[1] These substances are formed during the curing process by a chemical reaction between nicotine and nitrate. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0999/is_7285_322/ai_72431827
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| | Nitrosamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Their formation can only occur under certain conditions, including strongly acidic conditions such as that of the human stomach. | | | Nitrosamines in high levels can cause cancers in animals and in humans. | | | The rule of thumb is: nitrosamine-content is lower if the food was processed less, less preservatives were used, and natural production techniques were used. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosamine
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| | John Jalas |
| | Presentations: "Stereoselectivity in the a-Methylene Hydroxylation Pathway of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine, 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)" American Cancer Society site visit, Minneapolis, MN, 11.11.99. | | | One model of environmental carcinogen exposure in our lab is cigarette smoke. | | | In theory, selectively blocking the metabolic activation of NNK should lead to increased excretion of this carcinogen and ultimately decrease an individual's risk of developing cancer. |
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http://www.chem.umn.edu/groups/distefano/jalas.htm
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| | Better Nutrition (1989-90): Get enough vitamin C - reduces levels of nitrosamines |
| | In the body, however, the situation is more complex and therefore not fully understood in terms of risk. | | | They reported that the mean levels of nitrosamine were higher in the habit groups, especially in the cigarette and bidi smokers, than in the non-habit groups. | | | Nitrosamine production is enhanced in people who ingest a high level of nitrate, chew tobacco, have a urinary bladder infection or live in an area where there is a high incidence of stomach and esophageal cancer. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0860/is_n1_v51/ai_6919878
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| | RedOrbit NEWS U.S. Cigarettes Have More Carcinogen |
| | Philip Morris said it is working with American growers on developing curing methods to reduce the nitrosamine. | | | The CDC warned that nitrosamines are not the only carcinogen in cigarette smoke and that "reducing their levels alone does not guarantee a less hazardous cigarette." | | | CDC officials said the higher nitrosamine levels in American-made cigarettes are a result of way the tobacco is cured and blended. |
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http://www.rednova.com/modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=5607
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| | Volatile N-Nitrosamine Formation after Intake of Nitrate at the ADI Level in Combination with an Amine-rich Diet |
| | This study can contribute to the discussion of the validity of the current ADI of nitrate and nitrite for preventing human health risks. | | | However, the nitrosamines excreted in urine of spine-injured paraplegics were predominantly formed in the urinary tract as a result of bacterial infections, while in our study the urinary nitrosamines were probably formed in the stomach. | | | Tricker AR, Stickler DJ, Chawla JC, Preussmann R. Increased urinary nitrosamine excretion in paraplegic patients. |
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http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/1998/106p459-463vermeer/vermeer-full.html
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| | Mineral Treasures - Natural Mineral Cosmetics |
| | The FDA's Donald Harvey and Hardy Chou proclaimed that the continued use of these ingredients contradict what should be a social goal: keeping "human exposure to N-nitrosamines to the lowest level technologically feasible, by reducing levels in all personal care products." | | | One of the cosmetic toxins that consumer advocates are most concerned about are nitrosamines, which contaminate a wide variety of cosmetic products. | | | In the 1970s nitrosamine contamination of cooked bacon and other nitrite-treated meats became a public health issue, and the food industry, which is more strictly regulated than the cosmetic industry, has since drastically lowered the amount of nitrosamines found in these processed meats. |
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http://www.mineraltreasures.net/facts.asp
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| | OUP: Nitrosamines and Related N-Nitroso Compounds: Loeppky |
| | S.S. Mirvish, Q. Huang, S.C. Chen, S.S. Park, and H.V. Gelboin: Metabolism of Methylbutyl- and Methylamylnitrosamine by Rat and Human Esophagus and Other Tissues and Induction of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Rats | | | Discusses the use of specific biomarkers of nitrosamine exposure in humans and in animal models and covers their role in the molecular epidemiology of tobacco-derived nitrosamines. | | | Lijinsky: Chemical Structure of Nitrosamines Related to Carcinogenesis |
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http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-8412-2856-6
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| | News Release |
| | Smokers who participated recently in a unique, three-week outpatient study at VCU’s Clinical Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory were found to have levels of nitrosamine metabolites in their urine that were 51 percent lower by their fifth day of smoking Advance cigarettes than levels registered when they smoked their own light or ultra-light brand of cigarette. | | | Smokers completed three, five-day sessions in which they smoked their own brand of cigarette, the Advance cigarette or no cigarettes at all, as assigned for the different periods by the researchers. | | | Not smoking at all resulted in 70 percent lower levels of nitrosamines, which are considered one of the most-potent, cancer-causing toxins in cigarette smoke, linked to lung cancer. |
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http://www.vcu.edu/uns/Releases/2003/feb/022103.html
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| | Enerchi Health - A complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| | Concerns have been raised by physicians that consuming certain food additives may play a role in the development of some types of cancer. | | | This is encouraging news since it means people may be able to prevent some cancers by making relatively minor alterations to their diet. | | | Nitrosamine production in those consuming garlic, strawberries, and kale was reduced by 96%, 72%, and 44%, respectively, compared with that in the control group. |
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http://www.enerchihealth.com/healthnotes/20020808_fight_cancer.html
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| | Eppley Institute |
| | Nitrosamine metabolism to active carcinogens and their role in causation of human cancer. | | | We especially are studying the fate of these compounds in the body and the reasons why they inhibit the induction of esophageal cancer by nitrosamines in rats. | | | To explore this phenomenon, we are examining the metabolism of this nitrosamine by a cell fraction (the microsomes) from rat liver and esophagus, including the formation of hydroxy derivatives and aldehydes from the nitrosamine. |
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http://www.unmc.edu/Eppley/faculty/f_mirv.html
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| | Yesmoke Tobacco: cigarettes Yesmoke, cigarettes Born to Smoke. |
| | Nitrosamine in US made cigarettes and lung cancer risk | | | The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention researchers (www.cdc.gov) analyzed 15 packs each of Marlboros and a local brand in the U.S. and 13 other countries. | | | The group said high nitrosamine levels in U.S. cigarettes could help explain why lung cancer rates have not fallen as expected with overall reductions in levels of tar, of which nitrosamines are one component. |
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http://www.yesmoke.ch/more.php?section=nitrosamine
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| | Citizen Petition Seeking Cancer Warning on Cosmetics Containing DEA |
| | This petition is based on scientific evidence of increased cancer risks from exposure to nitrosamines in cosmetics. | | | International Agency for Research on Cancer, Monograph on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans: Some N-nitroso Compounds 17:77-82, 1978. | | | This hazard review indicates that, based on epidemiological evidence in human beings, "Increased cancer risk has been generally attributed to worker exposure to nitrosamine or PAH (polyaromatic hydrocarbon) contaminants in metal working fluids". |
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http://www.preventcancer.com/press/petitions/oct22_96.htm
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| | The Local Nitrosamine Issue |
| | Because of this, these compounds are sometimes referred to as "tobacco specific nitrosamines" Research has shown that the reduction or elimination of combustion gasses containing in the curing air substantially reduces or eliminates to undetectable levels nitrosamines in flue-cured tobacco. | | | The curing of flue-cured tobacco by the controlled application of supplemental heat was first developed over 160 years ago. | | | Nitrosamines are produced during the curing process by a chemical reaction between nicotine contained in the uncured leaf and various oxides of nitrogen found in all combustion gasses, regardless of fuels. |
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http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/johnston/staff/kbateman/agrpt020400.html
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| | Blue Mold Found in Johnston County & The Nitrosamine Story Continues |
| | Nitrosamines are carcinogens that are formed when tobacco is exposed to combustion gases during the curing process. | | | Barns equipped with heat exchangers ranged from 0 to 2 ppm and the barns without catalysts or heat exchangers ranged from 0 to 3 ppm. | | | Unfortunately, this puts us in the position of not being able to advise growers or manufacturers about their equipment. |
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http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/johnston/staff/kbateman/agrpt051200.html
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| | FDA/ORA CPG 7117.11 |
| | FDA's subsequent investigation of the problem revealed the presence of nitrosamines in rubber nipples marketed in the United States and showed that the nitrosamines could migrate into foods, such as milk and infant formula, that contact the nipple during the conventional sterilization process. | | | Nitrosamines in nipples at levels greater than an established action level are considered avoidable contamination under section 406 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. | | | FDA expressed concern to the industry over infant exposure to nitrosamines, many of which are carcinogens, and informed manufacturers that appropriate measures must be taken to reduce nitrosamine formation in rubber nipples to the lowest level that is technologically feasible. |
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http://www.fda.gov/ora/compliance_ref/cpg/cpgfod/cpg500-450.html
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| | VOLATILE NITROSAMINE MIXTURE II - (Organic Method #38) |
| | VOLATILE NITROSAMINE MIXTURE II - (Organic Method #38) | | | International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lyon (1978). | | | of Volatile Nitrosamines in Food", IARC Scientific Publications No. 18, Egan, H., |
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http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/organic/org038/org038.html
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| | Teaching Brief - MedPage Today |
| | NNN and NNK are also ranked by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as Group 1 or known carcinogens to humans. | | | The patients provided urine samples at baseline, then again at two weeks and at four weeks so researchers could test for nitrosamine metabolites. | | | They added that the nitrosamine content in popular oral snuff products âare at least 100 times higher than those nitrosamines in other consumer products designed for oral use,â such as the nicotine replacement products. |
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http://www.medpagetoday.com/tbprint.cfm?tbid=2057
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| | Water Supply 2:3 (2002) 191-198 - W.A. Mitch and D.L. Sedlak - Factors controlling nitrosamine formation during ... |
| | Recent discoveries of the formation of low levels of the potent carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during wastewater chlorination has caused concern where indirect potable water reuse is practiced. | | | Experiments indicate that nitrosamine formation during chlorination of wastewater is consistent with a reaction scheme involving the slow formation of a hydrazine intermediate from a secondary amine and monochloramine, followed by its rapid oxidation to the corresponding N-nitrosamine. | | | A survey of precursors indicates that secondary amines form their corresponding N-nitrosamines to the greatest extent. |
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http://www.iwaponline.com/ws/00203/ws002030191.htm
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| | US PATENT SUBCLASS 8 / 665-- .~.~.~ Nitrosamine or N-diazo |
| | For example, nitrosamine is -N-N=O and N-diazo is-N-N=N-. | | | (under subclass 664) Subject matter in which the diazo derivative is a nitrosamine or a diazo-N-amino (includes imino) compound. | | | DYE OR POTENTIAL DYE COMPOSITION, ADDITIVE, TREATMENT, PROCESS, PRODUCT, OR ANCILLARY DYE OPERATION {12} |
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http://www.patentec.com/data/class/defs/8/665.html
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| | Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations |
| | Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link. | | | Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5718259 - Nitrosamine analysis of diesel crankcase emissions. |
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http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5718259
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| | No Association between Smoking and the Presence of Tobacco-specific Nitrosamine Metabolites in Ovarian Follicular Fluid ... |
| | Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Epidemiology and Health Services Research, School of Medicine [S. H.] and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology [H. P.], University of Leeds, United Kingdom and University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 [S. Introduction | | | Articles by Matthews, S. Articles by Hay, A. Cancer Research | | | Articles by Matthews, S. Articles by Hay, A. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. |
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http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/11/3/321
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| | 19891010 N-Nitrosamine in the Rubber Industry. |
| | OSHA Compliance Officers should be aware of the hazards of N-Nitroso compounds in the rubber and related industries to avoid potential exposures to themselves. | | | Samples must be either stored in a freezer or analyzed within six days after collection. | | | The limit of detection for most nitrosamines is as low as.02 ug per 75 liter of collected sample, according to the OSHA SLCAL. |
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http://www.osha.gov/dts/hib/hib_data/hib19891010.html
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| | Nitrosamine: British-American Tobacco Document Collection |
| | [Letter from W.D.E. Irwin to V Heemann regarding relationship between blend nitrosamines with nitrate and alkaloid content] | | | [Test results on nitrosamine content in various brands] | | | UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management |
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http://library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/batco/archives/browse338_3.html?...
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| | nitrosamine - definition of nitrosamine by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | Any of a class of organic compounds with the general formula R | | | nitrosamine - definition of nitrosamine by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nitrosamine
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| | Merriam-Webster Online |
| | For More Information on "nitrosamine" go to Britannica.com | | | Get the Top 10 Search Results for "nitrosamine" |
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http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/thesaurus?book=Thesaurus&va=nitrosamine&x=21&y=20
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| | Questions and Answers Regarding the Tobacco Barn Retrofit Project |
| | Response: Most oil-fired barns use heat exchange technology. | | | The majority of the industry prefers to purchase tobacco as usual and let the nitrosamine level in their stocks gradually decline. | | | All manufacturers have stocks of higher nitrosamine tobaccos that will gradually decrease in nitrosamine levels over time. |
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http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/johnston/staff/kbateman/agrpt040700.html
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