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| | Neural tube defect |
 | | The most common type of neural tube defect is spina bifida, in which the spinal cord or spinal nerves may bulge out through an opening in the bones of the spine. | | | A neural tube defect (NTD) is a birth defect that occurs when the spine, the brain, or the bone and skin that protect them do not develop properly. | | | Normally, the bones of the skull and spine grow around the brain and spinal cord, and then skin covers the bones, creating the neural tube. |
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http://www.meritcare.com/hwdb/_followLink.asp?sgml_id=stn166112-sec
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| | [Clinical Preventive Services] Screening for Neural Tube Defects -- Including Folic Acid/Folate Prophylaxis |
| | Identification and abortion of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects raises important ethical concerns, a full discussion of which is beyond the scope of this chapter. | | | The offering of screening for neural tube defects by maternal serum a-fetoprotein (MSAFP) measurement is recommended for all pregnant women who are seen for prenatal care in locations that have adequate counseling and follow-up services available (see Clinical Intervention). | | | In a third study, screening was performed in 72% of clinic patients and detected 59% of all affected pregnancies, 94% of which were aborted.36 Offering screening therefore prevented the births of 55% of affected fetuses. |
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http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/gcps/gcps0052.html
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| | Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health: Neural tube defect |
| | Neural tube defects, or NTDs, are a group of severe birth defects in which the brain and spinal cord are malformed and lack the protective encasement of soft tissue and bone. | | | This tube later develops into the brain and spinal cord. | | | Aggressive surgical and medical management has improved survival and function of infants with spina bifida. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gGENH/is_/ai_2699003539
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| | eMedicine - Neural Tube Defects in the Neonatal Period : Article by Richard G Ellenbogen, MD |
| | Despite careful surgical closure of the original neural placode, approximately 20% or more of all patients with myelomeningocele require an untethering of their spinal cord later in their life. | | | The first is primary neurulation, which refers to the formation of the neural structures into a tube, thereby forming the brain and spinal cord. | | | In general, a multidisciplinary team consisting of neonatologist, pediatrician, pediatric neurosurgeon, pediatric urologist, pediatric orthopedic surgeon, physical therapist, nurse, nutritionist, psychologist, and teacher are required to direct the care of children with NTDs. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2805.htm
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| | Neural Tube Defects |
| | The shunt runs under the skin, redirecting the fluid and passing it harmlessly into the chest or abdomen, where it is reabsorbed by the body. | | | This serious condition can usually be treated with surgery to place a special tube called a shunt in the body. | | | Those who do have a family history (Read about "Family Health History") are at increased risk of having a child with an NTD. |
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http://www.stayinginshape.com/3osfcorp/libv/k36.shtml
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| | 12.15.2003 - Single gene plays key role in neural tube defects |
| | The process of spinal cord closure is simpler in amphibians and much easier to observe in the laboratory, since the embryo develops outside the body in a dish of pond water, he said. | | | BERKELEY – A single gene appears to kick off a critical step in the development of the early embryo - the formation of the brain and spinal cord - and thus may offer a way to screen for fetal spinal cord defects such as spina bifida. | | | Though conducted in frog embryos, the experiments have implications for all vertebrates, including humans. |
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http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2003/12/15_neural.shtml
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| | neural tube defect -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | any congenital defect of the brain and spinal cord as a result of abnormal development of the neural tube (the precursor of the spinal cord) during early embryonic life, usually accompanied by defects of the vertebral column or skull. | | | In most chordates the forward end of the nerve tube forms a brain; the remainder is the spinal cord. | | | The spinal canal or cord may also fail to close up. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9055377?tocId=9055377
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| | [No title] |
| | About 3 to 4 weeks after conception, a structure known as the neural tube closes to form the brain and the spinal cord. | | | Genes and the environment are thought to play a part in the development of this birth defect, studies are being done to find out their specific roles. | | | This opening can affect the brain and the skull (Anencephaly) or it can affect the spinal cord (Spina Bifida). |
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http://www.crha-health.ab.ca/health_info/mat_new/FolicAcidNeuralTube.htm
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| | neural tube |
| | a tube formed by the closure of ectodermal tissue in the early vertebrate embryo that later develops into the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/neural+tube
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| | Large Women and Neural Tube Defects |
| | They point out that in their study, women who are moderately obese BMI of 28-30, which is actually considered 'overweight' in most studies) do not have an increased risk of NTDs. | | | However, the bottom line is that even IF the studies turned out to be confirmed by further research in the future, and even IF the problem is attributable only to fat and no other factor, a fat woman still has a greater than 99% chance of having a baby unaffected by neural tube defects. | | | Future studies should also examine the possible role of hypothyroidism or other metabolic concerns in the development of birth defects. |
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http://www.plus-size-pregnancy.org/neuraltubedefects.htm
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| | Business Group: Guide to Clinical Preventive Services - Recommendations: Neural Tube Defects (Birth Defects) |
| | Early detection of neural tube defects allow expectant parents to financially and emotionally prepare themselves and their families, and seek appropriate counseling about the optimal care for the child. | | | Improper or incomplete development of the neural tube (spinal cord) in a baby prior to birth. | | | Spina bifida, another condition caused by neural tube defects, can range from mild to severe, and hinders physical and mental development. |
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http://www.wbgh.com/services/neural.cfm
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| | Georgia Nursing: Preventing Neural Tube Birth Defects |
| | The neural tube, which develops into the baby's spinal cord, spine, brain, and skull, forms between the 17th and 30th day after conception, often before a woman knows she is pregnant. | | | Damage to the spinal cord and spinal nerves might result in paralysis of the legs, requiring splints, crutches, and/or wheelchairs for mobility, and in lack of bowel and bladder control, a source of major concern and embarrassment to those affected. | | | The severity of spina bifida varies with the size of the opening in the spine and the level along the spine at which it occurs. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3925/is_200411/ai_n9471751
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| | MoSt GeNe/Genetic Drift/Teratogen Update/Neural Tube Defects and Folic Acid |
| | Despite lack of knowledge for the preventive mechanism we are obligated to educate consumers and the medical community about the potential benefit of consuming folic acid prior to conception. | | | Consequently, any causative insult must occur within the four week period following conception or have its influence prior to conception and perhaps continue throughout the first 30 days. | | | Neural tube defects (NTDs) encompass a spectrum of malformations of the cranium, spine and nervous system that includes anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele. |
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http://www.mostgene.org/gd/gdvol12j.htm
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| | Neural tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The neural tube is the embryonal structure that gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. | | | This process is induced by signaling molecules produced in the notochord and basal plate. | | | Pregnant women taking medication for epilepsy have a higher chance of having a child with a neural tube defect. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_tube
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| | Ectodermal Derivatives I |
| | Due to the twisting of the cranial aspect of the chick, we see the brain region of the neural tube from a lateral view (the previous two diagrams were dorsal views). | | | The ventricles (and the connections between them) and the central canal of the spinal cord are all that remain of the neurocoele in the adult brain. | | | It is from the thin band of tissue surrounding the neurocoele that the tissue structures of the adult brain arise. |
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http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/neuraldevel1.html
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| | Stage 10 |
| | Neural Folds Begin to Fuse, Heart Tube fuses | | | The two endocardial tubes formed in Stage 9 fuse in Stage 10 to form one single tube derived from the roof of the nueral tube, which becomes S-shaped and makes the primitive heart asymmetric. | | | Neural folds are rising and fusing at several points along the length of the neural tube concomitant with the budding somites which appear to "zipper" the neural tube closed. |
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http://www.visembryo.com/baby/stage10.html
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| | MedlinePlus: Neural Tube Defects |
| | The primary NIH organization for research on Neural Tube Defects is the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | | | U.S., Irish Researchers Identify Important Clue to Genetic Basis for Neural Tube Defects (05/21/2004, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) | | | Trends in Spina Bifida and Anencephalus in the United States, 1991-2002 (National Center for Health Statistics) |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/neuraltubedefects.html
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| | Folic Acid & Neural Tube Defects |
| | Diet also seems to play a significant role, as folic acid supplementation beginning at conception reduces the incidence in women at high risk (Czeizel and Dudás, 1992; Wald et al., 1991). | | | The test should also be offered to all patients with a positive family history for open neural tube defects. | | | Maternal Serum Screening is recommended for all prenatal patients over 30 years of age and for those over 35 who are uncertain about amniocentesis. |
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http://www.theberries.ns.ca/Archives/neural.html
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| | Neural Tube Defects |
| | This disorder occurs when most of the head, brain, and possibly the spinal cord do not develop normally. | | | In other instances the neural tube defect is covered with bone and skin. | | | In the developing embryo, this system is called the neural tube. |
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http://www.uhl.uiowa.edu/services/mychildshealth/prenatal/abnormalities/neural.html
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| | Medical Progress in the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects, NCBDDD, CDC |
| | The urgent challenge facing medical and public health professionals with respect to neural tube defects is how to translate our knowledge about primary prevention into practice. | | | The development and closure of the neural tube is normally completed within 28 days after conception, before many women are aware that they are pregnant. | | | The embryologic basis of the clinical variation in neural tube defects is poorly understood. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/bd/mp.htm
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| | Neural tube closure |
| | Because amphibian embryos develop externally, they are ideally suited for studying morphogenetic movements such as neural tube closure. | | | Our data indicate that the inherent movement of the neural folds can accomplish only a finite amount of medial progress and that converegnt extension of the midline is necessary to reduce the distance between the nascent neural folds, allowing them to meet and fuse. | | | We are continuing these studies and are also now examining molecules that control other critical events during neurulation. |
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http://mcb.berkeley.edu/labs/harland/pages/people/JBW/Pages/xdsh.ntd.html
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| | Neural tube defects |
| | Result from failure of the posterior vertebral arch to fuse | | | Fusion of the edges of the neural groove forms the neural tube | | | The lateral edges of the neural plate fold to form the neural groove |
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http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/system/hnep/neural_tube.htm
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| | Neural Tube Defects Spina Bifida |
| | Always seek the advice of your local health care provider. | | | [*][P] Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects | | | Neural Tube Defects (NTD)- Anencephaly - Spina Bifida |
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http://www.ibis-birthdefects.org/start/ntdfact.htm
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| | Neural Tube Defects: What Are They? |
| | One of the most serious-and most common--types are neural tube defects (NTDs), which can cause both mental and physical problems. | | | In a developing fetus, the neural tube ultimately becomes the baby's spinal cord and brain. | | | The vast majority (about 95 percent) of NTDs occur in families with no history of this disorder. |
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http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,6143,00.html
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| | I. Embryology. 6. The Neural Groove and Tube. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. |
| | The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. | | | of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal. | | | The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon) (Fig. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/107/7.html
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| | Questions and Answers Detail |
| | The neural tube is the structure embryologically that develops into the spinal cord and brain. | | | The best outcomes are obtained when the folic acid is taken prior to conception. | | | Neural tube defects have been subclassified into open or closed. |
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http://www.earthsbest.com/md_corner/faq_detail.php?faq_num=190
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| | what is a neural tube defect? |
| | Dieting, Diet-Related Behaviors and Risk of Neural Tube Defects. | | | Case-Control Study of Association of Maternal Recall of Diarrhea and Use of Antimicrobials in the Periconceptional Period and Risk of NTDs. | | | Absence of the brain and calvaria may be partial or complete. |
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http://www.anencephalie-info.org/e/whatis.htm
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| | neural tube defects - General Practice Notebook |
| | The information provided herein should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. | | | Oxbridge Solutions Ltd® is an independent company owned by the authors which does not receive income from any other organisation or individual. | | | Ultrasound scanning has now largely replaced amniocentesis as the investigation of choice for detection of neural tube defects. |
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http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/678101003.htm
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| | HON Mother & Child Glossary, Neural Tube Defects |
| | Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects that involve incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord and/or protective coverings for these organs. | | | Recent studies have shown that one factor that increases the risk of having an NTD baby is low folic acid status before conception and during the first few weeks of pregnancy. | | | The information in this page is presented in summarised form and has been taken from the following source(s): |
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http://www.hon.ch/Dossier/MotherChild/birth_disorders/spina_bifida.html
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| | Half the population at increased risk of neural tube defects |
| | Such intervention may also turn out to have other public health benefits, such as the prevention of heart disease, they conclude | | | The TT (homozygous variant) form of the gene responsible for processing folate is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects, but the team set out to investigate the possibility that the CT (heterozygous variant) form would also increase the risk of these malformations. | | | This is because a much greater proportion of the general population (38%) are CT compared with 10% who are TT. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-05/bmj-htp051904.php
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| | Neural Tube Defects |
| | Fetal and young child nervous system : the story of the development and maldevelopment of the brain | | | There is also information on contraindication, precautions and side effects and a list of references. | | | Neural Tube Defects; Nervous System Malformations; Infant, Newborn; Fetal Development; |
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http://www.omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D009436.html
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| | What is a neural tube defect? |
| | The neural tube becomes the brain and spinal cord. | | | Here is a picture of a family that has been affected by neural tube defects. | | | The neural tube closes so early in pregnancy that most women do not know they are pregnant until it is too late to reduce the risk of these birth defects. |
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http://grove.ufl.edu/~folic/ntds.html
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| | Neural Tube Closure |
| | These studies indicate that mothers with particular alleles for folate synthesizing or utilizing enzymes may be at risk for bearing children with neural tube disorders. | | | The basis for the folate effect on neural tube development is not clear. | | | Second, the Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition involving multiple congenital anomalies, including brain defects or severe mental retardation, was found to be due to a defect in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the protein that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into cholesterol (Irons et al., 1994; Opitz and de la Cruz, 1994). |
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http://zygote.swarthmore.edu/ecto1.html
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| | Neural Tube Defects Publications |
| | Genetic and embryological approaches to studies of neural tube defects: A critical review. | | | Recurrence risks for neural tube defects in siblings of patients with lipomyelomeningocele. | | | SNPs in the neural cell adhesion molecule 1 gene (NCAM1) may be associated with human neural tube defects. |
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http://www.chg.duke.edu/research/ntd_papers.html
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| | Neural Tube Defects Decrease With Folic Acid Fortification |
| | Recent data in Chile have suggested that the incidence of the neural tube defects spina bifida and anencephaly (a fatal condition that results in malformation of the brain) have significantly declined since January 2000, when wheat flour began to be fortified with folic acid. | | | While the prevalence rates of neural tube defects did not significantly change between the two pre-fortified periods, the rate of spina bifida decreased by 51 percent and the rate of anencephaly decreased by 46 percent in the 2001-2002 period. | | | Because different hospitals might experience different rates in neural tube defects at different times, the study examined only those hospitals with data for two consecutive periods. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050513230056.htm
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| | Use of Folic Acid Alone to Prevent Neural Tube Defects, NCBDDD, CDC |
| | This reduction occurred both in an area of China in which the frequency of neural tube defects is high and one in which it is low. | | | CDC scientists collaborated with Beijing Medical University to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy among women who were asked to take a pill containing only 400 micrograms (µg) of folic acid daily from the time of their premarital examination until the end of their first trimester of pregnancy. | | | This collaboration was part of a public health campaign conducted from 1993 through 1995 in an area in northern China with high rates of neural tube defects and one in southern China with low rates. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/bd/rjchina.htm
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| | UNSW Embryo- Abnormal Development - Folic Acid and Neural Tube Defects |
| | A randomised controlled trial conducted by the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom demonstrated a 72% reduction in risk of recurrence by periconceptional (ie before and after conception) folic acid supplementation (4mg daily). | | | Other epidemiological research, including work done in Australia, suggests that primary occurrences of neural tube defects may also be prevented by folic acid either as a supplement or in the diet. | | | Abnormalities in human development can be due to many different factors, this page gives a few starting points to look at the topic of folate and its role in preventing neural tube defects. |
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http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Defect/page5e.htm
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| | Maternal Fever and Neural Tube Defects |
| | The findings revealed a two- to threefold increased risk for NTDs in the offspring of women who reported prenatal illness with fever. | | | A new study examines whether the recent decline in neural tube defects in Chile was due to the addition of folic acid to wheat flour in that country or to pre-existing decreasing trends. | | | The FDA has received reports of neural tube defects in four infants born to women with first trimester exposure to efavirenz.Yael Waknine |
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http://www.medical-buzz.com/maternal-fever-and-neural-tube-defects,53638.html
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| | NGC - NGC Summary |
| | The efficacy of periconceptional folic acid supplementation for preventing both recurrence and occurrence of neural tube defects has since been confirmed by many other studies. | | | GUIDELINE OBJECTIVE(S) To aid practitioners in making decisions about appropriate obstetric and gynecologic care | | | The type of supporting evidence is identified and graded for each recommendation (see "Major Recommendations"). |
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http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=3994&nbr=3131
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| | Neural Tube Formation (Frog) |
| | Ultimately, migrating cells from the neural crest become a number of structures including bones and muscles of the skull, skin pigment cells, adrenal medulla glands, and peripheral | | | a neural tube which has, between it and the outer | | | Shown is the modification of the neural plate to form: |
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http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/neuraltubeformation.html
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| | Motherisk |
| | Chou S et al: Folic acid and prevention of neural tube defects; those who should know about it haven't heard yet. | | | Koren G: Folic acid and neural tube defects: those who should haven't heard yet. | | | Copyright 2000 The Hospital for Sick Children, all rights reserved. |
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http://www.motherisk.org/folic/folic_general.php3
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| | Animated Brain Samples: Neural Tube |
| | Neural tube cross section at four weeks, showing future cell and fiber layers: ependymal (multiplying nerve cells), mantle (future grey matter), and marginal (future myelinated tracts, or white matter). | | | Note also the sulcus limitans, separating alar plate (sensory cells) from basal plate (motor cells). |
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http://www.brainviews.com/abFiles/DrwNeurtube.htm
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| | Neural Tube Stage Frog Embryo |
| | has a primitive central nervous system (the neural tube) | | | Transverse Sections of Frog Neural Tube Stage Embryo | | | has a skeletal support rod (notochord located ventral to the neural tube) |
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http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/ntfrog.htm
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