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| | Postgraduate Medicine: Renal Problems Symposium: Nephrolithiasis |
 | | Nephrotoxicity of ionic and nonionic contrast media in 1196 patients: a randomized trial. | | | When the frequency of nephrotoxicity is assessed, it becomes clear that most renal injury tends to cluster around certain patients and specific clinical situations that represent risk factors. | | | For practical considerations, however, all aminoglycosides should be considered as having a similar degree of clinical nephrotoxicity. |
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http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1996/12_96/thatte.htm
(4472 words)
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| | Nephrotoxicity associated with exposure to chemicals, principles and methods for the assessment of (EHC 119, 1991) |
| | The role of pre-existing renal lesions on nephrotoxicity is important, but there are few clear indications of what can be predicted from existing clinical data and from animal studies. | | | There are relatively few examples of nephrotoxic chemicals where there is a full profile of information from experimental animals and man, and in the vast majority of cases data are available only in rats. | | | Risk assessment from nephrotoxicity studies in animals 2.5.5. |
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http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc119.htm
(14009 words)
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| | Incidence of and Risk Factors for Tenofovir-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| | Still, the study provides some reassurance that, in most patients who receive therapy with a TDF-based regimen, the likelihood of clinically significant nephrotoxicity is relatively low. | | | Finally, a retrospective review of patients receiving TDF identified 8.4% of patients as having attained a greater than 1.5-fold increase in SCr within 6 months of starting therapy, which is very similar to the incidence in our cohort [20]. | | | In two separate clinical trials with ARV-experienced patients, no patient developed grade 2 or higher changes in SCr during a mean of 58 weeks of follow-up [1]. |
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http://www.hivdent.org/drugs1/drugIRFT0705.htm
(3322 words)
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| | Contrast media: nephrotoxicity was rare with contrast media studies. |
| | After adjusting for the above factors, the type of contrast medium was not associated with the development of nephrotoxicity. | | | The results were taken from a randomised controlled trial, and should be treated with some caution. | | | A trend toward interaction between contrast medium type and preexisting renal insufficiency was found. |
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http://www.eboncall.org/CATs/2476.htm
(312 words)
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| | UIC College of Pharmacy Drug Information Center |
| | A prospective study in humans analyzed 25 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization at risk for contrast media induced nephrotoxicity as defined by a serum creatinine of 1.7 mg/dL or greater or a creatinine clearance of 80mL/min or less. | | | To date the results have been promising for the effectiveness of fenoldopam, but large randomized placebo-controlled studies need to be performed to assess the true benefit of fenoldopam’s use in prevention of contrast media induced nephrotoxicity. | | | Many small studies have been performed to access the effectiveness of fenoldopam in maintaining renal blood flow after injection of contrast media and preventing contrast media induced nephrotoxicity. |
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http://www.uic.edu/pharmacy/services/di/fenoldopam.htm
(2035 words)
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| | British Journal of Pharmacology - Reciprocal regulation of cyclic GMP content by cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase and ... |
| | The effect of the immunosuppressant drug, cyclosporin A (CsA), on the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP pathway was examined in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). | | | Recent studies have focused on the role of NO in CsA nephrotoxicity, but it is still not well defined. | | | Intracellular cyclic GMP levels are also controlled by efflux of cyclic GMP via an active transport process in addition to the enzymatic breakdown by cyclic GMP-PDEs, but this efflux mechanism is considered to be quantitatively of minor importance in comparison to enzymatic breakdown (Mercapide et al., 1999). |
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http://www.nature.com/bjp/journal/v134/n5/full/0704337a.html
(4931 words)
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| | OHSU: Division of Nephrology & Hypertension: Ihab M. Wahba, MD |
| | Nephrotoxicity of drugs used in rheumatology: Nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors. | | | During his training, his research focus was the mechanisms of immunosuppressive nephrotoxicity and cell death as it relates to the renin-angiotensin system. | | | Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity and general nephrology including glomerular diseases, acid-base disorders, fluid and electrolyte disorders, acute renal failure, dialysis, and renal osteodystrophy |
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http://www.ohsu.edu/nephrology/faculty/wahba
(530 words)
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| | Inorganic fluoride nephrotoxicity |
| | Mazze Rl, Cousins NIJ, Kosek JC: Dose-related methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity in rats: A biochemical and pathologic correlation. | | | Thus, the urine-concentrating defect observed in enflurane-treated subjects was probably due to anesthetic biodegradation to inorganic fluoride. | | | Cousins MJ, Mazze RL Methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity: A study of dose-response in man. JAMA 225:1611-1616, 1973 |
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http://www.slweb.org/mazze-nephrotoxicity.html
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| | Nephrotoxicity |
| | All three LFAB reduce, but do not eliminate nephrotoxicity associated with amphotericin B therapy due (presumably) to their reduced distribution of drug to the kidney [Groll, Piscitelli et al. | | | Unfortunately, none of the strategies have been evaluated in well-designed controlled clinical trials, so the relative effectiveness of each approach remains unknown. | | | Several approaches have been proposed as strategies to decrease the nephrotoxic effects of amphotericin B therapy. |
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http://www.doctorfungus.org/thedrugs/Nephrotoxicity.htm
(744 words)
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| | NDI Article: 16 |
| | Our results do not suggest that other potentially nephrotoxic treatment was important in the development of chronic nephrotoxicity. | | | Our findings confirm previous reports of clinically important nephrotoxicity in children treated with ifosfamide. | | | Unilateral nephrectomy and cisplatin as risk factors of ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: analysis of 120 patients. |
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http://www.ndif.org/Article/jar-16.html
(1853 words)
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| | FLUORIDE-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY FACT OR FICTION |
| | The threshold for fluoride nephrotoxicity of 50 µ mol/L, still given in many medical textbooks, can no longer be applied as an indicator of nephrotoxicity after isoflurane, enflurane or sevoflurane. | | | Based upon the clinical experience with methoxyflurane, serum fluoride concentrations exceeding 50 µ mol/L were considered to be nephrotoxic. | | | However, fluoride-related toxicity has been observed neither in animal nor in clinical studies, including prolonged administration and patients with pre-existing renal disease. |
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http://www.fluoride-journal.com/97-30-1/301-70.htm
(286 words)
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| | Dr. Fungus: Pharmacoeconomics analysis of antifungal therapy |
| | Moreover, nephrotoxicity can have a dramatic impact on secondary costs incurred with antifungal therapy. | | | Schematic Representation of the Balance Between Amphotericin B-Induced Nephrotoxicity, Patient Risk Factors, and Cost Effective Therapy | | | In patients with numerous risk factors for developing renal dysfunction, nephrotoxicity may be irreversible and contribute to poorer clinical outcome. |
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http://www.doctorfungus.org/thedrugs/cost2.htm
(1107 words)
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| | Tenofovir-Related Nephrotoxicity in Human Immunodeficiency VirusInfected Patients: Three Cases of Renal Failure, ... |
| | In conclusion, we would like to emphasize the possible role that tenofovir plays in inducing renal failure or tubular dysfunction in HIV-infected patients. | | | This report was published in Clinical Infectious Diseases 2003;36:1070-1073 by a french research group (Alexandre Karras et al. | | | Although nephrotoxicity certainly occurs much less frequently with tenofovir than it does with other nucleotide analogues, such as cidofovir or adefovir, use of tenofovir by patients with mild renal dysfunction and/or use for longer durations might be associated with renal toxicity, as suggested by animal studies. |
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http://www.natap.org/2003/april/041603_1.htm
(1176 words)
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| | ESUR Guidelines |
| | Contrast medium nephrotoxicity is a condition in which an impairment in renal function (an increase in serum creatinine by more than 25% or 44mmol/l (0.5mg/dl)) occurs within 3 days following the intravascular administration of a contrast medium (CM) in the absence of an alternative etiology. | | | · Stop administration of nephrotoxic drugs for at least 24 hours. |
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http://www.esur.org/guidelines.cfm
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 17, Ch. 226, Toxic Nephropathy |
| | Salicylates have direct nephrotoxicity in overdose and a synergistic role in mixed analgesic nephropathy; they are common components in many drugs. | | | Because these drugs accumulate, toxicity may be delayed or may occur early in a repeat course of therapy. | | | Renal failure also affects drug oxidation and reduction; glucuronide, sulfate, and glycine conjugation; acetylation; and hydrolysis. |
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http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section17/chapter226/226a.htm
(1187 words)
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| | HDCN: Review of article by Wissman et al. Acute cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in renal transplant ... |
| | Animal studies suggest that nephrotoxicity is related to afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction mediated by a rise in intracellular calcium, a fall in vasodilatory prostaglandins or direct endothelial injury. | | | ARF etiology : Cyclosporine, ARF in transplant patients | | | The authors conclude that because the probability of this happening randomly is less than 5%, paired responses suggest the major effect of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity is mediated by the donor kidney rather than by host factors. |
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http://www.hdcn.com/6/612jawis.htm
(383 words)
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| | GU AND ELECTROLYTE TOXICITIES |
| | Its exact place in therapy remains to be determined. | | | Increases in BUN and creatinine, and decreases in CrCl may be seen shortly after cisplatin therapy. | | | Caution should be taken so as not to dehydrate patients if diuresis is greater than hydration. |
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http://www.uic.edu/classes/pmpr/pmpr652/Final/bressler/guelec.html
(776 words)
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| | CYCLOSPORINE ACTIVATES THE ENDOTHELIN CONVERTING ENZYME: IMPLICATIONS FOR ACUTE AND CHRONIC NEPHROTOXICITY |
| | Our results also suggest that inhibitors of ECE might be an effective clinical approach for treating acute and chronic CsA nephrotoxicity. | | | Cyclosporine (CsA) is an invaluable immunosuppressant agent, but CsA is associated with dose-dependent acute and chronic nephrotoxicity. | | | In endothelium, CsA stimulates ET-1 secretion, which is postulated to mediate renal vasoconstriction, neointima formation, and transplant vasculopathy. |
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http://www.a-s-t.org/library/abstracts99/181.htm
(421 words)
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| | Aminoglycoside dosing review |
| | The reported incidence of nephrotoxicity varies substantially between studies, averaging 6% to 10%. | | | Factors associated with nephrotoxicity include duration of treatment, increasing age, compromised renal function, volume depletion, elevated peak and trough levels, concurrent nephrotoxic drugs and previous exposure to aminoglycosides. | | | Aminoglycosides eliminate bacteria quickest when their concentration is appreciably above the MIC for an organism, this is referred to as concentration dependent activity. |
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http://www.rxkinetics.com/amino.html
(2258 words)
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| | Identification of Platform-Independent Gene Expression Markers of Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity |
| | Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) is a monthly journal of peer-reviewed research and news on the impact of the environment on human health. | | | As part of the studies conducted by the HESI Nephrotoxicity Working Group, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (0, 0.3, 1, or 5 mg/kg) and sacrificed after 4, 24, 48, or 144 hr. | | | Three toxicity working groups were formed to assess the application of microarray technology to nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and genotoxicity. |
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http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/txg/members/2004/6676/6676.html
(5021 words)
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| | DRAFT GUIDANCE FOR HAZARD DETERMINATION FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD |
| | Thus, the effects of nephrotoxicity are systemic in nature, such as hypertension, body fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and anemia. | | | The primary forms of nephrotoxicity are nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys), glomerulonephritis (damage to the glomerulus portion of the nephron), and acute or chronic renal failure. | | | The kidney eliminates body wastes, maintains body levels of electrolytes and fluids, and produces special enzymes and hormones that regulate blood pressure, pH, calcium, and the production of red blood cells. |
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http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/GHD100203.html
(13983 words)
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| | Nephrotoxicity in survivors of Wilms' tumours in the North of England |
| | Current and past treatment for Wilms' tumour does not have any clinically important nephrotoxic effect in the majority of patients. | | | Compensatory renal hypertrophy was seen in all but two patients, but blood pressure was within normal limits in all patients. | | | This finding will enable paediatric oncologists to reassure patients and parents that treatment for Wilms' tumour rarely causes long-term renal impairment. |
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http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v87/n10/abs/6600608a.html
(348 words)
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| | p981111a - Gentamycin, Nephrotoxicity |
| | Question: How prevalent is nephrotoxicity in Gentamycin therapy? | | | Abstract: Aminoglycoside antibiotics maintain a leading role in antibacterial therapy of severe gram-negative infections despite nephrotoxicity complicating 10% to 20% of therapeutic courses. | | | Institution: Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55415, USA. |
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http://www.emory.edu/WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch98/p981111a.html
(289 words)
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| | Tenofovir-related nephrotoxicity in HIV-infected patients |
| | Therefore, immunosuppression might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity in patients exposed to TDF, as occurs with many other adverse events associated with antiretroviral drugs. | | | Only 1-4% of patients discontinue TDF because of nephrotoxicity during the first year of treatment. | | | In conclusion, physicians should be aware of the potential nephrotoxicity of TDF, even in patients lacking any predisposing factor. |
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http://www.natap.org/2004/HIV/062804_09.htm
(824 words)
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| | Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo: Nephrotoxicity attributed to meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) ... |
| | The most important side effects of the drug are cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity;. | | | Nephrotoxicity attributed to meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) in the treatment of generalized cutaneous leishmaniasis | | | After treating more than 200 cases of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the last 19 years at our hospital, half of them were autochtonous1, we report here the first patient with the disease who died possibly due to treatment with Glucantime. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3855/is_199901/ai_n8840077
(1309 words)
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