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| | Needle-exchange programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | They may require the exchange of a dirty (used) needle for the clean needle, and education on drug abuse and blood-borne diseases may be provided. | | | Where no used needle is used, sometimes the term needle and syringe programme is used instead. | | | European studies have found the provision of needles does not cause a rise in drug use. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle-exchange_programme
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| | Free needles appear to curb risky practice of sharing them |
| | Shared needle use raises the risk for spreading and contracting infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, but a number of drug users interviewed in a two year-long study still persisted in sharing needles with close friends, the researchers wrote in the March issue of the American Journal of Public Health. | | | Most injection drug users who use community needle exchange programs-which aim to reduce the risk of illness spread through tainted needles-do not share their needles, according to a recent study by researchers at USC and the New York Academy of Medicine. | | | In other studies of the same population, needle sharing declined from 70 percent of users in 1990 to less than 25 percent of users in 2000. |
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http://www.usc.edu/hsc/info/pr/1vol7/706/free.html
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| | NIH Guide: RESEARCH ON NEEDLE HYGIENE AND NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAMS |
| | The foci of this research activity are epidemiologic/ethnographic observations of needle sharing practices (indirect and direct), use/nonuse of needle exchange, and evaluation of the efficacy of the interventions. | | | It is of critical importance to understand the social context of these behaviors, the extent to which needles are available and accessible, and the impact of local laws and regulations concerning needle/syringe availability and paraphernalia possession on HIV risk behaviors and behavioral change. | | | Behavioral data on how respondents usually acquire needles (access), and with what difficulty (barriers); respondents' participation in an HIV intervention program and what is recalled; individual changes in drug use, injection, and disinfection behaviors over time; subgroup changes in these behaviors; and intervention components, if any, that account for the change. |
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http://grants.nih.gov/GRANTS/guide/pa-files/PA-94-010.html
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| | Drug Policy Alliance: Drug Use as a Social Ritual. Chapter 13 |
| | A factor that may limit ritualization of needle sharing is the indirect relationship between the goal (the drug high) and the means (the needle). | | | Smith claims that "needle sharing is an integral part of the drug taking ritual" and that "sterile needles will not eliminate that ritual, but it will reduce some of theassociated medical risk."(23) However, just as the preceding publications, this article does not present empirical data to support this statement. | | | Ensuing, the sexual connotation of sharing needles is addressed and the authors suggest sexual overtones to needle usage. |
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http://www.drugpolicy.org/library/ritualp13_library.cfm
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| | The Facts About Needle Exchange (DRCNet Activist Guide 6/95) |
| | As the use of needle exchanges increases, the use of shared needles decreases. | | | Needle exchange programs (NEPs) are a simple, cost-effective way to reduce needle sharing, curtail the transmission of HIV/AIDS, increase the safe disposal of used needles, provide information to injecting drug users (IDUs), and help users obtain drug treatment, detox, and primary health care. | | | In addition to providing needles, programs distribute alcohol swabs to clean the skin before injection, medicative ointments for infections, sterile water, vials of bleach to disinfect used needles when new ones are not available, health pamphlets, condoms, and sharpsafe containers where users can safely dispose of dirty needles. |
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http://www.drcnet.org/guide6-95/exchange.html
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| | Ad Noiseam n.11 |
| | Panacea and Needle Sharing and Tarmvred - Panacea Shares Needles with Tarmvred | | | Sounds by Needle Sharing used in 1,2,3,4,5,7 and 8. | | | Also available are the "Panacea shares needles with Tarmvred" t-shirts. |
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http://www.adnoiseam.net/label/catalog/11
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| | NursingWorld Reading Room: Position Statement: Needle Exchange and HIV |
| | Since needle exchange programs attract many difficult to reach individuals, it is important that there also be access to primary health care services for sexually transmitted disease (STD), HIV screening and drug treatment resources. | | | The sharing of contaminated needles is the primary method of transmission for intravenous drug users. | | | Therefore, needle sharing is directly linked to the transmission of HIV disease. |
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http://nursingworld.org/readroom/position/blood/blnedl.htm
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| | Main Page |
| | Needle sharing is defined as either borrowing or lending a used needle (Wood, 2001). | | | Arguments against needle exchange programs argue that they do nothing to cure drug addiction or promote drug treatment. | | | Although they promote safer consumption practices by preventing the sharing of needles, they do nothing to prevent public use and consumption. |
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http://www.geog.ubc.ca/courses/geog331/student_project/nep.htm
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| | Rise in needle sharing among Pakistani injection drug users |
| | The researchers examined drug use and needle patterns of 224 drug users receiving services, such as food, bathing facilities, needle exchange, drug abuse counseling and wound care, from a non-governmental organization in Lahore, Pakistan before and after the beginning of the military campaign in Afghanistan. | | | Increases in injection drug use and needle sharing could pave the way for the spread of HIV and other blood borne infections, warned the authors. | | | After accounting for other factors associated with needle sharing, injection drug users interviewed after the war began were more than three times as likely to report sharing needles. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-07/jhub-rin070903.php
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| | AEGiS-SC: Addicts changing needle-sharing habits |
| | Many heroin addicts who used to share needles and syringes have changed their habits and no longer pass the dangerous equipment around, AIDS researchers reported yesterday. | | | Among the addicts who said they shared needles and syringes with just a single partner, only 15 percent said they engaged in that practice last year, whereas 37 percent had reported needle-sharing in 1986. | | | Addicts normally use small syringes that are permanently attached to the needle used for the injection, but some use larger syringes with detachable needles. |
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http://www.aegis.com/news/sc/1989/SC890311.html
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| | Harm Reduction: "Cold Turkey or Convenience?" Last year [2004], according to the NHS for Greater Glasgow, ... |
| | Availability of drugs and needles does nothing to encourage abstinence and the lack of readily available treatment merely serves to perpetuate drug abuse, dependency, and associated crimes. | | | This is claimed to be a pragmatic approach that recognises that certain people will inject drugs regardless of whether needles are given out and that it is better that they should have access to clean needles rather than the risks associated with dirty ones. | | | Last year [2004], according to the NHS for Greater Glasgow, over 1.1million clean needles were distributed to injecting drug users in an attempt to discourage needle sharing with the concomitant risk of the spread of infections. |
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http://www.dpna.org/resources/current/01-04-5.htm
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| | XI AIDS: Social Determinants Predict Needle Sharing... |
| | Factors suggestive of underlying psychological distress, rather than access to clean needles, were strongly associated with needle sharing, as indicated by a higher frequency of sexual abuse and depression among borrowers. | | | Access or barriers of clean needle use were not independently associated with borrowing used needles. | | | To identify determinants of needle sharing behaviour in Vancouver, where a recent outbreak of HIV infection occurred among injection drug users (IDUs) despite longstanding needle exchange and outreach services. |
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http://www.walnet.org/csis/med_research/xiaids/mod363.html
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| | Guardian Unlimited The Guardian Inmate takes legal action over lack of needle exchange |
| | A previous study suggested that 6.7% of inmates injected drugs and that there was a high level of needle sharing by prisoners who used drugs intravenously. | | | Although Mr Fielding, 43, is not a drug addict, he said he began to notice the problems associated with needle sharing. | | | At least 99% of health authorities operate needle exchange programmes, which have proved to reduce the spread of blood-borne viruses among drug addicts who inject. |
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1458011,00.html
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| | DrugSense Information on Needle Exchanges |
| | Experts in drug policy agree that opposition to needle exchange is one of the most destructive aspects of present government drug policy and one of those most amenable to improvement by harm reduction principles. | | | This has resulted in needle sharing by intravenous drug users (IDUs) becoming the second most common route by which AIDS is spread. | | | Many who work in the needle exchange field are concerned, however, that federal funding, if accompanied by typical unrealistic restrictions on how, when, and to whom rigs may be provided,coulda actually work against effective volunteer programs. |
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http://www.drugsense.org/nep.htm
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| | Does Needle Exchange Work? |
| | Needle exchange programs (NEPs) distribute clean needles and safely dispose of used ones for IDUs, and also generally offer a variety of related services, including referrals to drug treatment and HIV counseling and testing. | | | After the new laws went into effect, the sharing of needles among IDUs decreased substantially, and there was a shift from street needle and syringe purchasing to pharmacy purchasing. | | | Efforts to increase the availability of sterile needles must be a part of a broader strategy to prevent HIV among IDUs, including expanded access to drug treatment and drug-use prevention efforts. |
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http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/NEPrev.html
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| | 01.08.07 - A closer look at needle exchanges. |
| | Patterns of needle acquisition and sociobehavioral correlates of needle | | | needles from others even when needle exchange programs are available. | | | of needle sharing among drug addicted people and thereby reduced the risk of H.I.V. infection. |
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http://library.uchc.edu/bhn/cite/nyt/4207needles.html
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| | Needle Sharing: A Longitudinal Study of Female Injection Drug Users - Questia Online Library |
| | Psychopathology, deviant and unconventional behavior, poor emotional control, and low levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy are personality variables found to be correlated with needle sharing (4-7). | | | According to this model, needle-sharing behavior is hypothesized to be influenced by a number of factors stemming from the individual's personality, family, and peer relations, as well as ecological and cultural factors. | | | For example, in one study (3), females were more likely than males to report sharing needles, sharing needles with someone they later found out was HIV positive, injecting more frequently, having more sexual partners, and having sexual partners who were IDUs. |
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http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001756611
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| | Nat' Academies Press, Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of Sterile Needles and Bleach (1995) |
| | Although two drug injectors might each possess their own needle and syringe (and therefore deny that they are needle sharing), a potential for cross-contamination of needles and syringes is possible if each dips and draws solution from the same cooker in the same, or possibly later, injection episodes. | | | Injectors draw up drug solution into their needles and syringes through the cotton, which is used to filter out particulate matter from the cooker. | | | A separate category of drug injection practices can be termed indirect needle sharing because they do not directly involve passing a contaminated needle and syringe between individuals. |
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http://www.nap.edu/books/0309052963/html/26.html
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| | Needle-sharing by drug-users dangerous sign |
| | Syringes and needles are very cheap and are available without a prescription in Egypt's pharmacies, so El Kharrat had just assumed addicts would have no reason to reuse or share a dirty needle. | | | Until he began talking with them about HIV, El Kharrat didn't know that many of his clients were sharing needles when they took drugs, a major factor in spreading the AIDS virus. | | | But he discovered a superstition among addicts that getting new needles jinxes the chance of scoring drugs. |
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http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05072/470051.stm
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| | IV Drug Use |
| | Sharing unclean needles allows a direct exchange of blood from one person's body into the bloodstream of another. | | | If you do share needles, keep in mind that bleach cleaning is not risk free, but is an important tool for risk reduction. | | | Keep in mind that if you share dirty needles, you may also be putting your sexual partner or partners at risk through sexual activity. |
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http://www.acadianacares.com/drugs.htm
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| | American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Depressive Symptoms, Drug Network, and Their Synergistic Effect on ... |
| | The association of depressive symptoms with needle sharing after cleaning with bleach and needle sharing without cleaning was adjusted by demographic characteristics, life events, drug use patterns, and social support and drug networks. | | | In terms of needle-sharing behavior, 66% of them shared needles: 55% cleaned their needle with bleach before sharing, while 11% did so without cleaning. | | | Table 2 presents unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of depressive symptoms for needle sharing after cleaning with bleach and needle sharing without cleaning in the last 6 months based on the proportional odds model. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0978/is_1_25/ai_54097339/pg_2
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| | The Dogwood Center, Princeton, NJ, USA |
| | A study in Ohio found that 73 percent of the 276 active drug injectors interviewed feared carrying needles because of drug paraphernalia laws. | | | A Wyndham, Connecticut, study found that after the city’s needle exchange program was closed, pharmacies also cut back on their sale of syringes. | | | A Denver study revealed that street-based injectors rarely carried needles, even when engaged in buying drugs for their own consumption. |
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http://www.dogwoodcenter.org/profiling/20share.html
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| | T.I.K. - Toronto Industrial Kollective |
| | - Mothership 2 (Panacea, Needle Sharing and Tarmvred) | | | Rasta Bash, however, is the only song that does not work on the disc, and interesting enough, it is a Needle Sharing track that uses only Needle Sharing sounds, perhaps other elements could have saved it (although it seems to be going in a kind of goofy playful silly way and maybe that's the problem). | | | - Faggot House (Panacea, Needle Sharing and Tarmvred) |
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http://www.industrialkollective.org/reviews/various/psnwt.htm
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| | The Body: Egypt: Needle Sharing by Drug Users a Dangerous Sign |
| | Syringes and needles are cheap and available without a prescription in Egypt's pharmacies, so he assumed that IV drug users would have no reason to share or reuse a dirty needle. | | | Ehab El Kharrat, who has treated Cairo drug users for 16 years, did not know that many of his clients were sharing needles until he recently began discussing HIV awareness with them. | | | But in speaking to his clients, El Kharrat discovered a superstition among users that getting new needles jinxes the chance accessing more drugs. |
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http://www.thebody.com/cdc/news_updates_archive/2005/mar16_05/egypt_needle_sharing.html
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| | Sharing A Needle Risks More Than AIDS / Hepatitis also spreads among drug addicts |
| | Despite the success of needle exchange programs in preventing the spread of AIDS among injection- drug users, a new epidemic is emerging to threaten addicts with still another deadly disease. | | | When some of the addicts who declined the free needles developed AIDS and sought treatment at the city's clinics, doctors who examined them began observing an increase in positive blood tests for the hepatitis C virus. | | | One of the earliest volunteer needle exchange efforts took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, with vans roving inner-city streets each night to bring clean needles and disinfectant to addicts wherever they gathered. |
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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/27/MN68248.DTL&type=printable
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| | Boston.com / News / Local / Vt. / Group wants needle exchange to go mobile |
| | Organizers of a statewide needle exchange program for intravenous drug users want to change the program so needles can be given out in the community rather than just at approved clinics. | | | The exchange program is a continuing effort to squelch growing blood-borne viruses and sexually transmitted diseases passed through needle sharing and unprotected sex. | | | JOHNSBURY, Vt. -- Organizers of a statewide needle exchange program for intravenous drug users want to change the program so needles can be given out in the community rather than just at approved clinics. |
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http://www.boston.com/news/local/vermont/articles/2004/02/20/group_wants_needle_exchange_to_go_mobile
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| | Needle sharing spreads hepatitis B - billingsgazette.com |
| | CHEYENNE, Wyo. - The sharing of injection drug syringes and needles, then rinsing them in the same cups of water, was a major cause of a hepatitis B outbreak in Casper last year, state health officials said. | | | Johnston said access to clean needles and syringes isn't the problem. | | | One injection drug user told Van Houten that by the end of the night, the cup of rinse water people use to clean blood and drugs from their needles and syringes often "looks like pink Kool-Aid." |
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http://www.billingsgazette.com/index.php?id=1&display=phpdata/index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2004/03/31/build/wyoming/55-needles-hepatitis.inc
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| | DECREASE IN NEEDLE SHARING AND HIV INCIDENCE AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS IN THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC AND OTTAWA |
| | Conclusions: The decreasing trends in needle borrowing and HIV incidence are encouraging and may be the result of ongoing harm reduction efforts that now yield positive outcomes, despite the difficulties in dealing with cocaine users. | | | Downward trends were noted in needle borrowing, from 43.5% in 1995 to 32.6% in 2002 (p<0.001). | | | Nevertheless, the incidence remains unacceptably high and the prevalence is still increasing, suggesting that prevention programmes should be reinforced to go beyond simple needle exchange. |
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http://www.pulsus.com/cahr2003/abs/abs213.htm
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| | Rangel Cites GAO Study in Criticism of Needle-Exchange |
| | The GAO said virtually all of the strong evidence on needle exchanges is favorable and that many of the objections to such programs are unfounded. | | | Rangel had issued a statement March 26 characterizing as inconclusive a General Accounting Office (GAO) report concluding needle exchange is a promising AIDS prevention strategy. | | | A recent General Accounting Office (GAO) report that found only two of nine needle exchange projects it studied reduced needle-sharing among addicts was cited by Rep. Charles Rangel (D-New York) as grounds for restraining the expansion of needle-exchange programs (AP. |
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http://www.ndsn.org/april93/rangel.html
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| | New York Needle Exchanges Proving Highly Successful in Reducing Needle Sharing |
| | Results from a number of legally sanctioned needle exchange programs in New York City are showing significant decrease in needle sharing among addicts with no increase in drug use (Mireya Navarro, "New York Needle Exchanges Called Surprisingly Effective," The New York Times, A1, 2/18/93). | | | But he found that needle sharing dropped dramatically. | | | After participating in the program, only 20 percent said they still borrowed needles from others, compared to 30 percent prior to the program. |
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http://www.ndsn.org/march93/needle.html
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| | A Meta-Analysis of Needle Sharing, Lending, and Borrowing Behaviors of Needle Exchange Program Attenders |
| | Results indicated that needle sharing (r =-.189), variations on the outcome measure of needle sharing (r =-.161), and needle lending/borrowing (r =-.194) consistently declined among NEP attenders, suggesting the NEPs are effective in reducing risky needle-related behaviors of IDUs. | | | A Meta-Analysis of Needle Sharing, Lending, and Borrowing Behaviors of Needle Exchange Program Attenders | | | The research question posed was: Is NEP attendance associated with reductions in risky needle-related behaviors? |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.15.4.257.23828
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| | Circumstances surrounding the first injection episode and association with future needle sharing among young injection ... |
| | IDUs using a used needle for their first hit were more likely than those using a sterile needle to report recent needle sharing (60.6% vs. 32.3%, p<0.001). | | | Factors independently associated with current needle sharing, adjusting for age, gender, and race, included: using an unclean needle at injection initiation (AOR=3.30; 95% CI: 2.01-5.40) and having heard of a needle exchange program (NEP) prior to initiation (AOR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.37-0.92). | | | Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to determine associations between these factors and needle sharing within the last six months. |
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http://apha.confex.com/apha/131am/techprogram/paper_66612.htm
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| | Needle Exchange Programme |
| | That the (perceived) problems of pharmacy staff attitudes towards needle exchange clients be addressed in a systematic way by the Ministry of Health, NENZ and the Pharmacy Guild; research into pharmacy exchange users’ perceptions of service would be a useful first step. | | | That consideration be given to increasing the reach of the NSEP by enabling and/or encouraging the provision of needle exchange services through existing health service infrastructure, such as Community Health Centres and Sexual Health clinics. | | | That the costs and benefits that would result from the introduction of free one-for-one (new for old) needle and syringe exchange in |
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http://www.needle.co.nz/fastpage/fpengine.php?templateid=24
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| | Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) Can Be Transmitted Through Needle Sharing |
| | BUENOS AIRES (Reuters Health) - Needle sharing can result in transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), which is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and pleural effusion lymphomas, Argentinian and American scientists report in the current issue of Medicina. | | | Benetucci and colleagues examined stored sera from 223 individuals (96% men) who had attended clinics at FUNDAI between 1994 and 1997 for the purpose of receiving free HIV testing as well as counseling. | | | Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) Can Be Transmitted Through Needle Sharing |
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http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/recent/ois/082001k.html
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| | AllRefer Health - Medical News > Rising needle sharing likely to spell AIDS trouble in Pakistan |
| | Researchers fear that increases in injection drug use and needle sharing could pave the way for the spread of HIV and other blood- borne infections. | | | The study examined drug use and needle patterns of 224 drug users receiving services like food, bathing facilities, needle exchange, drug abuse counseling, and wound care from a Lahore- based NGO, before and after the beginning of the military campaign in Afghanistan. | | | Islamabad, July 10 (ANI): Post-Afghan war, needle sharing among Pakistani injection drug users has leaped more than three times, according to researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. |
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http://health.allrefer.com/news/index.php?ID=4005
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| | Drug injection-related disease and needle exchange |
| | Today's extensive needle sharing and its deadly consequences are a result of the War on Drugs. | | | Overwhelming scientific evidence has shown that needle exchange programs, and pharmacy syringe availability, reduce the spread of disease without increasing the use of drugs; conversely, laws prohibiting syringes distribution, and police actions against needle exchange programs, increase the spread of AIDS and cause needless loss of life. | | | Drug warriors say they are fighting "for the children," but current policies are killing children with infected needles. |
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http://www.drcnet.org/gateway/nep.html
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| | Hepatitis - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention |
| | Never share IV drug needles or other drug equipment. | | | Don't share needles, razors, toothbrushes, manicure tools or other items that could bear contaminated blood. | | | Less common ways are through sexual contact or from mother to child at birth. |
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http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/39/main.html
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| | RAND Advanced Publication Search View Abstract |
| | Results showed that drug users who attended the NEP less frequently were more likely to report needle sharing, less likely to report always cleaning their skin, and more likely to report sharing cookers. | | | In this study the authors tested frequency of attendance at a Providence, Rhode Island, needle exchange program (NEP) as a correlate of injection risk indicators including not just sharing needles but also sharing cookers, sharing cotton filters, cleaning the skin before injecting, and using bleach as a needle disinfectant. | | | Results of this study suggest that NEPs represent a valuable and underexploited opportunity to promote risk reduction efforts beyond the avoidance of needle sharing. |
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http://www.rand.org/cgi-bin/Abstracts/ordi/getabbydoc.pl?doc=LRP-200102-07
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| | Calif. governor signs one needle bill, vetoes another |
| | Schwarzenegger said 1,000 Californians are infected with HIV every year, often because of needle sharing. | | | Berg had argued that the current law is too complex and bureaucratic and discourages some communities from starting needle exchanges. | | | Arnold Schwarzenegger signed a bill Monday making it easier for drug users to buy clean hypodermic needles without a prescription, but he rejected another AIDS-prevention bill that would have loosened rules on free needle exchanges. |
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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2004/09/20/state2129EDT0142.DTL
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| | CANADA: "Safe Drug-Injection Sites Reduce Needle-Sharing, HIV Spread, Study Suggests" |
| | Intravenous drug users who regularly use Eastside Vancouver's safe-injection site are less likely to share needles than IV drug users who do not use the site, according to a new Canadian report published in the medical journal The Lancet. | | | Safe-injection sites will not decrease needle sharing among injectors "across the board," said Benedikt Fischer, senior researcher with the Toronto-based Canadian Center for Addiction and Mental Health. | | | Thomas Kerr, of the B.C. Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, and colleagues studied the injection habits of 431 IV drug users to see how many shared syringes. |
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http://www.hivresource.org/artman/publish/article_555.shtml
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| | NEEDLE-SHARING IS GREATER DISEASE RISK FACTOR THAN SEX |
| | Hepatitis B, a potentially fatal viral liver infection that spreads readily among the general population through unsafe sex, is more easily spread among intravenous drug users by sharing used needles, according to results of a study at The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health. | | | The intravenous drug users in the study were part of an ongoing study of HIV infection called the AIDS Link to Intravenous Experience, or ALIVE. | | | "The finding lends clear support to advocates of needle-exchange programs as well as to the distribution of bleach that can be used to disinfect needles," says David Vlahov, Ph.D., associate professor of epidemiology. |
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http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/press/1995/AUGUST/19955.HTM
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| | Hiv aids and older people |
| | Today, they are more likely to get the virus through sex or sharing needles. | | | Two thirds of these women got the virus by having sex with infected partners and one third got the virus by sharing needles. | | | The Need - Older People get HIV from Sex and Needle Sharing |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/aging/hiv/need_sec2.html
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| | Needle Sharing |
| | Needle sharing is a high-risk behavior for contracting infectious disease. | | | Usage of a single needle among two or more people for injecting drugs. | | | Syringe Sharing; Needle-Sharing; Needlesharing; Sharing, Needle; Sharing, Syringe |
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http://medical.webends.com/kw/Needle+Sharing
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| | Hepatitis C prevalence and needle/syringe sharing behaviours in recent onset injecting drug users. |
| | Of those injecting drug users who had reported use of less than 4 years, since the introduction of the New Zealand needle exchange programme, 53% were positive for anti-HCV. | | | There needs to be continuing emphasis on public health programmes to eradicate needle-sharing, and to promote safe injecting techniques for injecting drug users. | | | Needle-sharing was frequently reported to have ever occurred in 74% of these patients at some time, and in 64% of those who reported use of less than 4 years. |
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http://www.aegis.com/aidsline/1995/jul/M9570370.html
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| | ‘Needle sharing by drug abusers down by 60 pc' |
| | The Harm Reduction Project has helped reduce the sharing of needles among the Intravenous Drug Users (IDUs) by 60 per cent, said Dr. Ram Prasad Shrestha, President of the National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC). | | | "One of the achievements of harm reduction project has been the decline in the sharing of needles among IDUs," said Shrestha. | | | ‘Needle sharing by drug abusers down by 60 pc' |
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http://www.kantipuronline.com/kolnews.php?&nid=5386
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