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| | Urination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The micturition reflex, integrated in the spinal cord, predominates in infants. | | | Voluntary initiation of micturition involves an increase in action potentials sent from the cerebrum to facilitate the micturition reflex and to voluntarily relax the external urinary sphincter. | | | The ability to voluntarily inhibit micturition develops at the age of 2-3 years, and subsequently, the influence of the pons and cerebrum on the spinal micturition reflex predominates. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micturition_reflex
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| | ACVC 2001 - The Leakers: Disorders of Micturition and Continence |
| | The bladder emptying part of the micturition reflex is normal, but when the dog is at rest and the bladder is full, the internal sphincter tone is insufficient to prevent leakage of urine. | | | After the P.E., it is helpful to observe the animal's micturition behavior. | | | Because these studies are not routinely available to most clinicians, it is common to estimate the micturition dynamics based on astute observation, meticulous history and physical examination skills, and ruling out structural disease by ultrasonography and contrast radiography. |
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http://www.vin.com/VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00442.htm
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| | Patent 4063548: Method and apparatus for micturition analysis |
| | The micturition reflex is comprised of a plurality of interrelated neurological reflexes involved in urination. | | | The latter events are indicative of the normal micturition reflex. | | | Diagnosis of a particular patient's micturition characteristics is greatly facilitated through the techniques of gas cystometry and sphincter electromyography. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4063548.html
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| | Elimination of Urine |
| | We all possess a reflex behavior called the micturition reflex. | | | In an infant, this micturition reflex is their only control over their bladder. | | | But, as the infant develops into a child, one day that child is suddenly able to control their timing of micturition. |
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http://distance.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units24to26/urinary/urinelim.htm
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| | British Journal of Pharmacology - Actions of tramadol on micturition in awake, freely moving rats |
| | The micturition reflex can be influenced at spinal and supraspinal sites by interference with various neurotransmitters ( de Groat and Yoshimura, 2001). | | | Morphine is effective in blocking micturition reflexes within the central nervous system ( Dray and Nunan, 1987b), and reuptake inhibitors of noradrenaline and/or 5-HT can influence micturition ( Andersson, 2002). | | | (1984) The inhibitory effect of opioid peptides and morphine applied intrathecally and intracerebroventricularly on the micturition reflex in the cat. |
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http://www.nature.com/bjp/journal/v139/n4/full/0705297a.html
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| | Cerebral activation during micturition in normal men -- Nour et al. 123 (4): 781 -- Brain |
| | Blok BF, De Weerd H, Holstege G. Ultrastructural evidence for a paucity of projections from the lumbosacral cord to the pontine micturition center or M-region in the cat: a new concept for the organization of the micturition reflex with the periaqueductal gray as central relay. | | | Effect of cerebellectomy on reflex micturition in the decerebrate dog as determined by urodynamic evaluation. | | | Localization of brain stem and diencephalic areas controlling the micturition reflex. |
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http://www.brain.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/123/4/781
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| | Jiang, Chonghe, Prolonged modulation of the micturition reflex by electrical stimulation |
| | In conclusion, IVES induces a prolonged modulation of the micturition reflex by an LTP like enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central micturition reflex pathway. | | | Similarly, selective bladder A/delta/ afferent stimulation induced a long-lasting enhancement of micturition reflex discharges in cats. | | | A comparable prolonged inhibitory effect on the micturition reflex was demonstrated after ano-genital afferent stimulation. |
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http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp99/Med582s.htm
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| | Ceilidh ... InterStim therapy & neurogenic control of micturition/JS Fin, Pauresis UK |
| | The bladder content which is necessary to initiate reflex micturition or the so-called vesical threshold was studied after removal of one or both hemispheres and transection of the brainstem at various levels (Langworthy and Kolb, 1933). | | | Micturition, defecation, and erection programs are possible, with stimulus patterns set specifically for each patient (Brindley, 1994a). | | | After hypogastric nerve section, there was no change in micturition but presacral neurectomy or hypogastric nerve section caused relaxation of the ureteric orifices, trigone and internal sphincter of the bladder and dilatation of blood vessels (Bucy et al., 1937; Voris and Landes, 1940). |
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http://www.ipatalk.org/cgi-bin/ceilidh/best?C33f27561dMpH-3997-748+00.htm
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| | eMedicine - Neurogenic Bladder : Article by Jong M Choe, MD, FACS |
| | Certain lesions or diseases of the brain, including stroke, cancer, or dementia, result in loss of control of the normal micturition reflex. | | | This therapy depends on a preserved reflex arc through the intact sacral micturition center. | | | An intact spinal cord is critical for normal micturition. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3176.htm
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| | BLADDER CAPACITIES AND MICTURITION PAGE |
| | Micturition Reflex: The urethra has an internal urethral sphincter of smooth muscle and an external urethral sphincter of skeletal muscle. | | | The micturition reflex center in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral levels of the spinal cord receives information from stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle in the bladder wall. | | | Filling the bladder activates the stretch receptors, activating parasympathetic neurons which cause rhythmic contractions of the bladder and relaxation of the internal sphincter. |
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http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/micturition.htm
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| | Merck Vet. Edition - Disorders of Micturition |
| | Another neurologic cause of inability to urinate is functional obstruction (reflex dyssynergia), which occurs when there is incoordination of the normal micturition reflex; this is believed to result from overdischarge of sympathetic nerve impulses to the urethral sphincter. | | | Lesions in the sacral spinal cord, trauma to the pelvic nerve, and detrusor atony lead to LMN signs, which are characterized by a distended, easily expressed bladder. | | | Damage to the thoracolumbar spinal cord or disease of the cerebrum, cerebellum, or brain stem can lead to UMN signs, which are characterized by a distended bladder that is difficult to express. |
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http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/htm/bc/130411.htm
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| | les10m.htm |
| | The process of urination is coordinated by the micturition reflex. | | | Once the volume exceeds 500 ml the micturition reflex may generate enough pressure to force open the internal urethral sphincter. | | | When the external urethral sphincter muscle relaxes so does the internal urethral sphincter. |
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http://dtc.pima.edu/~biology/202alpha/lesson10/lesson10c.htm
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| | Volume of a Human Bladder |
| | The Micturition reflex center is located in the spinal cord. | | | It is interesting to note that the reason infants are unable to control the voluntary muscles associated with Micturition is because voluntary control of Micturition becomes possible as the brain and spinal cord mature. | | | The point at which a person can't "hold it in"anymore and urine is expelled from the urinary bladder is known as Micturition. |
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http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/DanielShaw.shtml
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| | micturition - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Phrases that include micturition : micturition reflex, micturition syncope, frequency of micturition, micturition bag, micturition center, more... | | | micturition : Webster's 1828 Dictionary [ home, info ] | | | Words similar to micturition : micturate, urination, more... |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=micturition
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| | eMedicine - Bladder Management : Article by Ramon S Lansang, Jr, MD |
| | These lesions cause interruption of the spinobulbospinal reflex, which leads acutely to areflexia, then usually to detrusor hyperreflexia and uncoordinated micturition with detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. | | | Lesions of the peripheral nerves or the sacral micturition center cause detrusor areflexia that manifests as distended bladder with overflow incontinence. | | | The pontine micturition center may play a role in coordinating relaxation of the external sphincter with bladder contractions while the cerebral cortex plays an inhibitory role in relation to the sacral micturition center. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic231.htm
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| | Basic Urodynamics - Micturition Reflex |
| | The ability to control the MICTURITION REFLEX is dependent upon two "systems" being intact. | | | The MICTURITION REFLEX is a two phase cycle that serves as a protective mechanism for the kidneys. | | | RECEPTORS in the bladder communicate with RECEPTORS in the brain, via the spinal cord, to control the MICTURITION REFLEX. |
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http://www.life-tech.com/uro/urolib/micrflx.htm
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| | EFFECTS OF A SELECTIVE METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR AGONIST ON THE MICTURITION REFLEX PATHWAY IN URETHANE-ANESTHETIZED RATS. |
| | The aim of this study was to determine the role of metabotropic GluR in spinobulbospinal micturition reflex, using a selective metabotropic GluR agonist,trans-(+/-)-1-Amino1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD). | | | NMDA receptors and AMPA / kinate receptors) were proved to be involved in the descending and ascending limb of micturition reflex pathway between lumbosacral spinal cord and pontine micturition center [1.2]. | | | The effect of trans-ACPD on the urethral activity during isovolumetric bladder contraction was also examined by using urethral perfusion pressure and electromyography of the external urethral sphincter (EUS). |
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http://www.continet.org/publications/2000/POSTERS/NEUROPHYSIOLOGY/241.htm
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| | 5-HT1A RECEPTORS AND MICTURITION CONTROL IN NORMAL, CONSCIOUS RATS |
| | There is evidence that these neurons may inhibit the micturition reflex. | | | 5-HT on micturition is in apparent disagreement with the proposed existence of descending serotonergic pathways tonically inhibiting micturition. | | | The importance of spinal 5-HT receptors for micturition, remains to be elucidated. |
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http://www.continet.org/publications/2000/POSTERS/PHARMACOLOGY/51.htm
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| | Neuropathic bladder - Aloy Okeke |
| | Up to 12 micturition reflexes have been described but only 4 are considered important in health: | | | second, the micturition reflex is activated, co-ordinated in the brain stem (pons). | | | The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, hypothalmus, basal ganglia and cerebellum have a modifying influence on the pontine micturition centre. |
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http://www.bui.ac.uk/Tutorials/neurobladd.htm
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) ligands, on micturition in anaesthetized rats