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| | Mesolimbic pathway - encyclopedia article about Mesolimbic pathway. |
 | | The mesolimbic pathway is one of the major pathways targeted by antipsychotic The term antipsychotic is applied to a group of drugs used to treat psychosis. | | | Because of this, this pathway is heavily implicated in neurobiological theories of addiction Addiction is a compulsion to repeat a behavior regardless of its consequences. | | | nigrostriatal pathway The nigrostriatal pathway is a neural pathway which connects the substantia nigra with the striatum. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Mesolimbic%20pathway
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| | Dopaminergic pathways - Freepedia |
| | The mesocortical pathway transmits dopamine from the VTA to the frontal cortex. | | | The nigrostriatal pathway transmits dopamine from the substantia nigra to the striatum. | | | Malfunctions of the mesocortical pathway are associated with schizophrenia. |
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http://en.freepedia.org/Dopaminergic_pathways.html
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| | THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM |
| | Degeneration of the neurons in this pathway is associated with the trembling and muscular rigidity symptomatic of Parkinson’s disease. | | | The mesolimbic pathway is important for memory and for motivating behaviours. | | | By blocking this pathway, antipsychotic drugs reduce the intense emotions caused by conditions such as schizophrenia. |
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http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_03/a_03_cl/a_03_cl_que/a_03_cl_que.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Another output from the VP is a pathway to the PPTg, a brain area that could further mediate the information from forebrain structures to the spinal cord and modulate the motor behaviour (Mogenson 1987). | | | However, studies, where the function of certain dopaminergic or noradrenergic pathways were blocked pharmacologically or with selective lesions, strongly supported the role of dopaminergic but not that of noradrenergic system as a substrate for the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse (Fibiger 1978; Wise and Rompré 1989). | | | These neuronal pathways are believed to mediate the reinforcing effects of different stimuli, which exert control over behaviour. |
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http://www.cellscience.com/CCA.htm
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| | Mesolimbic Pathway And Nicotine Addiction |
| | Genes involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway of the. | | | Also, neurologic pathways other than the mesolimbic pathway may be. | | | .pathway leading to nicotine addiction has been examined in these animals: high affinity nicotine binding is completely absent in the mesolimbic.the pathway toward nicotine addiction. |
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http://www.smoke-away-review.com/stopsmoke/mesolimbic-pathway-and-nicotine-addiction.html
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| | Neural pathway TutorGig.co.uk Encyclopedia |
| | Neural pathways serve to connect relatively distant areas of the brain or nervous system, compared to the local communication of grey matter. | | | Therefore, most neural pathways are made up of axons. | | | If the axons have myelin sheaths, then the pathway appears bright white because myelin is primarily lipid. |
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http://www.tutorgig.co.uk/ed/Neural_pathway
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| | Neurobiology of schizophrenia |
| | mesocortical pathway, which projects from the brainstem (midbrain) areas to the cortex, particularly the prefrontal cortex which is involved in the temporal organization of behavior, in motivation, planning, attention and social behavior. | | | Thus, the behavioral effects of PCP may be due in part to its ability to enhance DA release in the mesolimbic pathway while blocking DA release in the mesocortical pathway. | | | Attempts were made to develop effective drugs that did not produce the adverse side effects—thus, the development of atypical antipsychotic drugs. |
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http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/psychology/psy760/schizo.htm
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| | NIDA - Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug Abuse in Family Practice - Pathophysiology |
| | One specific mesolimbic "reward pathway" has been identified in the brain [31], and others may exist. | | | Animal studies suggest the existence of at least one central reward-reinforcement pathway for drug self-administration in the human brain. | | | The long-term cellular changes engendered by this recurring process seem to interact with the reinforcement pathways through mechanisms that include the endogenous opioid systems, since craving for alcohol can be at least partially blocked by the opiate antagonist naltrexone (Trexan). |
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http://www.nida.nih.gov/Diagnosis-Treatment/Diagnosis4.html
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| | Genetic Influences on Smoking: Candidate Genes |
| | Also, neurologic pathways other than the mesolimbic pathway may be directly or indirectly affected by tobacco constituents and may contribute to other reinforcing effects and learned behaviors that play a role in smoking addiction (29). | | | Appreciation of the importance of the dopamine pathway in addictive behavior has led to increasing interest in the design of therapies aimed at this pathway (23,24). | | | Addictive drugs stimulate a neural "reward pathway" in the the limbic system of the brain, which controls basic emotions and behaviors and provides a physiological basis for the perception of pleasure (20). |
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http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/1998/106p231-238rossing/rossing-full.html
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| | CRISP - Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects, Abstract Display |
| | Activation of the cholinergic habenulo-interpeduncular pathway may be an alternate or supplementary mechanism mediating or modulating the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. | | | Since the 1980's it has been known that the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway functions as a reward system that is separate from the mesolimbic pathway. | | | The goal of this proposal is to examine the role of cholinergic mechanisms in the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway as a potential substrate for new treatments. |
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http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6817626&p_grant_num=1R01DA016283-01A2&p_query=&ticket=10744289&p_audit_session_id=49492089&p_keywords=
(344 words)
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| | drug of abuse.html |
| | 1) the nigrostriatal pathway that originates from dopamine-synthesizing neurons of the midbrain substantia nigra complex and innervates the dorsal striatum (caudate-putamen). | | | Although the neural basis of behavioral sensitization to dopamine agonists still remains to be completely elucidated, considerable progress has been achieved in the phenomenological characterization of the sensitization phenomenon at both the behavioral and neurochemical levels. | | | 2) the mesolimbic system that arises in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) and innervates the ventral striatum, mainly the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and olfactory tubercle and part of the limbic system - this system influences motivated behavior, including activity related to reward. |
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http://www.unifr.ch/biochem/DREYER/drabuse.html
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| | Dopamine and substantia nigra |
| | As brain mesolimbic dopamine pathways have been proposed to be associated with the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders, we thought it would be of interest to examine whether these animals present disturbances in the mesolimbic dopamine system. | | | The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system has long been known to be involved in reward behaviors. | | | Sprouting of the lesioned axons was observed along the nigrostriatal pathway, precisely corresponding to the areas containing anterogradely transported GDNF. |
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http://lansbury.bwh.harvard.edu/da_and_substantia_nigra.htm
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| | Cannabinoid activity curtails cocaine craving - Nature Medicine |
| | This pathway is thought to be activated in behaviors such as eating and mating, and to underlie the rewarding properties of many psychoactive drugs, but its exact role in drug craving and relapse is only partially understood. | | | This neuromodulatory pathway projects from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the midbrain to the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. | | | One key question is what neurotransmitter systems interact with this mesolimbic dopamine pathway during relapse. |
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http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v7/n10/full/nm1001-1099.html
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| | Zoology 214 Lecture 19: October 1, 2001 |
| | Parkinson's is caused by the death of some of the dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway | | | The neurons in this pathway use dopamine as their neurotransmitter | | | Treatment of the schizophrenic with neuroleptics unintentionally damages the nigrostriatal pathway |
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http://www.humboldt.edu/~bao3/214lectures/214Lecture19.htm
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| | Reward Centers |
| | The NAcc is involved in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway responsible for the reinforcing effects of drug addiction, Therefore, it is a possibility that pair bonding occurs because of its addiction- like reinforcing effects in NAcc. | | | The nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum and prelimbic cortex are part of the dopamine pathway involved in the rewarding/ reinforcing effects of natural or artificial drugs. | | | To condition partner preference, it was shown that Oxytocin and vasopression acted on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. |
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http://academic.uofs.edu/student/parlapianoc2/reward.html
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| | Current Projects |
| | The mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway projecting from the ventral tegmentalarea (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NACC) is believed to be intimately involved in the reinforcing properties of the addictive drugs including alcohol and nicotine. | | | There is strong suggestion that the stimulatory action of ethanol on the mesolimbic system might also be mediated by nicotinic receptors located in this pathway. | | | Microdialysis and HPLC-EC procedures will be used to determine the dose-response effects of microinjecting nicotinic agonists (nicotine and cytisine) or antagonist (mecamylamine) into the VTA and measuring extracellular levels of DA in the shell portion of the NACC of Wistar rats. |
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http://www.med.howard.edu/coga/Current_proj_Tizabi.htm
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| | CNS - Diseases of Motor Function |
| | mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways are organized in parallel | | | NA is interface between mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways | | | The Nigrostriatal Pathway and Extrapyramidal Control of Skeletal Muscle |
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http://www.mercer.edu/pharmacy/faculty/holbrook/dss2a2.html
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| | Sexual Behavior and Sex-Associated Environmental Cues Activate the Mesolimbic System in Male Rats |
| | Although the present results show that key components of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway are activated during male sexual behavior, it is not clear when during the behavior this activation occurs. | | | The mesolimbic system plays an important role in the regulation of both pathological behaviors such as drug addiction and normal motivated behaviors such as sexual behavior. | | | These manipulations did not alter sexual performance, suggesting that this pathway is involved in the motivational aspects of the behavior rather than the consummatory phase. |
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http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/npp/journal/v29/n4/full/1300350a.html
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| | Nat' Academies Press, Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction (2001) |
| | The area of the brain that is responsible for the reinforcing effects of all drugs of abuse is the mesolimbic pathway, which contains the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and frontal lobe and is rich in dopamine. | | | Nicotine self-administration behavior is diminished by either surgical or chemical ablation of dopaminergic pathways or by treatment with dopamine antagonists (Kameda et al., 2000). | | | Dopamine is believed to be the dominant neurotransmitter in the maintenance of drug-taking behavior (DiChiara, 1999; Koob, 1992). |
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http://books.nap.edu/books/0309072824/html/245.html
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| | February 1998 Vol 43, No 1 Review Paper 1 |
| | It is generally believed that reward mechanisms involve the motivational pathways of the median forebrain bundle, and these motivational pathways are common to many positive reinforcers and to many forms of approach behaviour (23). | | | More recently, interest has shifted to the brain reward pathways that are primarily related to positive reinforcement mechanisms, and these are examined here (22). | | | More specific to the reward pathway, small concentrations of nicotine selectively enhance the release of dopamine in the VTA and the NA (27—30). |
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http://www.cpa-apc.org/subscriptions/Archives/1998/Feb/feb98_revpap1.htm
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| | OhioLINK ETD: BALFOUR, MARGARET |
| | Taken together, these studies suggest that sexual behavior activates the mesolimbic DA pathway and that repeated endogenous activation of this system results in long-term changes in its function. | | | There is increasing evidence that the various drugs of abuse converge upon common reward pathways in the brain. | | | While it is clear that these circuits are involved in drug-induced reward and reinforcement, less is known about how these systems function when activated by normal motivated behaviors such as sexual behavior. |
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http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1060620529
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| | Jordi Ortiz, Ph.D.<B><BIG> Jordi Ortiz, Ph.D. <P></BIG></B> |
| | Since this neural pathway is also implicated in the reinforcing actions of ethanol, it was of interest to determine whether chronic ethanol exposure results in similar biochemical adaptations. | | | Fischer 344 rats were the most responsive in that they exhibited all of the aforementioned adaptations, whereas Lewis rats were the least responsive in that they exhibited none of these adaptations; Sprague-Dawley rats exhibited an intermediate number of responses. | | | Moreover, GluR1 and NMDAR1 levels were not regulated in other regions of the mesolimbic or nigrostriatal DA pathways, including the substantia nigra. |
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http://servet.uab.es/jortiz/abuse.html
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| | Recognized HTML document |
| | These findings are consistent with the idea that mesolimbic DA participates in the long-term aversive consequences of drug withdrawal, which may contribute to drug seeking behavior and relapse into drug dependence. | | | The choice of locally anesthetized rats is based on the fact that general anesthesia (chloral hydrate, ketamine) has been shown to alter the effect of various cannabinoids on the electrophysiological response of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons (15, 21). | | | More relevant to the issue of drug addiction is, however, the involvement of the dopaminergic system in the chronic effects of addictive drugs. |
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http://www.drugtext.org/library/research/cannabis/behavior/behavior06/behavior06_Dir/behavior06_Page1.htm
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| | DRUG THERAPIES FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA |
| | Blocking of dopamine at the mesolimbic pathway reduces the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. | | | According to the dopamine hypothesis, overactivity of this pathway leads to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (the little demons in his head). | | | Blocking this pathway with dopamine antagonists (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine) reduces the positive symptoms. |
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http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/psychology/psy260/jthomas/drugther.htm
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| | Substances of abuse and addiction |
| | Drugs of abuse exert their influence over the brain reward pathway either by directly influencing the action of dopamine within the system, or by altering the activity of other neurotransmitters that exert a modulatory influence over this mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. | | | Aminobutyric acid (GABA), opioid, serotonergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter pathways have all been shown to interact at various points along the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway and to modulate its activity. | | | This forms the brain s primary reward pathway, the mesolimbic dopamine system. |
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http://abdellab.sunderland.ac.uk/lectures/addiction/opiates1.html
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| | Sara Lindholm: Doktorsavhandling från Karolinska Institutet |
| | The brain mesolimbic dopamine pathway originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) with projections to limbic brain structures such as the nucleus accumbens has been implicated in the reinforcing effects of different drugs of abuse. | | | These results suggest that repeated exposure to ethanol may lead to neuroadaptive changes in the dynorphin/kappa-receptor system associated with the mesolimbic pathway, some of which may be long lasting. | | | The present thesis examined the neurobiological and behavioral interactions between ethanol and endogenous opioids, with specific focus on the dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor system. |
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http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-026-1
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| | Juha Airio: Role of Cerebral Dopamine and Noradrenaline in Locomotor Sensitization to Morphine in Mice |
| | The mesolimbic pathway innervates mainly the nucleus accumbens and the tuberculum olfactorium and is considered to be involved in arousal, locomotor activity, reward, motivational and affective states and euphoria induced by drugs (Björklund and Lindvall 1984; Fuxe et al. | | | This pathway is important in higher cortical functions (Björklund and Lindvall 1984; Fuxe et al. | | | The reinforcing properties of addictive drugs are considered important in the development of dependence (Koob and Bloom 1988; Robinson and Berridge 1993), and the role of the mesolimbic dopaminergic systems is considered important in the mediation of the reinforcing properties of these drugs (Wise and Bozarth 1987; Robinson and Berridge 1993). |
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http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/farma/vk/airio/review.html
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| | Re: abilify...why is it causing anxiety in some folks? |
| | It modulates rather than blocks dopamine, so it probably raises dopamine in some areas of the brain, like the mesolimbic pathway, which can cause anxiety. |
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http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20030106/msgs/135028.html
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| | Effects of Nicotine on the Brain |
| | When the mesolimbic pathway is stimulated, the neurons secrete dopamine. | | | This system is the same pathway that creates the intense cravings to indulge in certain foods or activities, such as sex. | | | Studies in rats have shown that nicotine effects the mesolimbic system. |
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http://student.biology.arizona.edu/honors96/group7/studies.htm
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| | Mental Disorders |
| | For example, clozapine blocks DA in the mesolimbic pathway without blocking the nigrostriatal pathway. | | | 2) The mesolimbic pathway runs from the midbrain to the frontal cortex. | | | 1) The nigrostriatal pathway runs from the substantia nigra to the striatum (i.e., caudate nucleus). |
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http://www.vancouver.wsu.edu/fac/morgan/lecture/mental.html
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| | The Pharmacology of Mesocortical Dopamine Neurons: A Dual-Probe Microdialysis Study in the Ventral Tegmental Area and ... |
| | Westerink BHC, Kwint H-F and De Vries JB (1996) The pharmacology of mesolimbic dopamine neurons: A dual-probe microdialysis study in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of the rat brain. | | | Compared with nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine neurons, mesocortical neurons are more responsive to stimulation of cholinergic | | | Data on a similar experiment carried out in the mesolimbic pathway (Westerink et al., 1996 |
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http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/285/1/143
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| | NARSAD: Research Center: Project Summary for Carlos Bolanos, Ph.D. |
| | Results should lead to a better understanding of the reward pathway in regulating mood and affective state. | | | While most BDNF work has concentrated on the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, anhedonia (inability to get pleasure from normally pleasurable experiences) and decreased motivation associated with depression suggest mesolimbic dopamine pathway involvement. | | | In the study, Dr. Bolanos will try to understand the role of BDNF and its second messengers in mediating depressive behaviors in rodents. |
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http://www.narsad.org/research/summaries/bolanoscarlos-2004yi.html
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| | PSYCH 3711 |
| | Overactive Globus Pallidus (direct/indirect pathway – Basal Ganglia/Subthalamic nucleus/thalamus/cortex) | | | Ø Nigrostriatal pathway [substantia nigra to striatum (basal ganglia)] | | | Ø Mesolimbic pathway (“central reward pathway”) (VTA, nucleus accumbens, Pre-frontal cortex) |
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http://www.psych.utah.edu/psych3711/weeklyreview/exam2review02.html
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| | MIDARP at Hunter College |
| | For example, mechanisms of reward (positive reinforcement) are likely to be understood by repetitive release of dopamine, especially in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway form the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens. | | | Therefore, METH offers an important research tool to manipulate dopaninergic pathways and study the normal activities of the brain. | | | By augmenting synaptic dopamine in the positive reinforcement centers of the brain, namely the mesolimbic system, METH affords the neuroscientist a tool to study the normal activities of the reward system of the mammalian brain. |
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http://maxweber.hunter.cuny.edu/psych/midarp/project1.htm
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| | Lesson 8: Lecture 2 Transcript |
| | Well the mesocortical pathway basically inhibits the mesolimbic pathway. | | | Ultimately, when you get disinhibition in the mesolimbic pathway, you begin to develop symptoms. | | | The mesolimbic system, as we see in slide 27, has several structures as well and is primarily involved with emotion and memory. |
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http://www.class.uidaho.edu/psyc372/lessons/lesson08/transcript_8-2.htm
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| | spharm |
| | The dopamine hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia may be caused by the "overactivity of dopaminergic synapses, probably those in the mesolimbic pathway, which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and amygdala." | | | The activity of dopaminergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens is known to be a vital link in the concept of reinforcement. | | | Pharmacological studies indicate that the positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia may be caused by a biochemical disorder, which as commonly been referred as the dopamine hypothesis. |
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http://academic.uofs.edu/student/novakc2/spharm.html
(516 words)
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| | Dopamine |
| | The positive symptoms of psychosis are a result of excess dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway. | | | This creates a lack of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway. | | | Evidence for this hypothesis is that blockade of D2 receptors decreases auditory hallucinations and delusions. |
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http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/psych/ppfr/dopamine.htm
(371 words)
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| | Medial Preoptic Area |
| | An important connection along the ventral amygdalofugal pathway is in the VTA, which is also a part of the mesolimbic pathway. | | | The MPOA, and the androgen sensitive neurons that form the ventral amygdalofugal pathway leading to the MPN, specifically, relay information regarding sexually relevant stimuli through the brain, eliciting natural responses. | | | The pathways that these receptors innervate are vital to the expression of maternal behavior by stimulating hormones like estrogen. |
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http://nawrot.psych.ndsu.nodak.edu/Courses/Psych465.S.02/projects/reproduction/MPOA.htm
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| | Lecture5 |
| | used DA-neurotoxin 6-OHDA -> unilateral damage to nigrostriatal pathway |
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http://pavlov.psyc.queensu.ca/~psyc371/lecture10.htm
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| | PSYCH70: EXAM II Study Guide |
| | The Mesolimbic DA Pathway - - Know what it is (including the major nuclei involved and the neurotransmitter used by this pathway); know why it's considered to play an important role in drug addiction. | | | Most of you probably fully understand the following points, but I'd suggest you review any topic or term that you do not understand completely.) | | | Pharmacokinetics - - Know what the term refers to; know the factors that influence the pharmacokinetic profile of a psychoactive drug; understand how the route of administration generally influences the onset of effects, and how this relationship generally influences the rewarding properties of a psychoactive drug. |
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http://www.unc.edu/gform-links/courses/pre2000fall/psyc070a/examII.html
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| | Drugs and Behavior |
| | activity in specific areas in the mesolimbic pathway. | | | pathway rewarding effects can be produced in the nucleus accumbens, |
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http://course1.winona.edu/rdeyo/drugsand.htm
(176 words)
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| | Mesolimbic pathway - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Mesolimbic pathway |
| | Mesolimbic pathway is not available in the Hutchinson encyclopedia. | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | You may also use the word browser links: |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Mesolimbic+pathway
(78 words)
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