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| | Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior - I.C.G. Weaver et al / Nature Neuroscience v.7, n.8, 1aug04 |
 | | Such naturally occurring variations in maternal behavior are associated with the development of individual differences in behavioral and HPA responses to stress in the offspring. | | | Such effects commonly follow from the exposure of the mother to the same or similar forms of threat and may represent examples whereby the experience of the mother is translated through an epigenetic mechanism of inheritance into phenotypic variation in the offspring. | | | The effect of maternal care on HPA responses to stress seems to be, in part, associated with differences in hippocampal GR levels and glucocorticoid negative feedback sensitivity7. |
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http://www.mindfully.org/Health/2004/Maternal-Epigenetic-Programming1aug04.htm
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| | American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine: Effect of Maternal Smoking on Respiratory and Arousal ... |
| | The effect of maternal smoking on apnea and arousal patterns in preterm infants is currently unknown. | | | Tirosh and colleagues examined the effect of maternal smoking on arousal response and found that infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had a significant decrease in arousal response after obstructive events (9). | | | There is limited information on the effect of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke on apnea and arousal pattern in prclcrm infants. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4085/is_200403/ai_n9381544
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| | Maternal smoking and breastfeeding |
| | Because less is known about the effect of maternal smoking on lactation or duration of breastfeeding, our study focused on the influence of cigarette smoking on breastfeeding. | | | After adjustment for maternal smoking and other confounders, results suggested that smoking had a direct effect on breastfeeding. | | | These groups were then assessed with maternal and child health indicators. |
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http://www.emro.who.int/Publications/EMHJ/0503/03.htm
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| | Figure 1 |
| | Our hypothesis was marginally supported by the data regarding the effect of maternal environment on seed germination, because it was only significant in the second trial, where Indiana burrs were more likely to germinate. | | | Burr, seed mass, and maternal environment did not affect the timing of germination as much as they affected probability of germination. | | | In particular, our group is interested in how heritability of important traits (such as flowering time) is affected by the considerable non-heritable variation among the phenotypes of offspring whose maternal parents provision their seeds unequally. |
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http://www.depauw.edu/acad/biology/Websites/danadudle/Junejavens2001summerproject.htm
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| | PCB 5065 Non-Mendelian Genetics |
| | This is in contrast to our usual expectation that the phenotype of an individual is determined by the genotype of that individual. | | | However, only the maternal copy is expressed in particular regions of the brain. | | | The affected individuals therefore carry only a maternal allele. |
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http://www.hos.ufl.edu/ctdcweb/pcb5065III.htm
(4401 words)
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| | Maternal Control of Early Development |
| | Using this approach, Tennant and others examined the early developing embryo for dominance of maternal or paternal traits. | | | Many of these have been found to affect dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior polarity in the developing embryo. | | | Due to the technical sophistication of enucleation experiments, in the late 60s and early 70s, a number of experiments examined the effects of transcriptional inhibitors (actinomycin D, alpha-amantin) on a number of experimental embryos. |
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/maternal_control.html
(1200 words)
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| | About Gender |
| | The phenomenon was further studied in fruit flies (what else!) and was found to determine four fundamental features in development | | | Christian, A. Davis, S. Thomas, I. Benjamin, (2000) Embryonic development: Maternal effect of Hsf1 on reproductive success (Absract) Nature 407, 693 - 694 (2000); doi:10.1038/35037669 | | | The effect was first discovered in the 1930's with snails. |
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http://www.gender.org.uk/about/03gene/38bmatnl.htm
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| | Revisiting Maternal effect : Exploring Essential Information, Data and Explanation. |
| | Maternal care influences neuronal survival in the hippocampus of the rat. | | | Maternal drug abuse and drug exposed children a compendium of HHS activities (SuDoc HE 1.2:C 73/ by U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services | | | Maternal effect: an additional mechanism maintaining balanced polymorphisms of haemoglobinopathies? |
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http://www.llpoh.org/Biology_Update/Maternal_effect.html
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| | Responsible Breeding - The Maternal Grandsire |
| | We dog breeders tend to be impatient and are disappointed when an outstanding male does not immediately reproduce his excellence. | | | Dog breeders should be aware of this possible maternal-grandsire effect. | | | The most important contribution would probably be in the realm of canine health, but eventually we might have the tools to track the inheritance of many canine characteristics that seem capricious in their skipping of generations. |
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http://www.akc.org/breeders/resp_breeding/Articles/maternalgrandsire.cfm
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| | Segmentation in Drosophila: The maternal legacy |
| | Stronger alleles result in the loss of most anterior structures and occasional pattern duplications. | | | bicoid: Weak alleles of bicoid resemble the effects of anterior cytoplasmic leakage experiments. | | | The two most important pieces of supporting evidence were 1) showing that uniformly transcribed transgenes would be translated in the hunchback or caudal pattern if they were fused to the appropriate 3'UTR and 2) demonstrating that bicoid and pumillio could bind the 3'UTR RNA in vitro. |
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/D_m_segment_I.html
(2496 words)
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| | Maternal effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A maternal effect, in genetics, is the phenomena where the genotype of a mother is expressed in the phenotype of its offspring. | | | Maternal effect genes often affect early developmental processes such as axis formation. | | | This term may also be used to describe maternal inheritance, in which some aspect of an offspring's genotype is inherited solely from the mother. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_effect
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| | wimp |
| | In addition to its conditional maternal effect summarized above, wimp is also a recessive lethal mutation: homozygous wimp embryos die with severe cuticle pattern disruptions, suggesting that wimp may affect processes such as cellularization and gastrulation. | | | With this in mind, we set out to identify wimp-interacting mutations with crucial roles in Drosophila oogenesis or early embryogenesis that define new pathways of regulation. | | | These mutants provide useful entry points into specific developmental pathways, and their subsequent analysis is expected to complement those of existing mutations, and to help in understanding mechanisms used in various early events required for proper embryonic development. |
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http://www.fhcrc.org/labs/parkhurst/wimp.html
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| | Lecture 15-Maternal inheritance and maternal effect |
| | Maternal effect refers to the observation that certain genotypes do not express themselves phenotypically in the original individual, but only in its progeny. | | | Almost all these traits have to do with the formation or early development of eggs/embryos in females, which rely on maternal functions. | | | It has been proposed that cloning an animal from a somatic cell means asking for trouble because the somatic cell's DNA is not imprinted in the same way as normal zygotic DNA and might therefore not be expressed properly. |
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http://fp.bio.utk.edu/botany/Botany_courses/fpcourses/240%20genetics/Lecture%2015-Complications%20of%20Mendel%20Appendix.htm
(486 words)
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| | Pharyngula::Maternal Effect genes |
| | Maternal effect genes are a special class of genes that have their effect in the reproductive organs of the mutant; they are interesting because the mutant organism may appear phenotypically normal, and it is the progeny that express detectable differences, and they do so whether the progeny have inherited the mutant gene or not. | | | Maternal effect genes are common, and we know they are present in humans and other mammals—eggs contain many more informational macromolecules than just strands of DNA, and any organism above the level of a virus is going to pass information on to its progeny via the cytoplasm. | | | One clever experiment: the role of the bicoid gene product has been tested with what is called a rescue experiment, illustrated above. |
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http://www.pharyngula.org/index/weblog/comments/725
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| | The Effect of Maternal Drug Use on Birth Weight: Measurement Error in Binary Variables |
| | This suggests that out-of-sample information on drug use may improve estimates of the effect of reported drug use in other settings. | | | We show that more accurate estimates of the true effect of drug use on birth weight can be obtained by using the predicted probability of falsely reporting drug use. | | | Our results suggest that estimates of the effect of self reported prenatal drug use on birth weight are biased upwards by measurement error -- a finding contrary to predictions of a model of random measurement error. |
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http://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/5434.html
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| | Maternal effect leads to DNA replication pattern in maize endosperm |
| | Maternal effects arise due to protein(s) or transcript(s) encoded by the nuclear genome of the maternal parent that influence the development/performance of the progeny. | | | If maternal effects are causing the observed patterns, the following outcomes would be predicted. | | | Maternal effect leads to DNA replication pattern in maize endosperm |
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http://www.maizegdb.org/mnl/65/178kowles.html
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| | Department of Plant Biology - Research - Evans - Project1 |
| | Pattern formation of the endosperm may therefore occur by the asymmetric localization of determinants within a common cytoplasm. | | | We have isolated 7 maternal effect mutants in maize, which affect seed development when inherited through the embryo sac but not the pollen grain (Figure 7). | | | Patterning could also be achieved by specific localization of maternal factors in the central cell before fertilization. |
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http://www-ciwdpb.stanford.edu/research/evans/research_evans_project2.php
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| | ARS Publication request: Maternal Line Effect in Productive Traits in Mexican Simmental-Simbrah Population |
| | Modest contributions of the cytoplasmic mitochondrial effect to birth and weaning weight variation were found in this study. | | | This 'cytoplasmic' genetic material is transmitted from parent to offspring solely through maternal inheritance in most organisms, including cattle, and is known to be influential on growth and energy usage in mammals. | | | Simultaneous estimation of cytoplasmic effects in cattle evaluations may result in more accurate estimates of genetic control of these traits. |
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http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=169297&pf=1
(564 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | There are two possible explanations for this maternal effect. | | | Fre-quent non-disjunction of the B centromere during pollen gametogenesis causes variations in the dosage of Zpr10/22 contributed by the male parent, leading to recovery of hypoploid, hyperploid or euploid endosperms on the same ear. | | | This indicates imprinting of the Mo17 allele function whereby it is effective as a dominant downregulator of 10kD zein level only when it is transmitted through the female gametophyte. |
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http://www.maizegdb.org/mnl/67/146chaudhuri.html
(1017 words)
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| | maternal effect : Definition |
| | The effect of the maternal parent's genotype on the phenotype of her offspring. | | | Search for maternal effect in these other databases too |
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http://www.biology-text.com/definition.php?word=maternal+effect
(33 words)
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| | maternal effect |
| | maternal effect An effect attributable to a genetic contribution of the female parent of the individual being evaluated. | | | In 1998 the Mullins lab embarked on a large-scale maternal-effect mutant screen, not previously performed in a vertebrate animal model. |
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http://www.biometnews.com/biotechnology/maternal_effect.html
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| | 34. Maternal effect on chalkiness in rice kernels |
| | To evaluate the effect of maternal parents on chalkiness of rice kernels in F\1\ and other hybrid generations, 12 crosses were made between Indica varieties differing in chalkiness, and two of them were studied with regard to F\2\ and B\1\ generations, as follows: |
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http://www.gramene.org/newsletters/rice_genetics/rgn5/v5VI34.html
(357 words)
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| | Molecular mechanism of maternal rescue in the clk-1 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. |
| | Surprisingly, homozygous clk-1 mutants display a wild-type phenotype when issued from a heterozygous mother. | | | This suggests that, like developmental arrest, the increased lifespan conferred by daf-2 allows for depletion of maternal CLK-1, resulting in the expression of the synergism between clk-1 and daf-2. | | | We also show that the very long lifespan observed in daf-2 clk-1 double mutants is not abolished by the maternal effect. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_14517217.html
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| | A dorso-ventral shift of embryonic primordia in a new maternal-effect mutant of Drosophila |
| | As the spatial organisation of the egg cell arises during oogenesis, such mutants are likely to affect the embryo via the maternal genome (maternal effect). | | | Mutations altering the spatial pattern of embryonic primordia are valuable tools for studying the earliest steps of embryonic pattern formation. | | | In Drosophila, most maternal-effect mutants studied so far lead to early developmental arrest. |
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http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/283474a0
(360 words)
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| | Maternal-effect loci involved in Drosophila oogenesis and embryogenesis: P element-induced mutations on the third ... |
| | For some of the genes identified in this screen, a maternal contribution to embryonic development has not been described previously (e.g. | | | The genes classified in our study with a dual function during oogenesis and embryogenesis not only substantially extends the existing collection of maternal-effect genes but will also aid further understanding of how patterning of the Drosophila embryo is controlled by the maternal genome. | | | ABSTRACT A collection of 1609 recessive P-lethal mutations on the third chromosome was tested in germline clones for effects on egg differentiation and embryonic development. |
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http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/abstract.0201/a149.html
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| | Developmental Biology Online: The Maternal Effect Genes |
| | Other enzymes did not cause this abnormality, nor did RNase effect this change when it entered other regions of the egg. | | | Thus, Sander’s laboratory postulated the existence of a gradient at either end of the egg, and it seemed likely that the egg sequestered an RNA that generated a gradient of anterior-forming material. | | | Double abdomens resulted when RNase was permitted to enter the anterior end. |
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http://www.devbio.com/article.php?ch=9&id=93
(485 words)
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http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/8760706?prt=true
(112 words)
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| | maternal effect lethal : Definition |
| | A recessive mutation that is viable in zygotes, but in which homozygous mutant mothers produce inviable offspring. | | | Search for maternal effect lethal in these other databases too |
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http://www.biology-text.com/definition.php?word=maternal+effect+lethal
(38 words)
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