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| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 3, Ch. 20, Esophageal Disorders |
 | | The incidence of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia is stated to be increased, but this point is controversial. | | | Esophageal spasms may also produce severe pain in the absence of dysphagia that is indistinguishable from angina pectoris. | | | Studies show lower esophageal sphincter pressure or relaxation impairment in 30% of patients. |
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http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section3/chapter20/20f.jsp
(909 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The cornerstone of therapy is relief of the functional lower esophageal sphincter obstruction. | | | Abnormal lower esophageal sphincter relaxation occurs in more than 70% of patients with achalasia. | | | Pneumatic dilatation is accomplished by placing a dilating device at the level of the lower esophageal sphincter and inflating it to stretch the esophageal muscle and the lower esophageal sphincter. |
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http://malattierare.pediatria.unipd.it/pubblicaMR/mr_dx_ing.asp?mr=3
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| | Esophageal Function Tests - Definition, Purpose, Description, Preparation, Aftercare, Risks, Normal results |
| | For example, there are many diseases that affect the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter; one such condition is called achalasia. | | | Manometry is used to study the way the muscles of the esophagus contract, and is most useful for investigating dysphagia. | | | Many times, however, endoscopy only shows the doctor if there is an injury to the esophageal lining; it does not always provide information about the cause of the problem. |
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http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/Ce-Fi/Esophageal-Function-Tests.html
(1677 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, cardia or fundus is stimulated to produce a transient relaxation of the sphincter. | | | the fundus causing a transient relaxation of the sphincter, delivering energy from the sphincter electropotential mapping device to treat the portion of one the sphincter, the lower esophageal sphincter, the stomach, the cardia or the fundus causing the transient relaxation of the sphincter. | | | The method of claim 32, wherein the electrical signal is a gastric-electrical activity, a neuro-electrical activity, a nerve pathway, an afferent pathway, an electrical pathway, a mechanoreceptor pathway or a chemoreceptor pathway. |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/24721.010412&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 105, Esophageal Disorders |
| | Mechanical disruption of the lower esophageal sphincter using pneumatic dilatation or surgical myotomy has been the principle method of treatment when drug treatment and botulinum toxin have not been effective. | | | A modified Heller's procedure (anterior myotomy of the circular muscle fibers of the lower esophageal sphincter, preserving the sphincter competency) is successful in 80 to 90% of patients. | | | In the early stages of the disease, chest x-ray findings can be normal. |
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http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmg/sec13/ch105/ch105c.jsp
(620 words)
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| | Physician Newsletter published by the Allegheny Center for Lung and Thoracic Disease |
| | Once the patient with recalcitrant GERD is identified, it is important to quantitate the severity of the patient's disease and the pathophysiologic vagaries of his or her condition prior to launching a course of surgical management. | | | Esophageal manometric testing is therefore a vital component to any preoperative anti-reflux surgical evaluation. | | | It is important to recognize that the primary goal of surgery for GERD is aimed at restoring near normal competency of the lower esophageal sphincter mechanism (Table 4). |
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http://www.lunglinks.com/phnews/2/Sub4.html
(442 words)
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| | SSAT - 2003 Abstract: Surgical Management of Hypertensive Lower Esophageal Sphincter with Dysphagia or Chest Pain. |
| | Background: Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (HLES) is an uncommon manometric abnormality found in patients with dysphagia, chest pain, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), and/or hiatal hernia. | | | Surgical Management of Hypertensive Lower Esophageal Sphincter with Dysphagia or Chest Pain. | | | SSAT - 2003 Abstract: Surgical Management of Hypertensive Lower Esophageal Sphincter with Dysphagia or Chest Pain. |
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http://www.ssat.com/cgi-bin/abstracts/03ddw/plenary30.cgi?affiliation=
(414 words)
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| | UCLA Department of Medicine - wfsection-Dysphagia in a 23-Year-Old Female |
| | An elevated resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure is detected in nearly all patients with achalasia; however, the sine qua non of achalasia is the demonstration of an incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. | | | The goal of surgical therapy is to reduce the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure without compromising its competency against gastroesophageal reflux. | | | Patients are often able to pass the retained bolus by repeated swallowing or by the use of positional changes. |
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http://www.med.ucla.edu/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=106
(1494 words)
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| | Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| | Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations are no more frequent in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease than in asymptomatic volunteers. | | | One theory about the etiology of hiatal hernias is that chronic esophagitis from tLESRs and a hypotensive LES lead to esoph-ageal contraction of the longitudinal muscle and shortening of the esophagus. | | | The mechanism of gastro-esophageal reflux is not fully understood; however, there are 3 prominent theories: transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (tLESRs), hiatal hernia, and hypotensive or incompetent LES. |
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http://www.residentandstaff.com/article.cfm?ID=63
(1910 words)
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| | healthyNJ--Information for Healthy Living--Esophageal Disorders |
| | Dysphagia and chest or back pain may occur in any esophageal disorder, the most serious of which is esophageal cancer. | | | If dilation or botulinum toxin therapy does not work, surgery to cut the muscular fibers in the lower esophageal sphincter (myotomy) is usually performed. | | | This pain, often described as a squeezing pain under the breastbone, may accompany exercise or exertion, making it difficult for a doctor to distinguish it from angina (chest pain stemming from heart disease). |
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http://www.healthynj.org/dis-con/esophagealdis/main.htm
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| | Gastroesophageal Reflux - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston |
| | The lower esophageal sphincter occasionally relaxes at inopportune times, and usually, all your child will experience is a bad taste in the mouth, or a mild, momentary feeling of heartburn. | | | Some foods seem to affect the muscle tone of the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing it to stay open longer than normal. | | | Infants are more likely to have the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relax when it should remain shut. |
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http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site940/mainpageS940P0.html
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| | Achalasia |
| | This surgery is very effective in curing achalasia, with over 90% of patients obtaining relief from symptoms post-operatively. | | | Achalasia is often associated with chest pain during eating, weight loss, and regurgitation of food. | | | This releases the sphincter and allows it to relax. |
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http://www.shands.org/health/surgeries/100143.html
(751 words)
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| | SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GERD |
| | Esophageal manometry for the assessment of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter; | | | the relaxation of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) in conduction with the arrival of ingesta at the Gastro-Esophageal junction; | | | Ambulatory Esophageal pH Monitoring: Practical Approach and Clinical Applications. |
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http://www.lapsurgery.com/surgical.htm
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| | References: Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) - barrettsinfo.com |
| | Characteristics and frequency of transient relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with reflux esophagitis. | | | Ireland A, Dent J, Holloway R. Preservation of postural control of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in patients with reflux oesophagitis. | | | Kahrilas PJ, Dodds WJ, Hogan WJ, Kern M, Arndorfer RC, Reece A. Esophageal peristaltic dysfunction in peptic esophagitis. |
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http://www.barrettsinfo.com/content/refs_info_2b1_les.htm
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| | Swallowing Problems |
| | The increased pressure reinforces the lower esophageal sphincter, preventing reflux. | | | Hiatal hernia occurs when a small part of the stomach pushes up through the hiatus, the opening in the diaphragm, which is a sheet-like muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest. | | | For the minimally invasive procedure the physician will make several small incisions and use long, thin flexible surgical instruments to partially cut the muscle tissue of the lower esophageal sphincter to weaken it and allow it to open more easily. |
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http://www.gbmc.org/thoracic/swallowing.cfm
(828 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Loss of compliance in the cardia 20 can also pull the lower esophageal sphincter 18 open when the stomach 12 is distended, even absent sphincter muscle relaxation. | | | More specifically, the invention is directed to systems and methods for treating dysfunction in body sphincters and adjoining tissue, e. | | | In one embodiment, the systems and methods can be used to treat tissue regions along the gastro- intestinal track, e. |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/68015.010920&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
(8255 words)
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| | Update in Pathogenesis, Treatment of GERD |
| | As director of photodynamic therapy, he has treated more than 80 patients with early esophageal cancer or Barrett’s high-grade dysplasia since 1997. | | | Tonic vagal or parasympathetic nerves exert an excitatory affect in the smooth muscle by the postganglionic cholinergic neurons. | | | The incidence of Barrett’s esophagus is rapidly increasing and is the major risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. |
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http://www.endonurse.com/articles/381feat1.html
(2113 words)
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| | The Longitudinal Muscle in Esophageal Disease - Where Is The Sphincter |
| | As the PEL in inserted at the sphincter, the sphincter will be above the diaphragm in a patient with normal LM tone. | | | When it is forced from below by that pressure, its proximal margin is displayed in sharp contrast to the relaxed CM of the esophageal body. | | | Even the pattern of "receptive relaxation" during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing was recorded in many. |
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http://www.mailbag.com/users/oesophagus/webdoc25.htm
(1903 words)
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| | CHEST: The effects of an inhaled [[beta].sub.2]-adrenergic agonist on lower esophageal function : a dose-response study |
| | Conclusions: Inhaled albuterol reduced LES basal tone and contractile amplitudes in the smooth muscle esophageal body in a dose-dependent manner. | | | Key words: albuterol; asthma; [[beta].sub.2]-agonists; esophagus; gastroesophageal reflux; lower esophageal sphincter; transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations; | | | Abbreviations: bpm = beats per minute; GER = gastroesophageal reflux; LES = lower esophageal sphincter; LESP = lower esophageal sphincter pressure; TLESR = transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation; PEF = peak expiratory flow |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0984/is_4_120/ai_80157453
(453 words)
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| | eMedicine - Achalasia : Article by Marco Patti, MD |
| | Medicine is a constantly changing science and not all therapies are clearly established. | | | Pertinent findings include absence of propulsive peristalsis in the body of the esophagus (note simultaneous contractions), elevated resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, and the absence of LES relaxation. | | | Patti MG, Fisichella PM, Perretta S, et al: Impact of minimally invasive surgery on the treatment of esophageal achalasia: a decade of change. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic16.htm
(1832 words)
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| | MGC-Achalasia |
| | Treatments for achalasia include oral medications, dilation or stretching of the lower esophageal sphincter, and surgery to cut the sphincter. | | | As a result, the sphincter does not relax but remains contracted or narrowed. | | | Oral medications that help to relax the lower esophageal sphincter include groups of drugs called nitrates and calcium-channel blockers. |
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http://www.midwestgastro.com/patient_education/Achalasia.html
(997 words)
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| | Responses - MG and Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
| | Is there any known connection between myasthenia and the muscle tone of the lower esophageal sphincter? | | | Recently she has been experiencing abdominal pain — mostly bloated discomfort, but with some sharper (heart burn type) pain. | | | This structure is a different type of muscle. |
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http://www.mdausa.org/experts/question.cfm?id=1540
(254 words)
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| | MUSC DDC - Diagnostic Tests |
| | Esophageal spasms can cause severe chest pain that mimics heart disease. | | | Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax is a sign of a particular disease – achalasia. | | | Esophageal manometry is also useful in documenting abnormalities in the lower esophageal sphincter and contraction abnormalities in the body of the esophagus in patients with refractory Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). |
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http://www.ddc.musc.edu/ddc_pub/patientInfo/tests-treatments/diagnostic/functionStudies/esophagael.htm
(454 words)
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| | Gastroesophageal reflux |
| | This can lead to pain (heartburn) and damage to the lower esophagus. | | | The primary surgical treatment of esophageal reflux is called esophageal fundoplication. |
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http://adam.about.com/reports/000607.htm
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| | What is the relationship of lower esophageal mucosal rings to lower esophageal sphincter pressure, abnormal ... |
| | Measurement of LES pressure and its response to swallowing assesses the function of the lower esophageal sphincter and antireflux barrier. | | | The resting LES pressure in a patient with abnormal GER is often lower than that of a normal person. | | | Some patients with intermittent episodes of reflux and transient sphincter dysfunction may maintain a normal resting LES pressure. |
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http://www.hon.ch/OESO/free/Vol_5_Eso_Junction/Articles/art413.html
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| | Medical Breakthroughs - Management and Treatment of Acid Reflux Disease |
| | If these behavior modifications and drug therapies do not work, the doctor may recommend further testing and ultimately, surgery. | | | Surgery may be warranted in patients whose medical therapy has failed, who have experienced complications or side effects with the drug treatment(s), who have had relapses of GERD, or who have been diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus, esophageal stricture, esophageal ulcers, esophagel bleeding or a hiatal hernia. | | | Additional, atypical symptoms may include regurgitation of acidic materials, chest pain, asthma, chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, chronic sore throat, morning hoarseness, swallowing difficulty, bloating, belching, nausea and weight loss. |
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http://scc.healthcentral.com/bcp/main.asp?page=ency&id=61&ap=1&brand=34
(917 words)
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| | Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) - barrettsinfo.com |
| | Normally, transient LES relaxations do not occur while lying down. | | | It does so by the aid of two muscles or valves called the upper and lower esophageal sphincters. | | | The LES normally opens or relaxes (lowers its pressure) as food is moved down the esophagus by esophageal contractions. |
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http://www.barrettsinfo.com/content/info_2b1_les.htm
(695 words)
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| | Regulatory Peptides in the Lower Esophageal Sphincter of Man |
| | Smooth muscle specimens were taken from the lower esophageal sphincter of patients suffering from achalasia or hiatus hernia with gastro-esophageal reflux. | | | The concentration of vasoactive intestinal polyptpeptide (VIP) was higher and the VIP nerve supply greater in patients with hiatus hernia than in control patients. | | | Control specimens were obtained from patients subjected to esophageal resection because of esophageal cancer. |
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http://www.gerd.com/articles/abstracts/164.htm
(267 words)
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| | What Causes GERD? |
| | In addition, there have been medical reports of asthma patients being cured after surgery for hiatal hernia. | | | The muscle is called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). | | | GERD occurs when a muscle at the lower end of the esophagus does not work properly. |
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http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/heartburn/HB_causes.html
(621 words)
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| | JPMA ::: |
| | Percentage of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter was low in diabetics. | | | Diabetic patients admitted at Ziauddin Medical University Hospital, Karachi were taken as study subjects, whereas age and sex matched healthy volunteers not suffering from any disease neither taking any medication for dyspepsia were taken as controls Esophageal manometry was done to see the motility disorders in diabetic patients and controls. | | | To see the presence of esophageal motor disorders in diabetic patients and compare it with controls at the Department of Medicine Ziauddin Medical University Hospital, Karachi. |
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http://jpma.org.pk/JPMA/12dec04/abstract2.htm
(212 words)
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| | Cardia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The word comes from the Greek kardia meaning heart, the cardiac orifice of the stomach. | | | The cardia is also called the Lower esophageal sphincter (LES), cardiac sphincter and gastroesophageal sphincter. | | | This one-way valve is called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and prevents gastric juice from flowing back into the esophagus. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardia
(281 words)
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| | Ear, Nose & Throat Journal: Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter |
| | The patient was treated with a proton-pump inhibitor and lifestyle modifications for gastroesophageal reflux. | | | Esophageal manometry revealed that the patient had an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES), based on a resting pressure of only 3 mm Hg (figure 2); normal LES resting pressure ranges between 15 and 35 iron Hg (figure 3). | | | A 51-year-old man presented to the Scripps Center for Voice and Swallowing with chief complaints of chronic cough, pyrosis, and odynophagia. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BUM/is_5_83/ai_n6052239
(207 words)
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| | NEJM -- Gastric acid secretion and lower-esophageal-sphincter pressure in response to coffee and caffeine |
| | Caffeine stimulates gastric acid secretion and reduces the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter in man. These effects of caffeine have been used as evidence that regular coffee should not be used by patients with peptic-ulcer disease or gastroesophageal reflux. | | | Sphincter pressure showed minimal changes in response to caffeine, but was significantly increased by both regular and decaffeinated coffee (P less than 0.05). | | | These data suggest that clinical recommendations based upon the known gastrointestinal effects of caffeine may bear little relation to the actual observed actions of coffee or decaffeinated coffee. |
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http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/293/18/897
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| | The Lower Esophageal Sphincter in Health and Disease |
| | The Lower Esophageal Sphincter in Health and Disease | | | Sixty percent of the patients with documented increased esophageal exposure to acid gastric juice had a mechanically incompetent sphincter. | | | The purpose of this study was to measure manometrically the normal percentile values for these components, and to identify the point differentiating a mechanically competent from an incompetent sphincter. |
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http://www.gerd.com/articles/abstracts/71.htm
(206 words)
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| | Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
| | There is a specialized muscle here which acts like a valve and which is called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). | | | It remains closed most of the time, only opening to allow swallowed food and liquid to be swept through into the stomach. |
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http://www.gicare.com/pated/eiegnmle.htm
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Esophageal manometry |
| | The transducer records the high pressure zone of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the sphincter muscle that acts as a valve to prevent reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus. | | | Esophageal manometry is a test to measure the motor action of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and esophageal body. | | | The purpose of esophageal manometry is to measure LES pressure and evaluate esophageal contractions. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003884.htm
(552 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | d) applying sensing electrodes in the esophagus for detecting esophageal peristalsis so as to inhibit the electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter in order to pass food to the stomach. | | | A method of electrically stimulating the lower esophageal sphincter comprising the steps of: | | | Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter |
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http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/patog/week22/OG/html/1294-5/US06901295-20050531.html
(166 words)
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| | Gerd - SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GERD |
| | Interactive online support group for people suffering from GERD (Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease). | | | My childhood was very much influenced by the Second World War, |
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http://gerd.easylookfor.com
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