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| | British Journal of Pharmacology - Sodium reabsorption in thick ascending limb of Henle's loop: effect of potassium ... |
 | | In the present study, Na reabsorption in the loop of Henle was not altered by luminal application of charybdotoxin, supporting the notion that the large conductance K | | | A qualitatively and quantitatively similar effect on Na reabsorption in TAL was observed in response to quinine. | | | The different rat strains used in the two studies cannot account for the different results because we could confirm the negative response of U37883A on the loop of Henle reabsorption in SD rats (Huang et al., 1999). |
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http://www.nature.com/bjp/journal/v130/n6/full/0703429a.html
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| | [Frontiers in Bioscience 5, d694-711, August 1, 2000] |
| | Micropuncture experiments, in every species studied to date, indicates that a large part (approximately 60%) of the filtered magnesium is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle. | | | Micropuncture experiments have clearly showed that the superficial distal tubule reabsorbs significant amounts of magnesium. | | | Research in the 90's have greatly contributed to our understanding of renal magnesium handling. |
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http://www.bioscience.org/2000/v5/d/quamme/list.htm
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| | Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle (www.whonamedit.com) |
| | Johannes Müller began to edit the Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin in 1834, and it became a clearinghouse for studies oriented toward the natural sciences. | | | It did not become obsolete as a textbook until the fundamental approach to anatomy gained dominance. | | | Henle’s health often hindered his activity, since sliver was frequently discharged at the site of the periostitis; he also suffered from neuralgia. |
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http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/710.html
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| | UpToDate Diuretics and magnesium balance |
| | — Filtered magnesium is reabsorbed throughout the nephron, particularly in the proximal tubule (25 to 35 percent) and the loop of Henle (50 to 60 percent) [1]. | | | Both loop and thiazide-type diuretics can enhance urinary magnesium losses, although by different mechanisms [2,3]. | | | Although this process is electrically neutral, some of the reabsorbed potassium leaks back into the lumen to drive further sodium chloride transport. |
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http://patients.uptodate.com/topic.asp?file=fldlytes/25491
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| | Dorlands Medical Dictionary |
| | (loo-pog´rə-fe) a radiological procedure for assessing the integrity of a loop of intestine used as an ileal conduit; the outlet of the conduit is obstructed with a balloon catheter and contrast medium is injected to flow in a retrograde direction so that the efficiency of its flow up the conduit can be monitored. | | | in positive feedback, the loop through which increased output subsequently increases input and so increases output. | | | the primitive loop in the embryonic uriniferous tubule which develops into a Henle loop and a portion of the proximal convoluted tubule. |
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http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_l_14zPzhtm
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| | renalphys.htm |
| | Both humans and kangaroo rats have a loop of Henle to concentrate their urine, but the loop of henle in the kangaroo rat is significantly longer than in humans. | | | Within the nephron it is the loop of Henle which allows birds and mammals to concentrate their urine. | | | In kangaroo rats, the loop of Henle descends further into the medulla and produces a higher concentration gradient in the surrounding tissues. |
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http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/anphys/1999/Chisholm/renalphys.htm
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| | UpToDate Chapter 4A: Cell model for loop of Henle transport |
| | Reference to these materials is no substitute for medical advice based on individual patient assessment, and may not be applicable in all circumstances. | | | Mutations in this transporter cause classic Bartter's syndrome [12]; this disorder has clinical features (hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria) similar to those seen in patients given a loop diuretic, which inhibits the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter of the thick ascending limb. | | | These segments perform two major functions: (1) they reabsorb approximately 25 to 35 percent of the filtered NaCl, primarily in the thick ascending limb; and (2) they reabsorb NaCl in excess of water, an effect that is essential for the excretion of urine with an osmolality different from that of the plasma. |
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http://patients.uptodate.com/topic.asp?file=ren_phys/6189
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| | C:\COOPER\Anat118\urinary98.htm |
| | A true explication of renal countercurrent exchange is beyond our goals for this chapter, but the basics are outlined below. | | | The glomeruli are examples of portal circulatory systems, meaning that the arterial blood passes from an arteriole through a system of capillaries which then merge to form another arteriole, not a venule, which eventually branches to form capillaries again. | | | One of the key physiological principles used in the kidney that allows us to excrete a hypertonic urine, conserving water, is countercurrent exchange, and it is this principle which dictates many of the complex aspects of kidney organization. |
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http://www.sacs.ucsf.edu/home/cooper/Anat118/urinary/urinary98.htm
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| | Loop diuretic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Loop diuretics may also precipitate renal failure in patients concomitantly taking an NSAID and an ACE inhibitor -- the so-called "triple whammy" effect (Thomas, 2000). | | | The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are dose-related and relate to the effect of loop diuretics on diuresis and electrolyte balance. | | | They are primarily used in medicine to treat hypertension and edema often due to congestive heart failure or renal insufficiency. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_diuretic
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| | Loop of Henle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This means that while almost all the ions are reabsorbed, there will still be some water in the urine, and hence, the concentration of the filtrate in the loop is decreased here. | | | The electrical gradient drives more reabsorption of Na, as well as other cations such as magnesium (Mg Loop diuretics block the K | | | Urea which remains in the loop creates a solute potential that prevents water completely osmosing out into the interstitial space. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_of_Henle
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| | Nephron Coloring Sheet |
| | The loop of henle should be colored pink, and then when it changes into the distal tubule, color the distal tubule light green. | | | The nephron's primary function is to filter blood, but as you can see from the diagram, this is not a simple process. | | | The nephron has three major parts: the glomerulus, the Bowman's Capsule, and the tubule (which is further divided into the promimal and distal tubule and the Loop of Henle). |
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http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/nephron.html
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| | VI. Mechanisms of Salt & Water Reabsorption |
| | This transport system, like other gradient-limited systems is affected by changes in tubular fluid flow rate. | | | The system is inhibited by the "loop" diuretic drugs, furosemide, bumetanide and ethacrynic acid. | | | This structure plays a major role in the countercurrent mechanism (see Section VII). |
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http://www2.kumc.edu/ki/physiology/course/six/6_2.htm
(655 words)
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| | loop of Henle -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The principle of this process is analogous to the physical principle applied in the conduction of hot exhaust gases... | | | The mammalian kidney is constructed of a large number of functional units called nephrons. | | | The high concentration of salt in the medullary fluid is believed to be achieved in the loop by a process known as countercurrent exchange multiplication. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9048916
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| | Renal physiology overview |
| | This reduces the osmotic concentration of the filtrate without changing its volume. | | | When its leaves near the top of the loop of Henle (at the level of the cortex) it has recovered much of the material which was filtered from the blood in the first place (in the renal corpuscle). | | | This blood passes by the loop of Henle in a direction opposite to the direction of filtrate flow. |
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http://www.mscd.edu/~biology/2320course/Urinoh.htm
(560 words)
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| | Kidneys |
| | As the filtrate moves through the renal tubule, the osmolarity of the filtrate changes. | | | Cortical nephrons, which are about eighty percent of the nephrons in humans, have a loop of Henle that does not extend past the | | | Juxtamedullary nephrons, on the other hand, have a loop of Henle that extends past the cortex and into the |
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http://www.pitt.edu/~anat/Abdomen/Kidneys/Kidneys.htm
(2955 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Answer: Animals that live diferent environment have different lengths of of the loop of henle which in turns affects the concentration of their urine. | | | Their loops of henle are very short, which then make their urine very dilute. | | | The Kangaroo rats will then have very concentrated urine. |
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http://www.nmc.edu/~ftank/temp/40.html
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| | loop of Henle - General Practice Notebook |
| | The loop of Henle employs a sodium counter-current mechanism to provide hypertonic conditions - approximately 1200 mmol/l, mainly sodium chloride and urea - in the deep medulla of the kidney. | | | Oxbridge Solutions Ltd® is an independent company owned by the authors which does not receive income from any other organisation or individual. | | | This permits the production of concentrated urine if required. |
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http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/1443233832.htm
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| | highli08 |
| | The ascending/descending limbs of the loop of Henle are close to each other, allowing for a countercurrent mechanism, with a positive feedback mechanism. | | | Otherwise, most of the other water reabsorption occurs across the wall of the collecting duct in the renal medulla, as a result of the osmotic draw of the surrounding tissue fluid, which is set up by transport processes in the loop of Henle. | | | This takes care of about 2/3 of the salt and water in the glomerular ultrafiltrate. |
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http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/crone/3028/highli08.html
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| | ANS 331: Renal System |
| | Continual flow of new NaCl into the loop of Henle allows it to become a countercurrent multiplier. | | | Without a special medullary vascular system the flow of blood through the interstitium would rapidly remove the excess solutes in the medulla and keep the concentration from rising too high. | | | The vasa recta have two characteristics which maintain this high solute concentration: --Blood flow through the vasa recta is very sluggish. |
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http://www.siu.edu/departments/coagr/animal/tw3a/public_html/331renal.htm
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| | Chapter 26THE URINARY SYSTEM |
| | There are two types of nephrons that have differing structure and function. | | | Nephrons perform three basic functions: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. | | | A juxtamedullary nephron usually has its glomerulus deep in the cortex close to the medulla; its long loop of Henle stretches through the medulla and almost reaches the renal papilla. |
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http://www.bakeru.edu/faculty/chenry/bi246L22a.htm
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| | MSN Encarta - Dictionary - loop (1) definition |
| | in or out of the loop being or not being among the people who are decision-makers or are fully informed (informal) | | | transitive and intransitive verb make loop: to form the shape of a loop, or make something form the shape of a loop | | | verb (past and past participle looped, present participle loop·ing, 3rd person present singular loops) |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861699567
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| | II |
| | The capillaries of the vasa recta function as countercurrent exchangers, because the direction of blood flow around the loop of Henle is opposite to the direction of filtrate flow around the loop. | | | A countercurrent system is one in which the inflow into a U-shaped tube (such as the loop of Henle) runs parallel, close to and in an opposite direction to the outflow from the tube. | | | Osmotic concentration of the filtrate increases as it rounds the hairpin turn of the loop of Henle. |
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http://www.mscd.edu/~biology/2320course/uriophys.htm
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| | Kidney Tubule |
| | Although the process is complex, you can understand its essence by breaking it down into two simplified steps. | | | The key adaptation that we have for life on land is the possession of a loop of Henle in many of our tubules. | | | This in turn will lead to the concentration of the urine, as we shall see. |
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http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/web_resources/cartoons/nephrex2.html
(567 words)
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| | Lab Exercises- Nephron |
| | You should be able to distinguish the VASA RECTA by their content of blood cells. | | | The proximal tubule then changes to squamous epithelium which passes down to the medulla and then loops back up to the cortex. | | | Also, you can see COLLECTING TUBULES by their cuboidal epithelium. |
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http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/kidney/nephron_lab.htm
(536 words)
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| | Untitled |
| | If they do, the active transport systems were probably overloaded which suggests that there was to much glucose in the blood to start with, which suggests diabetes. | | | Water readily reenter the proximal convoluted tubule because of the osmotic gradient caused by the proteins in the remaining blood (and reabsorbed solutes) and because there is little hydrostatic pressure to oppose the movement. | | | The proximal convoluted tubule is the primary structure that does this, but the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct get heavily involved too, depending upon what is being reabsorbed. |
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http://www.mrs.umn.edu/~goochv/HAP/lectures/kidney/kidney.html
(1329 words)
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| | Countercurrent System and the Loop of Henle |
| | In the absence of ADH, the hyposmotic fluid that enters the DT from the loop of Henle, continues to be diluted by transport of NaCl via NaCl (thiazide sensitive) cotransporters into DT cells and via Na channels (amiloride sensitive) along the CD. | | | Cells survive in the hyperosmotic medullary environment through slow accumulation of osmolytes (75 mM sorbitol and 25 mM glycerophosphocholine (GPC) by synthesis, and 25 mM betaine and 10 mM inositol by Na driven cotransport), which can be rapidly released from the cells through channels that open when the osmolarity decreases. | | | In the deep nephrons, water reabsorption increases the tubule fluid osmolarity (up to 1200 mOsm/L) and the Na concentration (up to 300 mEq/L) by the bend of the loop. |
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http://www.acbrown.com/renal/OutLoop.htm
(578 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The loop of Henle is a system for pumping sodium into the medullary intersitium, such that the dilute fluid passes from the loop of Henle to the distal tubule. | | | The luminal content on reaching the base of the loop of Henle, that is, deepest portion of the medulla, is hypertonic. | | | The vasa recta and loop of Henle are anatomic modifications to provide an environment of high osmotic pressure about the loop of Henle and collecting ducts. |
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http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/smded/Path505/Outlines/Lect7.html
(270 words)
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| | BASIC RENAL PHYSIOLOGY: Loop of Henle Transport |
| | Because this process occurs as the fluid is flowing along the loop of Henle and exchange takes place between the interstitium and fluid streams moving in opposite directions (descending and ascending) and because osmolality increases progressively with depth in the medulla, the mechanism is termed countercurrent multiplication. | | | About two-thirds of the Na and Cl entering the loop of Henle are reabsorbed | | | The interstitial osmolality is further increased by the accumulation of urea reabsorbed from the distal tubule and collecting duct and trapped in the medulla). |
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http://www.acbrown.com/kidney/Basic/RnBsLoop.htm
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| | T2 |
| | Urine is much more concentrated when it leaves the loop of Henle than when it entered it. | | | At which point in the EKG does the mitral valve close ? | | | If ouabain is applied, which cell would loose its ability to transport |
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http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~lfarmer/BIL265/BIL2001/T2c.htm
(800 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | -In ascending part of Loop of Henle there are symporters that move one Na+, one K+, and two Cl- simultaneously - dependent on Na+ pumps. | | | Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - epithelium of PCT has microvilli - useful for absorbing substances and some secretions | | | If GFR is low, PCT and Loop of Henle absorb too much Na+ and Cl- and H2O. |
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http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/bisc207/urine.html
(1405 words)
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| | Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations |
| | Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link. | | | Effect of synthetic ANP on renal and loop of Henle functions in the young rat | | | Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6281159 - Effect of synthetic ANP on renal and loop of Henle functions in the young rat |
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http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6281159
(117 words)
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| | Activity 39.2 The Loop of Henle: A Countercurrent Multiplier |
| | The ability to form a concentrated urine, thereby conserving water, is an important adaptation to terrestrial life. | | | In this activity, you’ll learn how the loop of Henle maintains the osmotic gradient within the medulla by acting as a countercurrent multiplier. | | | Home > Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals > Activities > Activity 39.2 The Loop of Henle: A Countercurrent Multiplier |
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http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_freeman_biosci_1/0,6452,500667-,00.html
(117 words)
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| | The Excretory System |
| | As the filtrate continues up the thick portion of the loop of Henle, Na+ and Cl- are actively pumped out of the filtrate into the surrounding medium. | | | The water and solutes that flowed into the medulla can be reabsorbed by the vasa recta - a network of capillaries that surround the loop of Henle and reabsorb water and solutes filtered from the blood. | | | When the filtrate reaches the hairpin turn, it is isotonic with the surroundig medium (about 1200 mosm/L) The lower portion of the ascending branch of the loop of Henle, however, is highly permeable to Na+ and Cl-, moderately permeable to urea, and almost completely impermeable to water. |
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http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect21.htm
(1300 words)
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| | Objectives |
| | Primary active transport also occurs to some extent in the other tubules except in the descending loop of Henle. | | | Past the PCT is the loop of Henle which consists of both ascending and descending limbs. | | | In the Loop of Henle there is continued reabsorption of water, sodium, chloride. |
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http://classes.kumc.edu/cahe/respcared/cybercas/dialysis/portkid.html
(434 words)
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| | sample questions |
| | In the _______ limb of the loop of Henle, _____________ moves from ____________ through the process of _____________. | | | What is the general way the kidneys reabsorb water and Na from filtrate? | | | Most of the control of the volume of water reabsorbed occurs as filtrate passes through: |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/sample/s05sample16.html
(1057 words)
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| | Untitled |
| | Compare and contrast the obligatory reabsorption of water with the facultative reabsorption of water. | | | Discuss the funtional relationships of the thin and thick segments of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. | | | Discuss why the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is often considered to be "water impermeable." |
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http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/kisield/urinphys.htm
(245 words)
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| | MSN Encarta - Search Results - loop of Henle |
| | Kidney, paired organ whose functions include removing waste products from the blood and regulating the amount of fluid in the body. | | | Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian. | | | MSN Encarta - Search Results - loop of Henle |
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http://encarta.msn.com/loop_of_Henle.html
(119 words)
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| | PGCC A&P2 ONLINE - URINARY SYSTEM |
| | This osmotic gradient is created by the loops of Henle in the juxtamedullary nephrons. | | | In the image below, note the increase in osmolarity as you travel from the renal cortex to the renal medulla. | | | Before we move on to the loop of Henle let's briefly review the concept of |
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http://academic.pgcc.edu/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Renal/renal3.html
(1194 words)
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| | Human Physiology Study Guide #5 |
| | Describe the interactions between the two limbs of the loop of Henle and how this influences reabsorption of water and salts. | | | Explain the relation of the vasa recta to the loop of Henle. | | | Describe countercurrent exchange of water and salts between the vasa recta and the loop of Henle. |
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http://www.uri.edu/artsci/bio/wetherbee/bio242/sg5.htm
(385 words)
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| | loop of Henle - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | loop of_henle : The On-line Medical Dictionary [home, info] | | | We found 6 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word loop of Henle: | | | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "loop of Henle" is defined. |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=loop+of+Henle
(119 words)
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| | The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle |
| | Counter current flow of arteries and veins supplying the loop of Henle prevent the movement of salt into the blood and maintain the high osmolarity of the extracellular fluid | | | The longer the loop of Henle the greater the concentration of fluid in the pericellular space | | | Cells of the thick ascending portion of the loop of Henle reabsorb Cl in a secondarily active transport powered by Na/K ATPase at the serosal cell surface. |
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http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~lfarmer/BIL265/physkidney/sld012.htm
(135 words)
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| | urinary |
| | is closely tied to the anatomy of the Loop of Henle. | | | Having the ascending and descending tubules and the collecting duct adjacent to one another and having the Loop surrounded by the vasa recta helps create the concentration gradients and osmotic forces which drive the process. | | | The length of the loop of Henle is directly related (proportional) to the amount of _______________. |
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http://www.utm.edu/staff/amills/urinary.htm
(1274 words)
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| | CHAPTER 45, BODY FLUID REGULATION AND EXCRETION |
| | The structure that surrounds the glomerulus and serves as the First part of the nephron to receive filtrate in the nephron is | | | Which of the following characterizes glomerular filtrate, the fluid that passes from the blood in the | | | Where would the blood be most viscous (least fluid) as it passes through the kidney? |
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http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/apbio45quiz.html
(2347 words)
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