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| | Memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Memory is much studied by cognitive psychology and neuroscience. | | | Visual memory is part of memory preserving some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. | | | Brain areas such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in certain kinds of memory. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory
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| | Memory |
| | Implicit memories are memories that guide or affect your behavior without your conscious (or verbal) involvement (also known as nondeclarative memories). | | | Memory seems to involve changes in both the function and the structure of neurons. | | | The idea that repressed memories affect behavior is widely accepted by clinicians and the general public. |
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http://environmentalet.hypermart.net/psy111/memory.htm
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| | memory handout |
| | This state can be manipulated with drugs or by psychological state. | | | State-dependent Memory: links between an item of information to be learned and the current physiological state of your body (i.e. | | | Examples: People will more easily remember what they did last time they were drinking when they again have alcohol in their systems. |
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http://hubel.sfasu.edu/otherendev/tc/memsum.html
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| | Harvard Gazette: Long-term memory kicks in after age one |
| | Various researchers had tested the memories of children a month or so after exposing them to a memorable experience, but no one had checked their recall after longer delays. | | | As a child manipulates things and sees the result, those experiences fill the slate with scribbles that become long-term memories. | | | "We interpret this to mean that, at 9 months, the human brain is too immature to firmly register experiences, while at 17-21 months it has developed enough to record and retrieve memories of single distinctive experiences," Kagan says. |
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http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2002/11.07/01-memory.html
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| | Columbia University Record |
| | What happens in the brain when a memory is formed or when learning takes place has been a major question for both neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists. | | | The work provided the first evidence that learning and memory involve changes in the strength of synapses, connections between nerves and that learning could be traced as a specific series of biological signals. | | | His research team was able to teach the animal to retract its gills in response to a stimulus, then analyzed which nerve cells were involved in the action and discovered that the snail's learning could change that circuit. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/cu/newrec/2412/tmpl/story.1.html
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| | Memory Loss & the Brain |
| | One intriguing explanation centers on the concept of "offline memory reprocessing." According to this theory, when we sleep the brain accomplishes an important task called memory consolidation. | | | Memory is closely related to learning, so replay has implications for the lessons we take away from our experiences. | | | Wilson speculates that re-living the maze may help the rats sort out the important parts of their recent experiences that should be transferred to long-term memory. |
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http://www.memorylossonline.com/remains.htm
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| | Researchers identifiy brain circuit that appears crucial in converting short-term memories into long-term memories |
| | Or, short-term and long-term memories are on parallel pathways, and the lesion had selectively affected the long-term memory pathway." | | | The studies open the way for eavesdropping on one of the central processes in learning and memory, says HHMI investigator Erin M. Schuman. | | | Future studies could give insight into whether sleep plays a role in memory consolidation, a theory that has been proposed by many researchers, said Schuman. |
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http://www.news-medical.net/print_article.asp?id=5363
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| | William H. Calvin and George A. Ojemann, INSIDE THE BRAIN (NAL, 1980), ch. 6 |
| | And many studies in animals and man have indicated that a structure on the inner side of the temporal lobe, the hippocampus, is centrally involved in the short-term memory process. | | | The earliest studies on the psychology of memory were on people learning a foreign language. | | | In contrast to these various brain areas which have been identified with the short-term memory process, it has been quite difficult to associate any particular brain structure with long-term memories. |
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http://williamcalvin.com/Bk1/bk1ch6.htm
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| | Long Term Memory |
| | Important point: Retrieval of information from long term memory is usually easiest if we focus on the meaning of the information both while learning it and while retrieving it. | | | If we can't remember something that is in our long term memory, it generally represents a retrieval problem. | | | Usually, however, it is impossible to retrieve that information. |
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http://www.gpc.edu/~bbrown/psyc1501/memory/ltm.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The >best current ideas for how such storage works is that it involves changes >in the connectivity of our neurons, including (possibly) changes in >the individual synapses which mediate that connectivity. | | | What it can do, of course, is >allow much slower processes needed for real long term storage to take >place --- after which it vanishes. | | | For one thing, most research >on LTP looks at our hippocampus, which is actually a very small part of >our brain, unlikely to hold all our memories. |
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http://keithlynch.net/cryonet/84/05.html
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| | Memories are Made of This |
| | Recent experiments and studies have begun to explain the mechanisms of amnesia and of memory itself. | | | Our experiences, and our memories of them define us as people. | | | This research even raises the possibility of developing drugs or treatments for conditions like amnesia. |
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http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro00/web2/Webster.html
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| | memory |
| | Paradoxical sleep, on the other hand, seems to be a time when the information storage mechanisms in the brain are still active and most types of learning can take place. | | | One interesting experiment that makes this point was performed by a cognitive psychologist named DeGroot. | | | General arousal also has an effect here - if you don't pay attention or care about what you are learning, you won't learn as well or be able to recall something as easily as if you paid attention/really wanted to know. |
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http://www.geocities.com/blu_sphynx/memory.html
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| | FuturePundit: Long Term Memories Processed By Anterior Cingulate |
| | Also, drugs and other methods of enhancing long term memory formation must enhance processes in the brain that occur over a period of weeks. | | | If students learn something a week before finals then what they are being tested on is their short term memory version of their knowledge of the material. | | | Our work with the mutant mice also suggests that kinase II is critically involved in preserving our oldest memories." |
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http://www.futurepundit.com/archives/002097.html
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| | Pictures Reveal How Nerve Cells Form Connections To Store Short- And Long-Term Memories In Brain |
| | In their experiments, which were financed in part by grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health, the researchers observed no changes in these newly formed nerve connections once they were established, indicating that they were permanent. | | | "The long-term memories stored in our brain last our entire lives, so everybody had assumed that there must be lasting structural changes between neurons in the brain," says Michael A. Colicos, a postdoctoral fellow at UCSD and the lead author of the paper. | | | To resolve this problem, the UCSD researchers focused their attention on individual nerve cells, specifically neurons from the hippocampus -- the portion of the human brain crucial to forming particular types of memory -- and filmed them as their synapses made new connections to other nerve cells in response to electrical impulses. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/11/011130074538.htm
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| | EETimes.com - Neurochips detect brain's reaction to learning |
| | The neurons used were from the hippocampus, the area of the human brain thought to be crucial in forming memories. | | | By non-invasively firing specific neurons grown on a silicon substrate, the researchers were able to identify the exact physical changes, which were observed with a fluorescent tracer. | | | We were finally able to see what the long-term changes were in terms of the structure and connectivity between neurons," said Colicos. |
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http://www.eetimes.com/story/technology/OEG20011217S0047
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| | HHMI News: Researchers Find Enzyme Crucial to Preservation of Memories |
| | According to the researchers, their experiments — which showed that defects in a key biochemical signaling pathway were responsible for the animals’ inability to improve their long-term memory in a series of maze tests — constitute a powerful approach to understanding molecules involved in learning and memory. | | | These experiments demonstrated that the CaMKIV-deficient mice could learn to associate the shocks to the chamber context, but they had difficulties in converting such memories to long lasting memories, said Tonegawa. | | | “CaMKIV had been implicated in long-term memory pathways in the past, but previous studies had involved global knockout of the enzyme in the entire animal,” said Tonegawa. |
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http://www.hhmi.org/news/tonegawa.html
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| | Research With Sea Slugs and Yeast May Explain How Long-Term Memories Are Stored |
| | Indeed, the mechanisms explaining the way short- and long-term memories are formed have largely been worked out. | | | To find out if a new kind of prion is what enables memories to be stored, researchers have begun new experiments on flies and mice. | | | With experience and learning, new synapses are formed and others are strengthened, Dr. Kandel said. |
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http://sosnick.uchicago.edu/nytimes_lindquist.html
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| | H2G2 |
| | The hippocampus is not involved in 'procedural memories', those things that you learn by practice, ie learning how to ride a bike. | | | Indeed, he had no memory of the psychologist telling him to memorise it. | | | H.M and the Seahorse - a Story of Memory Discovery |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/pda/A667820?s_id=5
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| | Office of Public Affairs at Yale - News Release |
| | He said the focus of the study was a specific set of connections between brain cells and whether different kinds of information coming to different parts of the neuron can interact to induce a long-term memory. | | | In a study published Friday in the journal Science, Professor Thomas Carew and co-researcher Carolyn Sherff said their study looked at how learning and memory affects the way nerve cells communicate. | | | "This gives us further insights into the basic building blocks of memory, insights into the highly conserved cellular and molecular rules that nature has evolved to enable experience to change neurons in a permanent way." |
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http://www.yale.edu/opa/newsr/99-09-16-04.all.html
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| | William H. Calvin and Derek Bickerton, Lingua ex Machina, chapter 6 (MIT Press) |
| | In the first half of the twentieth century, such facts about memory were established and, in 1949, Donald Hebb created our modern formulation of the relation between short- and long-term memories. | | | Brain imaging techniques utilizing regional blood flow changes are capable of seeing what areas are working harder during certain memory tasks. | | | A modern formulation tends to use terms such as |
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http://williamcalvin.com/LEM/LEMch6.htm
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| | Scientists Tie Long-Term Memory to Quiet Phase of Sleep: Brain forges links between cells to keep information |
| | The answer seems to lie in another sleep stage called slow- wave sleep, when the cortex, where associations and memories reside, cuts itself off from other parts of the brain and basically listens to itself. | | | One problem with studying sleep in whole brains is that everything happens so incredibly fast that it is difficult to see what groups of cells are doing, Sejnowski said. | | | One, called REM sleep, is what occurs when the brain becomes very active and produces dreams. |
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http://www.mindfully.org/Health/Long-Term-Memory.htm
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| | falsmem_lab2.html |
| | Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803-814. | | | Make any other observations that you feel are relevant. | | | You might want to examine some of the other weblinks for Chapters 6 and 7 to get a sense of some of the controversies and research findings)? |
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http://cla.calpoly.edu:16080/~dlvalenc/PSY307/falsmem_lab2.html
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| | Health & Medical News - Shock therapy may affect long-term memories - 24/06/2003 |
| | He also argued that many of the studies reviewed by Rose and colleagues were old, and thus could not have reflected recent improvements in ECT practice. | | | The form of ECT used in Britain differs from that used in Australia, with the British form being slightly more effective, but bringing with it more problems with memory loss, he said. | | | There have been major changes resulting in psychiatrists now needing very special training for doing ECT," he said. |
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http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?/science/news/health/HealthRepublish_884247.htm
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| | News in Science - Erasing bad memories? - 25/08/2003 |
| | The discovery is likely to assist in the future development of methods to wipe out unwanted memories, and thus of treating some kinds of psychological trauma, the researchers claim. | | | They say the research - in rats and fish - may pave the way for the development of drugs that wipe specific memories without affecting other memories. | | | "You can't ask animals [that have been] given memory erasing drugs whether they have lost other memories that they don't want to lose," she said, adding that there may be ethical problems in testing such drugs on humans. |
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http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s929741.htm
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| | JSMF - 1999 McDonnell - Pew Program in Cognitive Neuroscience |
| | The verbal paired-associate task in which subjects learn sets of arbitrary associations between unrelated word pairs has become a benchmark task for assessing declarative memory function in humans. | | | This experimental approach differs in two important ways from previous physiological studies of long-term memory. | | | These are also the first experiments to examine the neural signals underlying the kind of flexible associative memory known to be severely impaired in humans, monkeys and rats with medial temporal lobe damage. |
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http://www.jsmf.org/grants/historical/mcpew/1999/suzuki.htm
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| | Instant Replay - Building Long-term Memory |
| | The reinforcement is critical for creating the cell-to-cell connections that constitute long-term memories, the researchers found. | | | If the process of consolidating new experiences into long-term memories goes wrong, it could result in the incorrect association of a real memory with a mentally created experience, thereby leading to delusions, he said. |
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http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/20001012032303data_trunc_sys.shtml
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| | Single protein appears central to the formation of the long-term memories |
| | To conduct their experiments, the researchers relied on observations of a laboratory phenomenon thought to mirror the changes that occur in the brain when a long-term memory is formed. | | | Lu and his colleagues then sought to determine how tPA and BDNF might interact with each other to form long term memory. | | | Lu added that mBDNF may also play a role in Alzheimer's disease, as some studies have shown that the brains of Alzheimer's patients have reduced levels of mBDNF or plasmin. |
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http://www.news-medical.net/?id=5607
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| | How Does the Brian Store Memories? |
| | Our childhood, our tragedies, our triumphs, the people we love, the people we dislike and all that we can recall with even the slightest cognition is all that we as humans can know about our selves. | | | We can be nowhere but at the center of our own universe. | | | Cognitive psychology points to one's collection of long term memories as the definition of the self. |
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http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~zpkilpat/crebpres.html
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| | MIT researchers ID gene involved in memory retrieval - MIT News Office |
| | This process, called pattern completion, is believed to be a crucial step in the retrieval of memories. | | | To provide insight into the link between these levels, Wilson has devised a method to monitor the actions of dozens of individual neurons in real time. | | | With electrodes that reach into the depths of the hippocampus, the researchers can actually see memories being formed in the brains of their mice subjects. |
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http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2002/memory.html
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| | Scientific American: Down Memory Limbo |
| | And when the tone sounded again a day later, most rats treated with the antibiotic did not react to it anymore; they seemed to have lost their memory of the shock. | | | The study looked at so-called long-term memories in rats. | | | Whatever the outcome, though, the results may be clinically useful in helping people with post-traumatic stress disorder shake their haunting memories once and for all. |
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http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=0003F9CF-5487-1C75-9B81809EC588EF21
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| | HON - News : Long-Term Memories Form in Toddlerhood |
| | Now researchers have found that if a 17-month-old is shown how to do something and given a short time to practice it, he or she will remember what to do a long (in the life of a child) four months later. | | | He says young babies may not understand what the researchers were saying or "maybe the 28-month-olds have much more experience in imitating adults and they find the task easier." | | | The list of medical terms above are retrieved automatically from the article. |
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http://www.hon.ch/News/HSN/509948.html
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| | DejaVu and Mind Control |
| | Memories and information processing concerned with past events. | | | Where would you get mind control from something as benign as dejavu? | | | The imbalance causes memories to be processed by an inappropriate part of the brain. |
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http://www.robsworld.org/dejavu.html
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| | Long-term memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | According to the theory of Tarnow, long term memories are stored in dream format (reminiscent of the Penfield and Rasmussen’s findings that electrical excitations of cortex give rise to experiences similar to dreams). | | | As long-term memory is subject to fading in the natural forgetting process, several recalls/retrievals of memory may be needed for long-term memories to last for years, dependent also on the depth of processing. | | | Tarnow, E. (2003) How Dreams And Memory May Be Related. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_term_memory
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| | MIT team discovers memory mechanism |
| | In contrast to normal mice's ability to remember a behavioral task for weeks, the mutant mice could remember the task for only a few hours. | | | The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the RIKEN Brain Science Institute. | | | About the potential clinical impact of the study, Tonegawa observed, "As we continue to map out the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cognitive function, we will better understand the basis of disorders of memory impairment. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-02/miot-mtd020404.php
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| | NYU neuroscientists find long-term memories are surprisingly unstable and impermanent |
| | This research was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the W.M. Keck Foundation and a Human Frontiers of Science Fellowship. | | | On a clinical level, it suggests a way of interfering with memory disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder where the strength of traumatic memories impairs normal functioning. | | | Indeed, it may have explanatory powers for phenomena like false memory syndrome. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2000-08/NYU-Nnfl-1508100.php
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| | Scientists show hippocampus's role in long term memory |
| | The role of the hippocampus in the formation of new memories has been well-documented, but the contribution of this structure to the representation and retrieval of long-term memories is less clear. | | | By demystifying the role of the hippocampus in both the acquisition and retrieval of everyday memories, this research forms the necessary first steps towards understanding and developing treatments for devastating memory-related diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease. | | | The formation of new memories and the retrieval of older memories are both evidenced in the hippocampus region of the brain, according to recent research by NYU neuroscientists. |
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http://www.brightsurf.com/news/may_04/EDU_news_051304_e.php
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| | Winter 98 Midterm 2 |
| | Patients with anterograde amnesia cannot form new memories for general facts or personal experiences but have no problem acquiring new perceptual skills, motor skills, classical conditioning and operant conditioning. | | | While under hypnosis, a subject has a conversation with a person who is not actually in the room. | | | In a free-recall experiment, which words in a long list are most likely to be forgotten? |
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http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~holman/98W2.htm
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| | Science Museum Your brain Long-term memory |
| | Your memories of things that have happened to you help you deal with the present and plan for the future. | | | Facts, such as names, events and places, on the other hand, have to be consciously retrieved. | | | Your memory of how to do things like riding a bike allows you to do them automatically. |
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http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/exhibitions/brain/264.asp
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| | Rednova NEWS Where Long-Term Memories Go |
| | The researchers say their study confirms what's long been suspected -- that specific physical structures in the brain act as repositories for memory, knowledge and experience. | | | The finding may also help scientists better understand cognitive dysfunction and memory deficits in people who are mentally retarded. | | | Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health professional before starting any new treatment. |
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http://www.rednova.com/modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=63511
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| | How The Brain Turns Short-Term Memories Into Permanent Ones |
| | retains, the ones that become our oldest memories,'' | | | processes: how we establish the memories that the brain | | | permanent memories in the cortex), but our work also |
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http://www.mail-archive.com/tips@fre.fsu.umd.edu/msg12108.html
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| | Your Heading Goes Here |
| | Creating and storing memories is a difficult process that involves many areas of the brain, particularly the cerebrum that holds memory and thought processes.. | | | During this process, a short-term memory is continuously activated, to the extent that certain chemical and physical changes occur in the brain, permanently embedding the memory for long-term access. | | | Long-Term Memory: Memories that can be recalled for many years (perhaps for an entire lifetime). |
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http://www.alumni.ca/~visa4a0/memory.html
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| | The Scratch-Post - MegloManiacal |
| | In the 1970s a group of researchers were looking at the effects of electroconvulsive shock therapy on the formation of long term memories in monkeys. | | | Supposedly they found that long term memories are not static in the brain. | | | By making a patient concentrate on a long term memory and then shocking them with certain levels of electricity these researchers found that they could permanently disrupt the formation of long term memories. |
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http://www.monchat.ca/nuts/index.php?cat=28
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| | [Reporter:April:96] Protein Key to Long-Term Memory |
| | In previous work, the researchers found that the conversion of short-term memories into long-term ones involves the activation of certain genes, says Dr. Kandel, University Professor in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and in the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior. | | | A group of researchers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior has identified a protein that blocks the formation of long-term memories. | | | Dusan Bartsch and Mirella Ghirardi, two postdoctoral fellows in the laboratory of Dr. Eric Kandel, carried out the research. |
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http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/news/reporter/archives/repo_v7n2_0014.html
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| | Long-Term Memory Seen To Be Linked To Specific Genes |
| | This suggests that the inability of the transgenic mice to store long-term memories may have to do with the failure to turn on or off specific genes in response to training. | | | Recently, researchers have made progress in understanding how memories are formed, but it is still unclear what controls how well and how long they are stored. | | | This is an important step in understanding how long-term memory works. |
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http://unisci.com/stories/20013/0921013.htm
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| | Short and long term memories in a double loop neural model |
| | The suggested model of learning, unsupervised and of reinforcement type, is compatible with physiological and pathological data and gives a consistent approach for both acquisition and recognition of the stimuli. | | | The model is built around the mental object concept, which is made up of double loop signal flows circulating over a connectionist structure, and takes into account the functional role of the limbic system. | | | This article tackles the issue of the automatic constitution of mental images in a neural network, then deals with the use of these images in the two traditional physiological cases: short-term memory and long-term memory. |
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http://www.mire.net/cl/stmltm.html
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| | "‘Long Term Memories - #104 -week 151" Fly Angler's Online |
| | I wish I could live this moment a little bit longer so the memories would be better planted in my mind. | | | I have work to do, stories to write, and a list of things I haven't finished. | | | I can now focus my thoughts a little better than I did before my memory trip. |
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http://www.flyanglersonline.com/features/readerscast/rc104.html
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| | Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations |
| | Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link. | | | Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6809395 - Pharmacological modulation of formation of long-term memory |
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http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6809395
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| | Long Term Memories |
| | For any of your Audio/Visual needs and a free sample tape, contact Long Term Memories: |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~sturges47/contact.html
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| | 20 Years of Special Memories: Long-Term Employees Honored |
| | One by one, the long-term employees were called to the front of the room for a photo with CUA’s president, the Very Rev. David M. O’Connell, C.M.; entertaining anecdotal biographies narrated by emcee Frank Persico, CUA’s vice president and chief of staff; and a short speech from Father O’Connell congratulating the honorees on their success. | | | Six months after starting her job as an administrative assistant in CUA’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ruth Hicks experienced a moment she’ll never forget — her first CUA graduation. | | | Twenty-year veteran Aida Lopez of the John K. Mullen of Denver Memorial Library started at CUA in 1965 but took several years off to look after her ailing mother in Guatemala. |
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http://publicaffairs.cua.edu/news/03ServiceAwards.htm
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