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| | Taxonomy and Phylogeny - EvoWiki |
 | | Because of the various problems with standard Linnaean taxonomy and nomenclature, some researchers have instead advocated a radical cladistics-based approach known as PhyloCode (see http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhyloCode); however, many other researchers feel the PhyloCode approach is clumsy, awkward, and throws out the proverbial baby with the proverbial bathwater (see http://www.systass.org/meetings/phylocode-debate.html). | | | It is important to draw a distinction between phenetics as an approach to taxonomy, and phenetics as a tool for deciphering the evolutionary relationships of organisms. | | | Although its history dates back centuries to the French botanist Michel Adanson, phenetics underwent something of a renaissance in the 60's, 70's and early 80's in response to a growing dissatisfaction with what its practitioners viewed as the arbitrary and nonquantative approaches that rose to prominence in the 1950's. |
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http://wiki.cotch.net/index.php/Taxonomy
(1474 words)
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| | Jason Baker |
| | Linnaean taxonomy seems to rely on an essentialist species concept that is incompatible with evolutionary change. | | | Biologists have recently proposed several alternatives to better integrate taxonomy with evolutionary theory. | | | Traditional systems of classification have embraced two, perhaps conflicting goals: to record the historical evolution of biodiversity and to represent current biological relationships among contemporary species. |
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http://www.ishpssb.org/ocs/viewabstract.php?id=87
(284 words)
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| | Lecture: Life Classification, Dr. Rodrigue |
| | So, taxonomy or systematics (the science of classifying organisms), which was a pretty sleepy subject when I went to college, is now hot with debate and has seen a great expansion of information that can be used for analyzing lineages, which is where this concern with cladistic analysis comes from: a. | | | All humans of one gender, for example, can freely interbreed with anyone of the opposite gender in good reproductive condition and produce viable offspring that can make babies of their own in due time. | | | For example, the pigeon genus, Columba, variously includes 11-54 species, depending on whether a taxonomist is more of a splitter (more genera) or a lumper (put 'em all in the same box). |
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http://www.csulb.edu/~rodrigue/geog140/lectures/linnaean.html
(2077 words)
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| | Untitled |
| | Over the past 50 years it has been pointed out with increasing frequency that our traditional Linnaean system of classification and nomenclature is incompatible with a phylogenetic system which recognises only monophyletic groups. | | | We will always need a practical and general-use reference system for classifying organisms, and this does not necessarily have to reflect what we imagine might be the tree of life behind the scenes. | | | There is little we cannot effectively communicate about novel phylogenetic findings in conjunction with one of the variations of the Linnaean system now available. |
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http://persoon.si.edu/sbsarchives/sbs2001/abstracts.cfm
(1372 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The fundamental methodological problem facing systematic taxonomy across these disciplines is the philosophical disjunction between Linnaean taxonomy, based on the notion of static species, and Darwinian evolution, which sees species in a constant state of change. | | | However, such arguments are weakly supported conceptually and offer little in terms of the resolution of Linnaean and Darwinian perspectives on biological species or debates over objectivity and subjectivity in taxonomic applications. | | | The philosophical dimension of my research project will focus on the nature of classificatory systems as applied to evolutionary relationships, and debates over the objectivity of various taxonomic schemes during the past century (Hull 1984; Wilson 1999). |
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http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~agas/mbillinger.html
(1624 words)
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| | Virtual Core Biology 8.1 Lab - Linnaeus's Last Stand? (article) |
| | One key difference is that because organisms would be grouped in clades under the new system, names would include no references to families, orders, classes, even genera in the traditional sense. | | | Yet in the PhyloCode world, say its critics, names may stabilize, but what they signify will change as new evolutionary studies cause members to shift from clade to clade--as is bound to happen. | | | PhyloCode advocates haven't settled what will happen to species names, but they insist that most Linnaean family, class, or order names will survive the transition and will usually cover the same array of organisms. |
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http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/dklein/additives/linnaeus.html
(2801 words)
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| | Systematics & Taxonomy Bibliography |
| | Principles of taxonomy are presented, with an emphasis on humans. | | | Cladistics: The Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis. | | | Quicke, Donald L. Principles and Techniques of Contemporary Taxonomy. |
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http://www.calacademy.org/research/library/naturalist_center/biblio/systematics.htm
(753 words)
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| | Biological Nomenclature - Brummitt: Happy with the Present Code |
| | I see the desirability of establishing a phylogeny, as distinct from a classification, but I have some doubts as to whether a new nomenclature is needed to express it. | | | A phylogeny has no class concepts, and is independent of characters. | | | I can understand how such a view can be held. |
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http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/PBIO/nomcl/brum.html
(2257 words)
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| | Untitled Document |
| | For example, in the Linnaean Taxonomy, the common dog is classified as follows: | | | In essence, a taxonomy has a life of its own. | | | As science advances a taxonomy is designed to change with it. |
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http://www.zibs.com/thomas1.shtml
(1454 words)
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| | BBC - h2g2 - Cladistics |
| | But a cladogram containing both those animals will reveal not only how they are related to each other, but also, through analysis of their shared derived traits, what their common ancestor might have been like, and what has happened to the rest of that ancestor's descendants. | | | Cladistics is quite complex and cladograms are subject to frequent changes as new evidence turns up. | | | This cladogram, built up from many years of scientific research, shows a great deal of information that Linnaean taxonomy does not even hint at. |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/ww2/A392186
(2131 words)
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| | Teacher Notes for Cladistics Exercise |
| | Polyphyletic groups are usually avoided even in the traditional Linnaean system. | | | For a long time biologists classified organisms into what seemed like natural groups using a system devised in the 18th century by the naturalist Linneaus. | | | Linnaean taxonomy recognizes many paraphyletic groups, but cladistic taxonomy rejects them all. |
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http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~museum/hughes/cladistics_notes.html
(2860 words)
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| | DR. LAWSON'S BIO1134_OBJECTIVES_1 |
| | Identify and/or name the seven (7) basic taxa developed by Linnaeus in his plant taxonomy; list and/or recognize them in their proper ascending/descending orders; and state and/or recognize the basic definitions of each taxon. | | | Classification: What It Is; Its Two Basic Processes; Its Need In Botany | | | Donny L. Lawson LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR THE “BOTANICAL TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE&; TOPIC |
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http://www.colin.edu/science/DL_FOLDER/BIO2313_T2_OBJ-DL.htm
(796 words)
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| | "Phylocode debate -- Mike Lee (for); Gary Nelson (against)" |
| | It claims that Phylocode is fully sufficient for modern needs, achieved by abolishing ranks and binomial nomenclature, and by adopting a certain distinction between the ideas of definition and diagnosis. The distinction leads to an original proposal about types and their function. | | | Acknowledged is a "tremendous intellectual debt" to various persons philosophically inclined: Graham Griffiths, Michael Ghiselin, David Hull. | | | Ereshefsky, M. The poverty of the Linnaean hierarchy: A philosophical study of biological taxonomy. |
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http://www.systass.org/meetings/phylocode-debate.html
(2703 words)
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| | Taxonomy - Metaweb |
| | Such taxonomies as those analyzed by Durkheim and Levi-Strauss are sometimes called folk taxonomies to distinguish them from scientific taxonomies that claim to be disembedded from social relations and thus objective and universal. | | | The most well-known and widely used scientific taxonomy is Linnaean taxonomy (http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy) which classifies living things and originated with Carolus Linnaeus (http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus). | | | Anthropologists (http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_anthropology) have observed that taxonomies are generally embedded in local cultural and social systems, and serve various social functions. |
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http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Taxonomy&printable=yes
(327 words)
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| | Marc Ereshefsky's Academic Home Page |
| | The Poverty of the Linnaean Hierarchy: A Philosophical Study of Biological Taxonomy. | | | (with Mohan Matthen) “Taxonomy, Polymorphism and History: An Introduction to Population Structure Theory.” Philosophy of Science (2005) 72, pp. | | | "Some Problems with the Linnaean Hierarchy", Philosophy of Science, (1994), 61. |
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/~ereshefs
(453 words)
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| | Classification of Dinosaurs - Enchanted Learning Software |
| | Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into groups by structure, origin, common ancestor, etc. One goal is to recognize the inherent order in nature. | | | The Linnaean System is based on a simple hierarchical structure in which organisms are sorted using the nomenclature of Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. | | | Two taxonomic systems are used, modern cladistics and the older Linnaean system. |
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http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinoclassification/Classification.html
(392 words)
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| | The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - taxonomy |
| | Keywords: clades • cladistics &; classes &; extension • individuals • intention • meaning • phylogeny &; reference • systematics • taxonomy • tree-thinking. | | | Ereshefsky, M. The Poverty of the Linnaean Hierarchy: A Philosophical Study of Biological Taxonomy. | | | The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - taxonomy |
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http://www.kli.ac.at/theorylab/Keyword/T/taxonomy.html
(344 words)
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| | Tinotopia: McDonald's Needs A Taxonomy |
| | A taxonomy is, as the word itself suggests, a scheme for arranging things; in practical use, it has a strong connotation of a hierarchical arrangement. | | | Carl Linnaeus developed a system of naming biological entities according to a hierarchy. | | | Tinotopia → Log → McDonald’s Needs A Taxonomy (16 May 2005) |
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http://www.tinotopia.com/log/archive/2005/05/16/mcdonalds_needs_a_taxonomy.htm
(1856 words)
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| | The Microsoft Institute Research - Text Generation and User Modelling on the Web |
| | Divisions within the taxonomy are where differentia occur and identify groupings of concepts. | | | Hence, the supertype of the Platypus is the Monotreme for a naive user, since the intervening steps in the taxonomy do not provide the her with any additional or meaningful knowledge. | | | This forms the basis for the second distinction between users: the view of the Linnaean taxonomy. |
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http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~mariam/papers/um96/nlg-um-www.html
(2193 words)
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| | MBG: Research: Richard Zander |
| | Continued work in traditional taxonomy in the face of a major new emphasis in the field on phylogenetic work: (A) Taxonomic treatments of Pottiaceae for FNA. | | | Promotion of appreciation for the vast economic wealth generated or mediated by Linnaean taxonomy over the past 250 years, with good prospects for the next quarter millennium, being a value-centered counter to any new taxonomic system based on named clades. | | | Coordinate discussions of an International Association for Plant Taxonomy committee convened to investigate possible changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature to allow electronic publication of new names, thus to speed biodiversity work and generally bring Linnaean taxonomy into the computer age. |
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http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/curators/zander.shtml
(551 words)
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| | Palaeos Systematics: The Linnean System |
| | The Linnaean taxonomy is a formal system for classifying and naming living things based on a simple hierarchical structure, from most general to most similar The basic hierarchy as formulated by Linneus, is as follows: | | | , published in 1758, was and still is considered the foundation of all modern taxonomy (at least until the cladists came along! | | | Nevertheless this basic formula, as set out in the 10th edition of his |
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http://www.palaeos.com/Systematics/Linnean/Linnean.htm
(1704 words)
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| | NSF PEET Project Homepage |
| | The National Science Foundation (NSF), in partnership with academic institutions, botanical gardens, freshwater and marine institutes, and natural history museums, seeks to enhance and stimulate taxonomic research and help prepare future generations of experts. | | | This effort is designed to encourage the training of new generations of taxonomists and to translate current expertise into electronic databases and other formats with broad accessibility to the scientific community. | | | NSF announces a special competition, Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET), to support competitively reviewed research projects that target groups of poorly known organisms. |
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http://web.nhm.ku.edu/peet
(196 words)
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| | CBN Archives - Paleontology and Evolution |
| | (In point of fact, NO taxonomy can ever be guaranteed to be totally accurate. | | | Taxonomy involves many judgement calls, and it is highly unlikely that any two authorities on a particular subject will ever agree on all the details of any taxonomic scheme.) The scheme presented was prepared by Peter Uetz, originally with the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, and now with the University of Washington. | | | I do not intend to present an equivalent cladistic taxonomy of Class Reptilia, for two reasons. |
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http://coloherp.org/cb-news/archive/taxonomy/ReptiliaTax.php
(261 words)
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| | Felid Taxonomy |
| | Compared to the Linnaean system, PhyloCode is still in its infancy. | | | The taxonomy currently in use for biological organisms, the Linnaean taxonomy, is more than 250 years old and even predates the theory of evolution. | | | This is a problem for the Linnaean system, and it happened because scientists of that time didn't have any way to know which organisms were actually related. |
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http://www.bigcats.com/felidtaxon.php
(316 words)
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| | Scientific classification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The approach he took to the classification of plants in his Historia Plantarum was an important step towards modern taxonomy. | | | This convention for naming species is referred to as binomial nomenclature. | | | Ray rejected the system of dichotomous division by which species were classified according to a pre-conceived, either/or type system, and instead classified plants according to similarities and differences that emerged from observation. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_classification
(1163 words)
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| | CNAH Discussion Forums |
| | Why not construct a parallel system that could be used alongside Linnaean taxonomy... | | | But I don't believe it is at all "progressive" to toss out a system that has been in use by many different specialists for centuries. | | | To propose tossing out an existing taxonomy, no matter that it is flawed, because systematists may not like it is a fairly arrogant and narrow-minded approach. |
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http://www.naherpetology.org/forum/display_message.asp?mid=41
(262 words)
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| | The ABC's of Animal Taxonomy |
| | The original purpose of taxonomy was the recognition, categorization, and identification of organisms. | | | The traditional, or Linnaean, taxonomy is still largely in favor among field workers, conservationists, and husbandry people. | | | It does, however, provide a very powerful tool for analyzing relationships within smaller assemblages of organisms. |
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http://home.pcisys.net/~dlblanc/articles/taxonomy.php
(679 words)
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| | Folk & pre-Linnaean taxonomy (21-Jan-03) |
| | For example, most specific names are given as binomials. | | | Names of life forms in some folk taxonomies may be taken from the names of generics, and so are described as polysemous (they have more than one referent). | | | In common with other folk taxonomies, however, some species are represented by uninomials that are (polysemous) generic names. |
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http://www.botany.utoronto.ca/courses/bot300/lectures/300-21-Jan-03.html
(717 words)
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| | World Culinary Institute |
| | A world leader for research on taxonomy and biodiversity. | | | A short glossary explaining some of the terms used in taxonomy. | | | About taxonomy and systematics at the University of Glasgow, with links to other internet resources on these subjects. |
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http://www.worldculinaryinstitute.com/cgi-bin/odp/index.cgi?base=/Science/Biology/Taxonomy
(430 words)
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| | Scientific Classification |
| | The Linnaean taxonomic system is quite useful as a classification system. | | | Each Linnaean name is based on Latin and Greek root words which are often difficult to pronounce. | | | Our current day classification system was created by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeaus in 1757; this is what we refer to as Taxonomy. |
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http://nmml.afsc.noaa.gov/education/taxonomy.htm
(340 words)
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| | Alexandra Cook |
| | Rousseau learned Linnaean taxonomy in Switzerland in the 1760’s while in exile from France, where Linnaean systematics were slow to gain acceptance. | | | Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) has been called the "architect of the popularization of Linnaean ideas in France," yet this assessment, even if partly true, is misleading. | | | In a short history of botany that was found among his manuscripts after his death and subsequently published in 1782, Rousseau exposes his ideas on identification and naming. |
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http://www.ishpssb.org/ocs/viewabstract.php?id=96
(213 words)
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| | Taxonomy |
| | Here are two examples of the Linnaean taxonomic system of classification, for humans and armadillos: | | | The system currently used by taxonomists is called the Linnaean taxonomic system, in honor of Swedish biologist Carolus Linnaeus (1707 — 1778). | | | The Linnaean system breaks down organisms into seven major divisions, called taxa (singular: taxon). |
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http://www.msu.edu/~nixonjos/armadillo/taxonomy.html
(606 words)
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| | Taxonomies |
| | This in turn requires some set of categories to be explicitly defined, so that researchers exchanging language data can be confident that they are using the annotations in the same way. | | | Computational linguistics needs something like the Linnaean taxonomy created for botany in the 18th century, which for the first time enabled naturalists everywhere to exchange information about plants secure in the knowledge that when they used the same names they were talking about the same things. | | | SUSANNE Corpus and Analytic Scheme The Need for Language Taxonomy To enable computers to process human language, we need databases (corpora) of language samples annotated to show their structural features, as a source of information and statistics to guide the development of language-processing algorithms. |
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http://faculty.ulv.edu/~armstroc/taxonomies.html
(316 words)
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| | linnaean taxonomy |
| | Revisiting Linnaean taxonomy : Exploring Essential Information, Data and... | | | Linnaean taxonomy: Articles on Linnaean taxonomy (current) from Fablis... |
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http://www.fact-library.com/%20view
(18 words)
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| | The Fossil Record: Evolution or "Scientific Creation" |
| | It deals with Linnaean taxonomy, the nature of science, and controversies like missing links and the age of the Earth. | | | This online textbook is designed educate economic geologists about the basics of evolution and creation science. | | | The Starting Point collection includes resources addressing the needs of faculty and graduate students designing, developing, and delivering entry-level undergraduate courses in geoscience. |
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http://serc.carleton.edu/resources/1932.html
(59 words)
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| | Post-Linnaean & contemporary taxonomy (28-Jan-03) |
| | Linnaeus' immediate influence on plant taxonomy, other than through his own works, lay in the activities of the students who (for the most part) defended theses that he prepared, and who then went on to more or less independent careers as botanists themselves. | | | Some of these students were cabinet botanists like Linnaeus himself, botanists who remained in Europe assembling collections and teaching botany, such as Linnaeus' son Carl. |
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http://www.botany.utoronto.ca/Courses/bot300/lectures/300-28-Jan-03.html
(368 words)
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| | HONORS BIOLOGY SYLLABUS |
| | UNIT 2: ANIMAL TAXONOMY I - Linnaean taxonomy, taxonomic alternatives, primitive animal phyla. | | | UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, BIOLOGY, AND TAXONOMY - Science vs. pseudoscience, scientific method, characteristics of living things, Aristotelian taxonomy. | | | UNIT 21: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IV and MINOR KINGDOM TAXONOMY- Excretory, lymphatic, and immune systems; viruses, monerans, and fungi. |
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http://www.gprep.org/dept/science/biology/HonBioSyll.htm
(500 words)
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| | IAPT International Association for Plant Taxonomy - TAXON Index |
| | Brummitt, R. Taxonomy versus cladonomy, a fundamental controversy in biological systematics. | | | Welzen, P. van: Phylogenetic versus Linnaean taxonomy, the continuing story. | | | Welzen, P. van: Paraphyletic groups or what should a classification entail. |
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http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/ibc99/iapt/Indextaxon.htm
(4962 words)
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| | Database error - TheBestLinks.com - Taxa, Biology, Linnaean taxonomy, Species, ... |
| | This could be because of an illegal search query (see Searching TheBestLinks.com), or it may indicate a bug in the software. | | | You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page. | | | Taxa, Taxon, Biology, Linnaean taxonomy, Species, Taxonomy, Genus, Scientific... |
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http://www.thebestlinks.com/Taxa.html
(68 words)
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| | Smithsonian Botanical Symposium 2001 |
| | The inaugural symposium, "Linnaean Taxonomy in the 21st Century," focused on the relevance of Linnaean binomials and hierarchical ranks in the light of recent advances in phylogenetic systematics. | | | The suggested reading list provides references for a number of related articles and a link to the Web site for the Phylocode. | | | Also comments submitted by symposium participants on the issues surrounding Linnaean binomials and hierarchical ranks are available here. |
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http://persoon.si.edu/sbsarchives/sbs2001
(90 words)
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| | linnaean_taxonomy - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word linnaean taxonomy: | | | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "linnaean taxonomy" is defined. |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=linnaean_taxonomy&loc=resrd
(71 words)
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| | biology - PhyloCode |
| | Its current version is specifically designed to regulate the naming of clades, which do not have set ranks, unlike conventional Linnaean taxonomy. | | | Later revisions will presumably also include new rules for the naming of species. | | | PhyloCode is a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature. |
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http://www.biologydaily.com/biology/PhyloCode
(302 words)
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| | Kingdom Plantae |
| | Linnaean taxonomy of Late Triassic Plants of Petrified Forest National Park |
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http://www.nps.gov/pefo/Paleontology/plantae.htm
(39 words)
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| | taxonomy |
| | Major Categories in the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives | | | Taxonomy Warehouse - A Comprehensive Web-Directory of Taxonomies |
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http://www.fact-library.com/%20view
(16 words)
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| | The Enigma Cryptozoo |
| | Get set to take a guided tour of the habitats and histories of some of the strangest creatures that may never have lived. | | | It's a sanctuary for strange species located in the land of the lost... | | | a museum of mad menageries that Linnaean taxonomy forgot! |
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http://www.parascope.com/en/cryptozoo
(316 words)
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