|
| |
| | MSN Encarta - Search View - Genetics |
 | | This process contributes to the great variation of traits that we see in nature, such as the color of a flower’s petals, the markings on a butterfly’s wings, or such human behavioral traits as personality or musical talent. | | | When organisms undergo a change in order to adjust to their environment, that change acts as a trait that can be passed on to offspring. | | | The gemmules become imprinted with any changes acquired by the body, such as muscle development from exercise. |
|
http://encarta.msn.com/text_761563786__1/Genetics.html
|
|
| |
| | Heredity and Heritability |
| | Inheritance or heredity was a focus of systematic research before its inclusion as a key concept within evolutionary theory. | | | The kinds of hereditary traits that biologists are interested in are those that are reliably transmitted from one generation to the next as a matter of biology. | | | The term “heritable” applies to traits that are similar in parents and offspring. |
|
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heredity
|
|
| |
| | Nonsense in schoolbooks: 'The Imaginary Lamarck' |
| | The acquired characteristics that figured in Lamarck's thinking were changes that resulted from an individual's own drives and actions, not from the actions of external agents. | | | Darwin's concept was a well articulated body of scientific thought that could be, and was, tested by recourse to facts. | | | Lamarck was not concerned with wounds, injuries or mutilations, and nothing that Lamarck had set forth was tested or "disproven" by the Weismann tail-chopping experiment. |
|
http://www.textbookleague.org/54marck.htm
|
|
| |
| | Intro to Genetics |
| | Traits remained unchanged when passed to offspring: they did not blend in any offspring but behaved as separate units. | | | Mendel analyzed each trait for separate inheritance as if the other trait were not present.The 3:1 ratio was seen separately and was in accordance with the Principle of Segregation. | | | - a term applied to the trait (allele) that is expressed irregardless of the second allele. |
|
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookgenintro.html
|
|
| |
| | Luther Lee Bernard: The Significance of Environment as a Social Factor. |
| | The external transmission of mental, moral, and social traits from parent to offspring is much more difficult to explain to the relatively uninformed in science than is the crude inheritance theory based on the simple reproduction concept. | | | One is to the effect that the preponderant portion of the great activity complexes, formerly misnamed instincts, are acquired elements received from the psycho-social environment, and the other fact is that the psycho-social environment is more powerful in forming the character and attitudes of the individual than is man's original inherited nature. | | | Any effective explanation must fall back either upon a theory of environmental domination of selection for inheritance on a Mendelian basis, or upon some adequate account of the direct effects of environment upon individual traits and social organization, which results are to be explained as transmitted socially rather than biologically. |
|
http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/%7Elward/Bernard/Bernard_1922a.html
|
|
| |
| | Burns - Studies in Osteopathic Sciences - Vol 1 - Chapter 19 |
| | Whether this is indicative of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, or whether the facts are to be explained by the supposition that the same instability is at the basis of all these conditions, is a question whose discussion is beyond the limits of such a volume as this. | | | The habit is not inherited, it was acquired by the child during gestation. | | | The present nerve racking speed of life, this turmoil of ceaseless competitive endeavor, this artificial and hysterical stress over unimportant matters, is not the product of the habits of this generation alone, it is the natural inheritance we have from the therapeutic procedures of our ancestors. |
|
http://www.meridianinstitute.com/eamt/files/burns1/bur1ch19.html
|
|
| |
| | MSN Encarta - Heredity |
| | Sexual reproduction results in offspring with diverse traits, and is the predominant form of reproduction among plants, animals, and most other organisms. | | | A person’s hair color depends on several alleles interacting in complex ways to determine the actual trait of the offspring. | | | Introduction; Asexual and Sexual Reproduction; Patterns of Inheritance; Other Principles of Heredity; History |
|
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761564762/Heredity.html
|
|
| |
| | Niche Construction, Biological Evolution and Cultural Change |
| | The assumption that human cultural inheritance can directly bias human genetic inheritance may also be acceptable even when the source of the natural selection pressure that is modified by culture is no longer human, provided the relationship between whatever cultural trait is being expressed, and whatever natural selection pressure it is modifying, is sufficiently direct. | | | For instance, timelags were found between the onset of a new niche-constructing behaviour, and the response of a population to a selection pressure modified by this niche construction. | | | Human culture may allow humans to modify and construct their niches, with spectacular ecological and evolutionary consequences, but niche construction is both general and pervasive, and probably influences the ecology and evolution of many species. |
|
http://www.bbsonline.org/documents/a/00/00/05/28/bbs00000528-00/bbs.laland.html
|
|
| |
| | Darwin’s Impact: Social Evolution in America, 1880–1920 |
| | He entered the nurture versus nature debate which involves the issue of acquired versus inherited traits in “Broadening the Way to Success” (1886) by arguing, contrary to the conservative Social Darwinists, that the worshipers of genius and the expounders of heredity alike were wrong in maintaining that these qualities were inherent. | | | Also of importance in the development of evolutionary theory was the mutation theory devised by de Vries which explained radical changes in the human genetic structure as “leaps” caused by the earth’s natural radiation among other forces. | | | On the other hand, their critics tended to take a more positive view of humanity since they believed that morality was learned rather than inherited. |
|
http://www.thoemmes.com/american/darwin_intro.htm
|
|
| |
| | Crooked Timber » » I didn’t go to evil medical school for seven years to be called Mr Evil! |
| | As many human behavioral and cognitive traits are traced to an origin in genes congruent with structural and functional deficits, it is no longer a question whether or how a number of genes contribute to human behavior. | | | Which makes it very difficult to see how individual traits could be the object of natural selection, unless one can think of a way in which there could be inheritance of traits otherwise than genetically[1]. | | | Which makes it very difficult to see how individual traits could be the object of natural selection, unless one can think of a way in which there could be inheritance of traits otherwise than genetically.&; This sounds suspiciously like irreducible complexity. |
|
http://www.crookedtimber.org/archives/002594.html
|
|
| |
| | The Modern Synthesis |
| | In light of this evidence, he concluded that inheritance of acquired characteristics was simply contrary to fact. | | | Darwin himself, along with most other prominent theorists of his day, subscribed to the "blending" theory of inheritance, which suggested that traits of each parent would mix together to form the traits of the child. | | | Weismann conducted numerous experiments in which he sought even one bit of evidence that offspring ever inherited characteristics that the parents had acquired. |
|
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/eh3.shtml
|
|
| |
| | A Persistent View |
| | What eventually came to be termed "Lamarckian" included traits changed by use or disuse, but also included passively acquired mutations and characters directly induced by the external environment, without the behavioral mediation required by Lamarck. | | | Another reason for the longevity of Lamarckian concepts is the fact that human culture is passed down through the generations in a Lamarckian manner; acquired changes in language, religion, and other cultural practices can be transmitted to succeeding generations. | | | Landman's review is a clear demonstration of the broadening of the concept of IAC from that originally formulated by Lamarck. |
|
http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2000/PSCF6-00Cook.html
|
|
| |
| | Lamarckism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In essence, a change in the environment brings about change in "needs" (besoins), resulting in change in behavior, bringing change in organ usage and development, bringing change in form over time—and thus the gradual transmutation of the species. | | | While such a theory might explain the observed diversity of species and the first law is generally true, the main argument against Lamarckism is that experiments simply do not support the second law—purely "acquired traits" are not inherited. | | | Lamarckism holds that traits acquired (or diminished) during the lifetime of an organism can be passed on to the offspring. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamarckism
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Consider a dichotomous cultural trait - individuals a: like to dance; individuals b: don't like to dance. | | | Even among primitive peoples the time frame of some traditions can be lengthy with oral traditions passed on for many generations. | | | So to follow our dancing population we need only consider how the frequency of this trait changes from one generation to the next. |
|
http://helix.biology.mcmaster.ca/3j3/3j3.culture.txt
|
|
| |
| | Heredity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Although it was clear that traits were hereditary, the precise mechanism of heredity was however not clear. | | | Darwin's primary approach to heredity was to outline how it appeared to work (noticing that characteristics could be inherited which were not expressed explicitly in the parent at the time of reproduction, that certain characteristics could be sex-linked, etc.) rather than suggesting mechanisms. | | | Charles Darwin proposed a theory of evolution in 1859 and one of its major problems was a lack of coherent hereditary mechanism. |
|
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary
|
|
| |
| | philosophy |
| | He had stated that through the natural selection of beneficial traits, the inheritance of use and disuse would help in evolving a species to adapt to the surrounding conditions. | | | It is generally thought that the world first heard of this idea in the form of Lamarck& inheritance of acquired traits theory. | | | Lamarck& theory on use and disuse of structures within the organism is clearly shown here in Darwin& work of the same manner, once again showing influence of Lamarck& inheritance of traits on Darwin& theory of natural selection. |
|
http://www.papercamp.com/phil33.htm
|
|
| |
| | some important figures in primate issues and research |
| | Unfortunately today he is most remembered for the erroneous idea --Lamarckism-- that acquired traits may be passed on to one's offspring and unused ones lost. | | | He postulated several factors in changing organs -- use and disuse, an organism's "felt need, stirring their inner consciousness", and the inheritance of acquired traits. | | | Human encultured chimps acquire many human behaviors -- sleeping in beds, eating with utencils. |
|
http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jel/512/primate_people.html
|
|
| |
| | defective yeti: Natural Selective Hearing |
| | The most prominent theory formulated by Lamarck was "the inheritance of acquired traits," stating that traits acquired by an organisms during its lifetime will be transmitted to its dependents. | | | Petey's learned/passed on trait crud got booted out of evolution because, frankly, it didn't make any sense. | | | 1) As for the offspring of maze-savvy rats, if the rats were maze-savvy to begin with, it might have more to do with the breeding of intelligent rats to breed rats of higher intelligence than with acquired "evolutionary momentum." Of course, these could end up being one and the same. |
|
http://www.defectiveyeti.com/archives/001352.html
|
|
| |
| | ZOO 317 Lecture 1 - GENETICS AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOR |
| | Lamarck proposed that acquired traits could be passed on to offspring. | | | Darwin also believed that acquired traits could be passed to offspring but thought a more important factor in adaptation is natural selection. | | | Pre-Mendelian scientific studies of heredity were based primarily on complex traits. |
|
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/gene/L01.htm
|
|
| |
| | August 1 in Psychology |
| | Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired traits was an early brand of evolutionary theory that continues to intrigue biologists and psychologists. | | | Sechenov proposed that all mental processes and behavior operate as reflexes of the brain, arising through contiguous association. | | | How to Cite This Page in APA Style |
|
http://www.cwu.edu/~warren/calendar/cal0801.html
|
|
| |
| | SparkNotes: Review of Evolution: Review Test |
| | Traits that perform a similar function but arise from different ancestral traits are called: | | | According to Lamarck, traits, such as large muscles, that are acquired over an individual's lifetime: | | | (D) Does not provide evidence for inheritance of acquired traits |
|
http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/evolution/review/quiz.html
|
|
| |
| | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Lamarck's own theory of evolution was in fact based on the idea that individuals adapt during their own lifetimes and transmit traits they acquire to their offspring. | | | Nowadays, the idea of passing on to offspring characteristics that were acquired during an organism's lifetime is called Lamarckian. | | | Lamarck is remembered today mainly in connection with a discredited theory of heredity, the "inheritance of acquired traits", but Charles Darwin and others acknowledged him as an early proponent of ideas about evolution. |
|
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck
|
|
| |
| | H-S Center for Astrophysics - Digital Video Library |
| | Does the teacher’s guide alert teachers to commonly held student ideas (both troublesome and helpful) that are relevant to the learning goals and described in the learning research literature? | | | A student comments on his theories of the inheritance of acquired traits. |
|
http://www.hsdvl.org/video.php?record_serial=1194
|
|
| |
| | autosomal recessive inheritance - General Practice Notebook |
| | Also, these families tend to be ones with large numbers of offspring. | | | The information provided herein should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. | | | However, clinically this may not be evident as only families with an affected individual come to attention. |
|
http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/-1308229598.htm
|
|
| |
| | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - Wikibooks |
| | He used Lamarck’s basic structure, but changed the theory Lamarck used into the actual mechanism of natural selection. | | | This means that the part of the organism will get decrease in size due to the lack of use for that particular part of the organism. | | | The inheritance of acquired traits, also known as his 'Second Law' in Philosophie Zoologique, is the idea that the traits of an organism that undergo hypertrophy will be inherited by the next generation. |
|
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck
|
|
| |
| | Genetics: Using the Virtual FlyLab |
| | Each research team will be assigned one of the following traits for research (these are the nine traits the Virtual FlyLab makes available for crossing). | | | The purpose of this lesson is for students to discover about the genetic inheritance of traits, through the design and analysis of on-line genetic experiments utilizing the Interactive Virtual FlyLab. | | | Once each team has recorded sufficient data, analyzed it for patterns, and has reached a conclusion about the inheritance of their trait, a research report on their findings should be completed. |
|
http://www.gsu.edu/~mstjrh/genetics.html
|
|
| |
| | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) |
| | "Lamarckism" or "Lamarckianism" is now often used in a rather derogatory sense to refer to the theory that acquired traits can be inherited. | | | Today, the name of Lamarck is associated merely with a discredited theory of heredity, the "inheritance of acquired traits." However, Charles Darwin, Lyell, Haeckel, and other early evolutionists acknowledged him as a great zoologist and as a forerunner of evolution. | | | Lamarck's scientific theories were largely ignored or attacked during his lifetime; Lamarck never won the acceptance and esteem of his colleagues Buffon and Cuvier, and he died in poverty and obscurity. |
|
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/lamarck.html
|
|
| |
| | George Herbert Mead: Review of Du Role de l'individu dans le Determinisme Social and Le Problem du Determinisme Social, ... |
| | The simpler unreflective phases of consciousness would thus be dependent upon the physiological determinism of the physical body, while the higher processes out of which the conscious individual arises would arise out of and be dependent upon the social complex and its determinism, a determinism which is teleological while the former is mechanical. | | | He concludes from this that conditions so unstable and variant as those of the social environment cannot possibly be the ground for the inheritance of the acquired traits of conscious life. | | | Thus there appears another type of inheritance in the social world through which acquired characteristics are handed down by the way of social institutions. |
|
http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Mead/pubs/Mead_1905.html
|
|
| |
| | Evolution |
| | Random mutations occur that may change a trait. | | | The new allele may not infer any advantage on an organism but if it is not too detrimental the change may be incorporated into the population. | | | Inheritance of acquired traits by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (Lamarckism). |
|
http://alpha1.fmarion.edu/~bio105k/evolution.html
|
|
| |
| | epigenetic inheritance: Information From Answers.com |
| | Epigenetic inheritance occurs in the development of multicellular organisms: dividing fibroblasts for instance give rise to new fibroblasts (rather than some other cell type) even though their genome is identical to that of all other cells. | | | Epigenetic inheritance systems (EISs) allow cells of different phenotype but identical genotype to transmit their phenotype to their offspring, even when the phenotype-inducing stimuli are absent, as is often the case. | | | Orthodox theories on biological evolution hold that the only role the environment plays is in the phase of selection: the environment determines on what grounds selection takes place and what characteristics are necessary for better reproduction opportunities. |
|
http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=j7oalkambipj?method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Epigenetic+inheritance&gwp=11&curtab=2222_1&sbid=lc02a
|
|
| |
| | Epigenetics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The term epigenetics has over time been used in various senses, in part because the Greek prefix epi- has at least six meanings in English (including 'on', 'after' and 'in addition'), but also because various theories of epigenetic development, inheritance, and evolution have been proposed (see Historical notes below). | | | However the term goes back at least to 1896 (see References). | | | Various aspects of the modern understanding of epigenetic inheritance are reminiscent of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's ideas about evolution. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic
|
|
| |
| | Re: 50 things every biologist should know |
| | I remember trying to explain to my mother what I worked on. | | | > of his day that acquired traits are then inherited. | | | school when she was 14 and I tried to frame it in terms of inheritence; she |
|
http://www.news-reader.org/article.php?group=bionet.molbio.evolution&post_nr=7524
|
|
| |
| | Answer Key for 1403 Test |
| | These parents are heterozygous for both of these traits. | | | This mechanism features genetic variation arising as the direct result of environmental change and also features individuals evolving during the course of their existence. | | | Lamarck would have accounted for this phenomenon by his mechanism of inheritance of acquired traits. |
|
http://www2.tltc.ttu.edu/dini/key4(1403)02.htm
|
|
| |
| | exfweb |
| | involves chance changes in the frequency of a genetic trait in a |
|
http://www.bios.niu.edu/bking/exf.htm
|
|
| |
| | Bibliographic Essays: Life Sciences in the Twentieth Century |
| | Perhaps in response to the Lysenko affair in the USSR in the 1940s and 1950s, the author is particularly vehement in denying the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. | | | Compared to other areas of evolutionary thought, the history of human evolution has received much less attention. | | | Though superseded by both Darwin's concept of natural selection and Weismann's concept of the continuity of the germ plasm, the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics continued to attract a certain following in the United States and Europe (including Russia) well into the twentieth century. |
|
http://www.hssonline.org/teach_res/essays/allen/allenp4.html
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | The Baldwin Effect: Indirect inheritance of acquired traits Some genotypes are not inherently optimal, but their corresponding phenotypes can become so via learning. | | | Ordinary genes are not expected to be genetically mutated in a way to acquire traits that they are not able to do so with learning. | | | Modern Implications The results of individual plasticity, such as learning or physical changes, can be reverse encoded into the genome prior to reproduction. |
|
http://www.idi.ntnu.no/emner/it3708/files/ea5.ppt
|
|
| |
| | BIOL 112 Review, Chapter 22 |
| | Understand Lamarck's theory of the inheritance of acquired traits and why it is incorrect. | | | Know Darwin's general history and how he came to develop his theory of natural selection and his book, The Origin of Species. | | | Know Darwin's main observations and inferences regarding natural selection, as outlined by Ernst Mayr. |
|
http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Bryan_Ness/Biol_112/b112r22.htm
|
|
| |
| | Anecdote - Lev Davidovich Landau - Penetrating Question |
| | The Russian physicist Lev Landau once attended a session of the Russian Academy of Sciences at which the notorious agronomist Trofim Lysenko (the founder of "creative Darwinism") gave a lecture on the so-called inheritance of acquired traits. | | | Landau, Lev Davidovich (1908-1968) Russian physicist, Nobel Prize recipient (Physics, 1962) [noted for his pioneering work in low-temperature physics and the quantum mechanical study of condensed states] | | | When the talk was over, Landau asked a penetrating question: "You argue that if we will cut off the ear of a cow, and the ear of its offspring, and so on, sooner or later the earless cows will start to be born?" "Yes, that's right," Lysenko replied. |
|
http://www.anecdotage.com/index.php?aid=3222
|
|
| |
| | Re: Who originally discovered the theory of natural selection? |
| | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck believed in the inheritance of acquired traits, and such English notables as | | | It's generally accepted that Darwin was not the first to think in terms of evolution. | | | Alfred Wallace are said to have preceded Darwin; the evidence is best for Wallace. |
|
http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/jan2000/948239216.Sh.r.html
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | 1- COMPARE SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION (INHERITANCE, NUMBER OF PARENTS, ETC.) | | | 6- DETERMINE ACQUIRED TRAITS USING A FAMILY TREE |
|
http://www.davis.k12.ut.us/mpjh/Science7.htm
|
|
|
