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| | Neonatology on the Web: Graham - Infant Mortality |
 | | The factors contributing to infant mortality are so many and so varied and the difficulties in controlling these harmful influences are so great that at the present day one is forced to admit that, while the preventable death rate is very large, still among the poor there must be a large necessary death rate. | | | It is not an easy task to form an accurate idea of how many or what proportion of infant deaths are due to congenital causes and those diseases, which if not actually congenital, still leave the child more susceptible to their development than is the child whose parents are free from such diseases. | | | Newman asserts that infants die more from immaturity at the present time and that consequently more infants begin life with less vitality than in former periods. |
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http://www.neonatology.org/classics/graham.html
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| | Infant Mortality - Fact Sheets - Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System - Public Health Agency of Canada |
| | International differences in infant mortality rates must be interpreted with caution, as there are significant international variations in clinical practices and the methods used to register live births. | | | Provincial/territorial differences in infant mortality rates must be interpreted with caution, as rates are unstable in provinces and territories with few infant deaths. | | | Home : Health Promotion : Maternal and Infant Health : Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System Fact Sheets : Infant Mortality |
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http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/factshts/mort_e.html
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| | Neonatology on the Web: Holt - Infant Mortality, Ancient and Modern |
| | Infants will not be permitted to die from neglect and bad feeding, nor will conditions be tolerated which make it possible that a large percentage of infants who grow up in cities live in such surroundings that health and normal physical development is simply impossible. | | | His work shows not only evidence of careful study of the problem of infant mortality as presented by the conditions existing at his day, but also a grasp of principles to be applied in remedying the evils of the time. | | | When, in such surroundings, a mother relinquished the personal care of her infant to become a factory employee, and when maternal nursing was replaced by substitute feeding carried out by one densely ignorant of the first principles of the subject, the results can well be imagined. |
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http://www.neonatology.org/classics/holt.html
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| | Infant Mortality Fact Sheet |
| | Parents and caregivers should place sleeping infants on their backs and reduce bed sharing. | | | A network between health care experts and minority communities to encourage healthy behaviors by pregnant women and parents of infants. | | | This joint approach should address the behaviors, lifestyles, and conditions that affect birth outcomes. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/omh/AMH/factsheets/infant.htm
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| | World Health |
| | Death from these conditions is almost unheard of for infants in more developed countries. | | | But in less developed countries where malnourishment weakens small bodies, medical facilities are scarce, and living areas may be unsanitary, infant deaths are common. | | | Meanwhile, life expectancy in less developed countries has gradually climbed, rising to about 64 years in 1995. |
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http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/Human_Population/Health2/World_Health1.htm
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| | MCH Library Infant Mortality |
| | This paper explores the issue of whether consumer choice of health professionals explains any of the differences in birth outcomes between children born to poor parents in the United States and those born to non-poor parents, and, if it does, why poor women choose different health professionals than their non-poor counterparts. | | | Resources include a series of fact sheets for expectant and new parents about reducing the risk of infant death; education and training materials for health and human service professionals; and a training manual and fact sheets for child care providers. | | | The initiative addresses 467 objectives in 28 focus areas that include 22 measurable health objectives specific to risk factors for infant mortality and more than 100 related objectives on issues such as cigarette smoking. |
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http://mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_infmort.html
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| | NJDHSS The Blue Ribbon Panel Report on Black Infant Mortality Reduction |
| | Knowing that infant death occurs among one’s family and friends does not necessarily lead to an understanding of the scope of the problem. | | | Those who are resigned to the deaths of their infants may not be motivated to seek prenatal care. | | | Health care initiatives aimed at reducing black infant mortality should educate the general population, while focusing on those at high risk for poor pregnancy outcomes. |
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http://www.state.nj.us/health/fhs/bim.htm
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| | CPL 19th and 20th Century: Infant and Childhood Mortality |
| | A variety of public health, medical, sewage and water supply improvements had dramatically cut the infant death rate by the turn of the century. | | | The Chicago Health Department became an acknowledged leader in infant health with such measures as mandatory milk pasteurization (1909). | | | Massive education programs, well baby clinics and comprehensive vaccinations were some of the many initiatives under the direction of legendary longtime leader Dr. Herman Bundesen. |
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http://www.chipublib.org/004chicago/disasters/infant_mortality.html
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| | Association of SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs |
| | It is important for parents to discuss recommendations for their infant's sleep position with their health care provider. | | | This change in sleep position from tummy to back poses no increased risk for illness or infant death in normally healthy infants. | | | It is imperative that healthcare professionals continue to provide counseling and compassionate support services to families who experience a sudden infant death. |
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http://www.asip1.org/isp.html
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| | Pollution particles found to have large impact on infant health |
| | Their research suggests that approximately 2,500 infants survived to at least one year of age who would not have without the improvement in air quality. | | | They take this as evidence that maternal exposure to particulates while the baby is in utero may affect the fetus’s development. | | | “We decided to look at infants rather than adults because at this vulnerable stage of life, pollution may have substantial effects on life expectancy. |
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http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/03/particles
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| | NationMaster.com - Map & Graph: Countries by Health > Infant mortality rate |
| | In many of the countries with lower infant mortality there is more emphasis on prevention through access to care, education, sanitation, birth control and more. | | | Our infant mortality rate is driven by our high accidental death rate and our immigration stats. | | | Our rate is high because we have a very poor health care system. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/hea_inf_mor_rat
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| | Summary and Findings |
| | The fact that the infant morality rate has dropped steadily suggests that there may be some lessons that could be applied to other areas of child well-being. | | | 84 However, the problem of infant mortality varies among individual cities, and recent evidence indicates neighborhood conditions can have a big impact on infant mortality rates. | | | Reduction in infant mortality in the United States is clearly a success story. |
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http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/databook/summary/summary4.htm
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| | Closing the Health GAP 2005 |
| | African American infants are at greater risk for SIDS. | | | This publication summarizes the work being done through Indian Health Services (IHS) to educate, research and eventually alleviate the high rate of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) among the American Indian/Alaska Native community. | | | Babies Sleep Safest on Their Backs: Reduce the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |
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http://www.omhrc.gov/healthgap/sids.htm
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| | Infant mortality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The World Health Organization defines a live birth as any born human being who demonstrates independent signs of life, including breathing, muscle movement, or heartbeat. | | | The leading causes of infant mortality are dehydration and disease. | | | Comparing statistics for IMR across countries can be a useful indicator of their level of health and development, but the method for calculating IMR often varies widely between countries based on the way they define a live birth. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_mortality
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| | Infant Mortality |
| | Infant Mortality represents many factors surrounding birth, including but not limited to: the health of the mother, prenatal care, quality of the health services delivered to the mother and child and infant care. | | | The State of Infant Health: Is There Trouble Ahead | | | A year-to-year change in states with a small number of births is common. |
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http://www.unitedhealthfoundation.org/shr2004/components/infantmortality.html
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| | USATODAY.com - Infant mortality rate increases for the first time in four decades |
| | Most of the recent rise in infant deaths was attributed to neonates — babies less than 28 days old — particularly infants who died within the first week of life. | | | He calls infant mortality an important measure of public health, reflecting such factors as prenatal care, parental health, family socioeconomic status and health coverage. | | | But that good news was tempered by a troubling increase in infant mortality, which is considered an important bellwether of a nation's overall health. |
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http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2004-02-11-infant-mortality_x.htm
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| | ABC News: U.S. Babies Die at Higher Rate |
| | Part of the reason U.S. infant mortality is rising in comparison to other countries is because while the U.S. rate has remained fairly stable, many other countries have greatly improved their health care systems. | | | While the health of infants in many countries is improving, babies born in the United States now face an increased risk of dying in the first year of life. | | | At the same time, other countries are improving their infant mortality rates to the point that they have surpassed the United States. |
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http://abcnews.go.com/Health/GlobalHealth/story?id=1266515
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| | Global Programs: Infant Mortality in Developing Countries |
| | Our mission is to improve the health of babies by preventing birth defects and infant mortality. | | | While infectious diseases continue to be major contributors to infant mortality in developing countries, birth defects account for a significant percentage of infant deaths when the infant mortality rate falls below 50/1000 live births. | | | The table below lists developing countries in which the infant mortality rate had dropped below 50/1000 live births by 1999. |
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http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/871_1392.asp
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| | Boston.com / News / Local / Disparity persists in black infant mortality |
| | Instead, they analyzed which neighborhoods disproportionately bore the burden of infant mortality. | | | The infant mortality rate for black infants in 2003 was similar to that for white babies in the state three decades ago. | | | A tinderbox of poverty, racism, and chronic disease fuels the gap in infant mortality rates, a health measure long regarded as a bellwether of a nation's commitment to social well-being, maternal health specialists said yesterday. |
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http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/04/20/disparity_persists_in_black_infant_mortality
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| | SCAN INFANT MORTALITY definitions |
| | The intent of developing new revisions is to incorporate changes in medical knowledge. | | | This link lists all of the available infant mortality variables. | | | The ICD rules for processing mortality data are generally similar but account for some changes observed in mortality statistics. |
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http://scangis.dhec.sc.gov/scan/mch/infm/support/infmdefn.htm
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| | ICTC Infant Mortality |
| | Normal Birth Weight: Babies born more than 2,500 grams or 5lbs 8oz. | | | Studies have shown that midwives have reduced the incidence of low-birth weight--one of the numerous causes of infant mortality. | | | Black infants are twice as likely to be born with low birth weight (less than 5lbs, 5oz) than white infants. |
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http://www.blackmidwives.org/infantmortality.php
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| | Infant Mortality - Theodore Fuller |
| | Eyeballing the map, can you generalize what regions of the country or what states seem to have higher rates of infant mortality? | | | For example, a rate of 7 means that 7 infants died for every 1000 babies born. | | | The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) refers to deaths among number of infants less than one year old who died in a year, compared to the number of births in that year. |
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http://www.ssdan.net/kidscount/modules/fuller_im.shtml
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| | Mortality rate, infant definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms |
| | The infant mortality rate is an important measure of the well-being of infants, children, and pregnant women because it is associated with a variety of factors, such as maternal health, quality and access to medical care, socioeconomic conditions, and public health practices. | | | About one-third of infant deaths occur after the first month and are influenced greatly by social or environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke or problems with access to health care. | | | Mortality rate, infant definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms |
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http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4434
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| | The First Measured Century: Timeline: Data - Mortality |
| | Without a germ theory of disease, people did not take precautions to prevent the spread of infections. | | | The infant mortality rate is calculated by dividing the number of infants who die within one year of birth by the number of infants who are born. | | | See how the data on infant mortality changes! |
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http://www.pbs.org/fmc/timeline/dmortality.htm
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| | Infant Mortality |
| | As noted in your text, infant mortality is concerned with infant deaths during the first year of life. | | | Construct a frequency histogram for the infant mortality rates based on your grouping in Exercise 1. | | | The infant mortality rate is usually defined to be the number of such deaths per 1000 live births during a given calendar year. |
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http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/15/15719/studies/ch2_infant
(350 words)
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| | Infant Mortality Rate |
| | Infant mortality is one of the most commonly used variables in sociology research. | | | It is often used to measure the level of development of various countries, as it is often argued that one of the benefits of more developed economies is that increase in the national level of health and the consequential decline in the prevalence of various health problems including infant mortality. | | | The infant mortality rate is sometimes considered to be highly correlated with economic well being, as those babies born to more affluent mothers are more likely to see their first birthday. |
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http://www.ssdan.net/kidscount/backgrounders/imr.shtml
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| | New Scientist Breaking News - US infant deaths rise for first time in 45 years |
| | The worrying rise is being blamed partly on the increasing use of assisted reproductive therapies such as IVF by couples with fertility problems. | | | Also, more women are delaying motherhood to later in life, which may increase mortality. | | | Between 2001 and 2002, the number of US infants dying within their first year for every 1000 live births climbed from 6.8 to 7.0, says the report from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). |
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http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn4675
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| | Infant Mortality |
| | A declining infant death rate also contributes to long-term sustainability as the preventative approaches are not only cost-effective, they draw on less resources and energy to accomplish. | | | High infant mortality is often associated with poverty and low infant mortality with wealth. | | | Prenatal care and health education are the leading strategies to lowering infant death rates and, accordingly, declining rates indicate an investment in human capital in both the mother and the child. |
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http://www.humboldt.edu/~envecon/Indicators/infantmortality.htm
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| | Cuba vs. the United States on Infant Mortality |
| | This does not diminish in any way Cuba's progress on infant mortality, which is one of the few long term improvements that the Cuban state has made, but infant mortality statistics that are that close to one another are often extremely difficult to compare cross-culturally. | | | The problem is that international statistics on infant mortality are helpful in revealing large differences, but when it comes to small differences such as that between Cuba and the United States, often other factors are really behind the numbers. | | | If the infant does not survive -- and the mortality rate for such infants is in excess of 50 percent -- that sequence of events will be recorded as a live birth and then a death. |
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http://www.overpopulation.com/articles/2002/000019.html
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| | Infant mortality on the rise in state |
| | One factor contributing to the rise in infant mortality is the increasing number of multiple births, which have become more common because of in-vitro fertilization, said Dr. Michael Speer, professor of pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and a trustee of the Texas Medical Association. | | | "There is a real health disparity that exists in infant mortality," McDermott said. | | | Frances Deviney, author of the report, said an important factor in infant mortality is the mother's access to prenatal care. |
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http://www.statesman.com/metrostate/content/metro/stories/11/12kids.html
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| | SFGate: Too Young To Die |
| | New science suggests the problem may have been misdiagnosed. | | | Transforming Fresno from a hotspot of infant death to a model for better care. | | | San Francisco's rate of infant deaths is the lowest among U.S. cities, but in the Bay Area's disadvantaged neighborhoods babies die as often as those in much poorer countries. |
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http://www.sfgate.com/n/s/p/2004/infantmortality
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| | 20th century/Infant mortality - definition of 20th century/Infant mortality in Encyclopedia |
| | Infant mortality rates were driven down by improved health care and nutrition, and by cleaner, healthier environments world wide. | | | In the United States infant mortality fell from more than 10% to significantly less than 1%. | | | In India, the child mortality rate (death at or before 5 years of age) fell from 17.3% in 1980 to 8.5% in 1996. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/20th_century/Infant_mortality
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| | HPH NOW, December 10, 2004, APHA: U.S. Infant Mortality Rate Up for First Time in Four Decades while Overall National ... |
| | The U.S. infant mortality rate is about double the rate found in Hong Kong (3.1) and Japan (3.4), according to "America’s Health." Those numbers were drawn from a 1999 report from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. | | | "America’s Health: State Health Rankings" uses 18 measures that include prevalence of smoking, high school graduation rates, infant mortality rates, premature death, and per capita public health spending to produce a composite assessment of each state’s health. | | | He pointed to a number of factors that may be associated with the increase, including women receiving less prenatal care or losing their jobs, cuts to nutrition programs, and climbing poverty rates. |
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http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/now/dec10/apha_infant.html
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| | Trends, 1997: HC 1.1.a Infant Mortality |
| | The three leading causes of death to infants (one year and younger) are congenital anomalies, disorders relating to a short gestation period and low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). | | | While infant mortality rates have declined for all races and ethnic groups in the United States, there is nevertheless considerable variation by race and ethnicity (see Figure HC 1.1.A.2). | | | For example, in 1992, the rate of infant deaths per thousand live births was 4.5 in Japan, 6.6 in the United Kingdom, 6.8 in France, and 6.2 in Germany, compared to 8.5 deaths per thousand live births in the United States in that year. |
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http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/97trends/hc1-1a.htm
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| | Infant mortality report |
| | This report presents an in-depth picture of the trends in infant mortality in the state between 1990 and 2002, including a brief analysis for each county or region. | | | The Perinatal Periods of Risk methodology is explained and used to describe fetal and infant mortality for the largest counties and regions. | | | The gaps between current infant mortality rates and the Healthy People 2010 goal are also shown for the largest counties. |
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http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/ps/mch/Infantmortality
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| | The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Infant mortality rate |
| | This rate is often used an indicator of the level of health in a country. | | | This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. | | | The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Infant mortality rate |
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http://www.brainyatlas.com/fields/2091.html
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| | Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy for Selected Countries, 2005 |
| | Life Expectancy by Age, 1850–2003 - The expectation of life at a specified age is the average number of years that members of a... | | | Related content from HighBeam Research on: Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy for Selected Countries, 2005 | | | More on Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy for Selected Countries 2005 from Infoplease: |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0004393.html
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| | Epidemiology Services Division--Health Statistics |
| | Trends of Infant Mortality Rates by Health Department | | | Trends of Black Infant Mortality Rates by Health Department | | | Trends of White Infant Mortality Rates by Health Department |
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http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/pha/osr/index.asp?Id=3
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| | Infant mortality - Comparisons by Topic |
| | View a list of Health indicators in this system. | | | Definition: Deaths occurring to infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births. | | | Query summary: View=Ranking; Geographic Areas=custom set of 50; Indicator=Infant mortality; Year=2002; Sort order/by=Alphabetical by Area |
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http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/sld/compare_results.jsp?i=70
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| | Infant Mortality |
| | The numbers and rate of infant death are presented for the years 1970 through 2003 for Michigan with national rates for comparative purposes. | | | Information on deaths to children before the first birthday are presented under Infant Mortality The statistical data for these tables are developed by matching information from the report of an infant’s death to the information reported at the time of birth. | | | Browsers that can not handle javascript will not be able to access some features of this site. |
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http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132-2944_4669_4694---,00.html
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| | CIA - The World Factbook -- Rank Order - Infant mortality rate |
| | Countries for which no information is available are not included in this list. | | | This page was last updated on 2 May, 2006 | | | CIA - The World Factbook -- Rank Order - Infant mortality rate |
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html
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| | Infant Mortality - DrGreene.com |
| | The October 2000 Bulletin of the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that, while we still have a long way to go, we have made tremendous progress in child mortality over the last 50 years. | | | Today, the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching 5 years of age is about 7% globally, compared with 10% in 1990 and 25% in 1950! | | | In stark contrast, childhood mortality rates have stalled -- and even increased -- in areas of Africa and Southeast Asia. |
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http://www.drgreene.com/21_298.html
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| | Infant mortality rate - deaths per 1,000 live births - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, ... |
| | This page of GDP per capita ranking of countries is based on figures from the 1999 CIA world factbook. | | | Infant mortality rate - deaths per 1,000 live births - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System | | | Infant mortality rate - deaths per 1,000 live births |
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http://www.photius.com/wfb1999/rankings/infant_mortality_0.html
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| | Country Statistics at a Glance |
| | Mortality - Deaths, by State Deaths, 1900–2003 U.S. Annual Death Rates per 1,000 Population Deaths by... | | | Crude Birth and Death Rates for Selected Countries - Birth rate Death rate Country 2005 2004 2003 1990 1985 1980 1975 2005 2004 2003 1990 1985 1980 1975... |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0762380.html
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